ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: the control of cardiovascular responses during resistance exercise (RE) is important for patient safety. OBJECTIVE: to investigate the influence of repetition maximum (RM) and rest interval between sets (RI) on heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and rate-pressure product (RPP) during RE. METHODS: twenty healthy subjects (26 ± 5 years of age) underwent RE protocols involving three sets of leg press (6 and 12 RM) and RI proportional to the contraction time (1:3 and 1:5). The HR was checked on a continuous basis by using a cardiotachometer and the SBP was checked at the end of the sets, via a protocol validated by the auscultatory method. RESULTS: the HR was influenced by the workload (p = 0.008) and sets (p < 0.001), but not by the RI (p = 0.087). The SBP suffered from the isolated effect of the number of sets (p < 0.001) and RI (p = 0.017), but not from the workload (p = 0.95). The RPP rose in direct proportion to the workload (p = 0.036) and sets (p < 0.001), but in inverse proportion to the RI (p = 0.006). In 6 RM protocols, the variation in the HR was higher for RI = 1:3 (Δ = 11.2 ± 1.1 bpm) than for RI = 1:5 (Δ = 4.5 ± 0.2 bpm; p = 0.002), but there was no difference for 12 RM (Δ 1:3 = 21.1 ± 2.2 bpm; Δ 1:5 = 18.9 ± 2.0 bpm, p = 0.83). The RI influenced the variation in SBP in all loads (6 RM - Δ 1:3 = 10.6 ± 0.9 mmHg, Δ 1:5 = 6.6 ± 0.7 mmHg; p = 0.02 and 12 RM - Δ 1:3 = 15.2 ± 1.1 mmHg, Δ 1:5 = 8.4 ± 0.7 mmHg; p = 0.04). The RPP rose in proportion to the workload (p = 0.036) and to the sets (p < 0.001), but in inverse proportion to the RI (p = 0.006). With RI = 1:3, there was difference in RPP for 6 RM (Δ = 2,892 ± 189 mmHg.bpm) and 12 RM (Δ = 4,587 ± 300 mmHg.bpm; p = 0.018), but not with RI = 1:5 (6 RM: Δ = 1,224 ± 141 mmHg.bpm, 12 RM: Δ = 2,332 ± 194 mmHg.bpm; p = 0.58). CONCLUSION: regardless of the workload, an increased RI was associated with lower cardiovascular responses during RE, especially of SBP.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Physical Endurance/physiology , Resistance Training/methods , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Humans , Male , Time FactorsABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTO: O controle das respostas cardiovasculares durante exercício resistido (ER) é importante para a segurança do paciente. OBJETIVO: Investigar a influência do número de repetições máximas (RM) e dos intervalos de recuperação entre séries (IR) sobre a frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e duplo produto (DP) durante ER. MÉTODOS: Vinte sujeitos saudáveis (26 ± 5 anos) realizaram protocolos de ER envolvendo três séries do leg press (6 e 12 RM) e IR proporcional ao tempo de contração (1:3 e 1:5). Aferiu-se a FC continuamente com cardiofrequencímetro e a PAS foi verificada ao final das séries, por meio de protocolo validado com método auscultatório. RESULTADOS: A FC sofreu influência da carga (p = 0,008) e das séries (p < 0,001), mas não do IR (p = 0,087). A PAS sofreu efeito isolado do número de séries (p < 0,001) e do IR (p = 0,017), mas não da carga (p = 0,95). O DP elevou-se em relação direta com a carga (p = 0,036) e com as séries (p < 0,001), mas inversamente ao IR (p = 0,006). Nos protocolos de 6 RM, a variação da FC foi maior para IR = 1:3 (Δ = 11,2 ± 1,1 bpm) do que para IR = 1:5 (Δ = 4,5 ± 0,2 bpm; p = 0,002), mas não houve diferença para 12 RM (Δ 1:3 = 21,1 ± 2,2 bpm; Δ 1:5 = 18,9 ± 2,0 bpm, p = 0,83). O IR influenciou a variação da PAS em todas as cargas (6 RM - Δ 1:3 = 10,6 ± 0,9 mmHg, Δ 1:5 = 6,6 ± 0,7 mmHg; p = 0,02 e 12 RM - Δ 1:3 = 15,2 ± 1,1 mmHg, Δ 1:5 = 8,4 ± 0,7 mmHg; p = 0,04). O DP elevou-se proporcionalmente à carga (p = 0,036) e para séries (p < 0,001), mas inversamente ao IR (p = 0,006). Com IR = 1:3, houve diferença de DP para 6 RM (Δ = 2.892 ± 189 mmHg.bpm) e 12 RM (Δ = 4.587 ± 300 mmHg.bpm; p = 0,018), mas não com IR = 1:5 (6 RM: Δ = 1.224 ± 141 mmHg.bpm, 12 RM: Δ = 2.332 ± 194 mmHg.bpm; p = 0,58). CONCLUSÃO: Independentemente da carga, um maior IR associou-se a menores respostas cardiovasculares durante ER, especialmente de PAS.
BACKGROUND: The control of cardiovascular responses during resistance exercise (RE) is important for patient safety. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of repetition maximum (RM) and rest interval between sets (RI) on heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and rate-pressure product (RPP) during RE. METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects (26 ± 5 years of age) underwent RE protocols involving three sets of leg press (6 and 12 RM) and RI proportional to the contraction time (1:3 and 1:5). The HR was checked on a continuous basis by using a cardiotachometer and the SBP was checked at the end of the sets, via a protocol validated by the auscultatory method. RESULTS: The HR was influenced by the workload (p = 0.008) and sets (p < 0.001), but not by the RI (p = 0.087). The SBP suffered from the isolated effect of the number of sets (p < 0.001) and RI (p = 0.017), but not from the workload (p = 0.95). The RPP rose in direct proportion to the workload (p = 0.036) and sets (p < 0.001), but in inverse proportion to the RI (p = 0.006). In 6 RM protocols, the variation in the HR was higher for RI = 1:3 (Δ = 11.2 ± 1.1 bpm) than for RI = 1:5 (Δ = 4.5 ± 0.2 bpm; p = 0.002), but there was no difference for 12 RM (Δ 1:3 = 21.1 ± 2.2 bpm; Δ 1:5 = 18.9 ± 2.0 bpm, p = 0.83). The RI influenced the variation in SBP in all loads (6 RM - Δ 1:3 = 10.6 ± 0.9 mmHg, Δ 1:5 = 6.6 ± 0.7 mmHg; p = 0.02 and 12 RM - Δ 1:3 = 15.2 ± 1.1 mmHg, Δ 1:5 = 8.4 ± 0.7 mmHg; p = 0.04). The RPP rose in proportion to the workload (p = 0.036) and to the sets (p < 0.001), but in inverse proportion to the RI (p = 0.006). With RI = 1:3, there was difference in RPP for 6 RM (Δ = 2,892 ± 189 mmHg.bpm) and 12 RM (Δ = 4,587 ± 300 mmHg.bpm; p = 0.018), but not with RI = 1:5 (6 RM: Δ = 1,224 ± 141 mmHg.bpm, 12 RM: Δ = 2,332 ± 194 mmHg.bpm; p = 0.58). CONCLUSION: Regardless of the workload, an increased RI was associated with lower cardiovascular responses during RE, especially of SBP.
FUNDAMENTO: El control de las respuestas cardiovasculares durante ejercicio de resistencia (ER) es importante para la seguridad del paciente. OBJETIVO: Investigar la influencia del número de repeticiones máximas (RM) y de los intervalos de recuperación entre series (IR) sobre la frecuencia cardíaca (FC), presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y doble producto (DP) durante ER. MÉTODOS: Veinte sujetos sanos (26 ± 5 años) realizaron protocolos de ER comprendiendo tres series del leg press (6 y 12 RM) y IR proporcional al tiempo de contracción (1:3 y 1:5). Se midió la FC continuamente con cardiofrecuencímetro y la PAS fue verificada al final de las series, por medio de protocolo validado con método auscultatorio. RESULTADOS: La FC sufrió influencia de la carga (p = 0,008) y de las series (p < 0,001), pero no del IR (p = 0,087). La PAS sufrió efecto aislado del número de series (p < 0,001) y del IR (p = 0,017), pero no de la carga (p = 0,95). El DP se elevó en relación directa con la carga (p = 0,036) y con las series (p < 0,001), pero inversamente al IR (p = 0,006). En los protocolos de 6 RM, la variación de la FC fue mayor para IR = 1:3 (Δ = 11,2 ± 1,1 lpm) que para IR = 1:5 (Δ = 4,5 ± 0,2 lpm; p = 0,002), pero no hubo diferencia para 12 RM (Δ 1:3 = 21,1 ± 2,2 lpm; Δ 1:5 = 18,9 ± 2,0 lpm, p = 0,83). El IR influenció la variación de la PAS en todas las cargas (6 RM - Δ 1:3 = 10,6 ± 0,9 mmHg, Δ 1:5 = 6,6 ± 0,7 mmHg; p = 0,02 y 12 RM - Δ 1:3 = 15,2 ± 1,1 mmHg, Δ 1:5 = 8,4 ± 0,7 mmHg; p = 0,04). El DP se elevó proporcionalmente a la carga (p = 0,036) y para series (p < 0,001), pero inversamente al IR (p = 0,006). Con IR = 1:3, hubo diferencia de DP para 6 RM (Δ = 2.892 ± 189 mmHg.lpm) y 12 RM (Δ = 4.587 ± 300 mmHg.lpm; p = 0,018), pero no con IR = 1:5 (6 RM: Δ = 1.224 ± 141 mmHg.lpm, 12 RM: Δ = 2.332 ± 194 mmHg.lpm; p = 0,58). CONCLUSIÓN: Independientemente de la carga, un mayor IR se asoció a menores respuestas cardiovasculares durante ER, especialmente de PAS.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Blood Pressure/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Physical Endurance/physiology , Resistance Training/methods , Analysis of Variance , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The control of cardiovascular responses during resistance exercise (RE) is important for patient safety. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of repetition maximum (RM) and rest interval between sets (RI) on heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and rate-pressure product (RPP) during RE. METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects (26 +/- 5 years of age) underwent RE protocols involving three sets of leg press (6 and 12 RM) and RI proportional to the contraction time (1:3 and 1:5). The HR was checked on a continuous basis by using a cardiotachometer and the SBP was checked at the end of the sets, via a protocol validated by the auscultatory method. RESULTS: The HR was influenced by the workload (p = 0.008) and sets (p < 0.001), but not by the RI (p = 0.087). The SBP suffered from the isolated effect of the number of sets (p < 0.001) and RI (p = 0.017), but not from the workload (p = 0.95). The RPP rose in direct proportion to the workload (p = 0.036) and sets (p < 0.001), but in inverse proportion to the RI (p = 0.006). In 6 RM protocols, the variation in the HR was higher for RI = 1:3 (Delta = 11.2 +/- 1.1 bpm) than for RI = 1:5 (Delta = 4.5 +/- 0.2 bpm; p = 0.002), but there was no difference for 12 RM (Delta 1:3 = 21.1 +/- 2.2 bpm; Delta 1:5 = 18.9 +/- 2.0 bpm, p = 0.83). The RI influenced the variation in SBP in all loads (6 RM - Delta 1:3 = 10.6 +/- 0.9 mmHg, Delta 1:5 = 6.6 +/- 0.7 mmHg; p = 0.02 and 12 RM - Delta 1:3 = 15.2 +/- 1.1 mmHg, Delta 1:5 = 8.4 +/- 0.7 mmHg; p = 0.04). The RPP rose in proportion to the workload (p = 0.036) and to the sets (p < 0.001), but in inverse proportion to the RI (p = 0.006). With RI = 1:3, there was difference in RPP for 6 RM (Delta = 2,892 +/- 189 mmHg.bpm) and 12 RM (Delta = 4,587 +/- 300 mmHg.bpm; p = 0.018), but not with RI = 1:5 (6 RM: Delta = 1,224 +/- 141 mmHg.bpm, 12 RM: Delta = 2,332 +/- 194 mmHg.bpm; p = 0.58). CONCLUSION: Regardless of the workload, an increased RI was associated with lower cardiovascular responses during RE, especially of SBP.
