ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report clinical features of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) using optical coherence tomography angiography. METHODS: A 59-year-old female patient presented with blurred vision in the left eye for 1 day. The patient presented posterior uveitis with multiple peripheral areas of retinal pallor with presumed acute retinal necrosis. Herpes simplex virus Type 1 infection was confirmed after serologic tests, and the polymerase chain reaction analysis of the aqueous humor tested positive. RESULTS: The left eye examination revealed anterior chamber reaction, mild vitritis, optic disk swelling, and yellowish white retinal lesions with discrete borders along the superotemporal arcade and temporal periphery. Baseline optical coherence tomography angiography revealed decreased vascular density of superficial and deep plexuses of superotemporal macular region. One month after oral valacyclovir 2,000 mg twice daily, visual acuity and retinal lesions improved, and optical coherence tomography angiography images showed improvement of vascular density. CONCLUSION: Occlusive arterial vasculopathy is one of the main clinical characteristics of acute retinal necrosis. We herein describe for the first time the features of retinal vasculature in acute retinal necrosis revealed by optical coherence tomography angiography, showing decreased vascular density of superficial and deep plexuses.
Subject(s)
Eye Infections, Viral/diagnosis , Herpes Simplex/diagnosis , Herpesvirus 1, Human/isolation & purification , Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute/diagnosis , Retinal Vessels/pathology , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Aqueous Humor/virology , Eye Infections, Viral/drug therapy , Eye Infections, Viral/virology , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Herpes Simplex/drug therapy , Herpes Simplex/virology , Humans , Middle Aged , Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute/drug therapy , Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute/virology , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Valacyclovir/therapeutic use , Visual Acuity/physiologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the 52-week safety and efficacy of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: All patients received three monthly intravitreal injections of 0.05 mL of ziv-aflibercept (1.25 mg) followed by a pro re nata regimen. The best-corrected visual acuity and spectral domain optical coherence tomography were obtained at baseline and monthly. Full-field and multifocal electroretinograms were obtained at baseline and 4, 13, 26, and 52 weeks. For some full-field electroretinography parameters, we calculated the differences between baseline and 52 weeks and then compared those differences between treated and untreated fellow eyes. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were included and 14 completed the 52-week follow-up. The mean best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.95 ± 0.41 (20/200) at baseline to 0.75 ± 0.51 (20/125) logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution at 52 weeks (P = 0.0066). The baseline central retinal thickness decreased from 478.21 ± 153.48 µm to 304.43 ± 98.59 µm (P = 0.0004) at 52 weeks. Full-field electroretinography parameters used to assess retinal toxicity after intravitreal injections (rod response and oscillatory potentials) remained unchanged during follow-up. The average multifocal electroretinography macular response in 5° showed increased N1-P1 amplitude and decreased P1 implicit time (P < 0.05). One patient presented with intraocular inflammation after the seventh intravitreal procedure. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that intravitreal ziv-aflibercept might be safe and effective for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration. More patients and a longer follow-up are needed to confirm the long-term outcomes of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept.
Subject(s)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/therapeutic use , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use , Wet Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Aged , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects , Choroidal Neovascularization/diagnosis , Choroidal Neovascularization/physiopathology , Electroretinography , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Intravitreal Injections , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/adverse effects , Retina/physiology , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Visual Acuity/physiology , Wet Macular Degeneration/diagnosis , Wet Macular Degeneration/physiopathologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the fundus manifestations and spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic (SD-OCT) features of dengue fever presenting as Purtscher-like retinopathy. METHODS: Retrospective review of two cases of dengue fever. RESULTS: Color fundus photograph revealed the presence of cotton-wool spots in a Purtscher-like configuration in the posterior pole of all study eyes. SD-OCT demonstrated increased reflectivity signal in the inner retinal layers, and after a variable follow-up period, there was complete disappearance of cotton-wool spots and persistence of the hyperreflectivity signal. CONCLUSION: We report two unique cases of dengue fever associated with retinal lesions in a configuration of Purtscher-like retinopathy.
Subject(s)
Dengue/complications , Eye Infections, Viral/etiology , Retina/pathology , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Adult , Aged , DNA, Viral/analysis , Dengue/diagnosis , Dengue Virus/genetics , Eye Infections, Viral/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Viral/virology , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/virology , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methodsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to access the safety profiles of 2 fusion proteins with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor action (ziv-aflibercept and aflibercept) on retinal pigment epithelium cells and Muller-Glia cells in culture by assessing cell viability post drug exposure. METHODS: Primary human retinal pigment epithelium cells (pRPE) and Muller-Glia cells (Mio-M1) were exposed to the clinical standardized concentrations of ziv-aflibercept (25 mg/mL) and aflibercept (40 mg/mL). Progressively higher concentrations of NaCl (300, 500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 5,000, and 10,000 mosm/kg) were also applied to cells to assess the possibility of potentiating hyperosmotic cytotoxity effect. The study was applied to measure pRPE and Mio-M1 viability by a tetrazolium dye-reduction assay (XTT). RESULTS: Cell viability of both pRPE and Mio-M1 presented no significant changes after exposure of ziv-aflibercept and aflibercept. Progressive NaCl concentrations did not significantly alter cell viability. The exposure to the negative control of 75 µL/mL of dimethyl sulfoxide showed significant reduction in cell viability. CONCLUSIONS: At clinical doses, neither ziv-aflibercept nor aflibercept caused any significant reduction in cell viability in vitro. Furthermore, injection solutions of NaCl with higher osmolality caused no significant reduction in cell viability.
Subject(s)
Ependymoglial Cells/pathology , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/administration & dosage , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology , Cadaver , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Ependymoglial Cells/drug effects , Humans , Intravitreal Injections , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors , Retinal Pigment Epithelium/drug effectsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate outcomes and complications of pars plana vitrectomy in patients with epiretinal membrane secondary to toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of the records of 14 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane secondary to toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. The best-corrected visual acuity, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and macular optical coherence tomography were analysed. All patients received postoperative prophylactic treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. RESULTS: Fourteen patients, 5 men and 9 women, were included. Mean follow-up period after surgery was 6.07 ± 2.64 months. Preoperative mean best-corrected visual acuity was 20/200, and postoperative mean best-corrected visual acuity was 20/60. There were no intraoperative complications. Three patients developed posterior capsule opacification, and one patient developed cataract. CONCLUSION: Pars plana vitrectomy is a safe and effective procedure in patients with epiretinal membrane secondary to toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, improving both visual acuity and anatomical result on macular optical coherence tomography. The most frequent postoperative complications were posterior capsule opacification and cataract. No recurrences of the disease were recorded.