Granulomatous Slack Skin With Lung and Esophagus Involvement: A Case Report and Molecular Analysis.

ABSTRACT: Granulomatous slack skin (GSS) is a rare subtype of mycosis fungoides, and few cases have been known to spread to the blood, lymph nodes, or viscera. We present a case with early dissemination to the lung. A 27-year-old woman, previously healthy, presented with scattered disseminated scaly patches, associated with vulvar and intergluteal firm swelling and groin-skin induration for 1 year. She also reported mild fatigue and breathlessness on moderate exertion. The patient underwent blood tests, skin biopsies, and computed tomography scan. The skin biopsy showed a mildly atypical T-cell lymphoid infiltrate involving the dermis/hypodermis, with focal epidermotropism, associated with a granulomatous infiltrate and elastophagocytosis. The computed tomography scan revealed bilateral ground-glass lung nodular opacities. Positron emission tomography showed an increased signal in the skin and subcutis around the buttocks, inguinal and mediastinal lymph nodes, and lungs. The lung biopsy confirmed a dense T-cell infiltrate with numerous multinucleated giant cells. Subsequently, esophageal involvement was also observed following biopsy. Molecular analyses demonstrated identical T-cell clones in the skin and lung. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy/localized external radiotherapy, the patient had a partial skin response and stable lung disease. A preferred diagnosis of GSS with systemic spread was made based on clinical/histologic/molecular findings, after considering granulomatous mycosis fungoides and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. This case highlights the frequent diagnostic difficulty in distinguishing GSS from an inflammatory granulomatous dermatitis. Pulmonary and esophageal involvements are rare in GSS, and the simultaneous presentation of characteristic cutaneous GSS with systemic disease poses an additional classification challenge.

Homozygous Loss of CDKN2 in Primary Cutaneous CD8(+) Lymphoma NOS.

ABSTRACT: Primary cutaneous acral CD8(+) lymphoma (AL) has been accepted as primary cutaneous acral CD8-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in the revised WHO and updated WHO-EORTC lymphoma classifications. Commonly arising on the ears and comprising a clonal cytotoxic CD8 + T-cell infiltrate, almost all cases follow an indolent clinical course. A single aggressive case reported in the literature had a deletion at the CDKN2 locus at 9p21. We report an atypical CD8 + T-cell proliferation arising on the chest of an elderly man who had some similarities to AL but with a very high proliferation rate, absent p16 protein expression, and homozygous loss of the CDKN2 locus using FISH analysis. A diagnosis of peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL NOS) was preferred. Analyses of 4 cases of AL demonstrated often low p16 protein expression but intact CDKN2 loci. This case raises the problems of the boundaries between AL and PTCL NOS, and a possible role in the loss of p16 function in pathogenesis.

Pigmented Epidermotropic Breast Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Pitfall Mimicking Melanoma A Case Report and Literature Review.

We report the clinical and pathologic features of a patient with breast carcinoma, who developed clinically visible pigmented skin lesions during the course of the disease. The combination of clinical pigmentation, histological pagetoid epidermal spread, and considerable melanin pigment within tumour cells lead to a misdiagnosis of melanoma. This case provides a striking example of the ability of epidermotropic breast carcinoma to mimic melanoma. A literature review is also reported.

Eruptive Junctional Nevi Appearing During Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Treatment.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a multisystemic disorder that results from the clonal proliferation of immunophenotypically and functionally immature Langerhans cells (LC). The detection of the V600E mutation in the BRAF oncogene in LCH biopsy specimens supports previous evidence that LCH is a neoplastic disorder. This mutation is present in other cutaneous lesions including malignant melanoma and benign nevi. Single case reports of a correlation between LCH and the appearance of eruptive nevi limited to the inguinal folds after chemotherapy have previously been described in the literature. This suggested that LCH could be an additional cause of eruptive melanocytic nevi, with a specific distribution mimicking that of LCH cutaneous lesions. We present the case of a 6-year-old boy, previously treated with chemotherapy for Langerhans cell histiocytosis, with disseminated junctional nevi. Although this co-occurrence may be coincidental, the skin involvement is distinct from other previously reported clinical cases. It would be interesting to evaluate whether the BRAF mutation described in LCH cells might in fact support a genetic background for the development of nevi in these patients. LEARNING POINTS: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a clonal neoplastic proliferation of immature Langerhans cells, with the V600E mutation in the BRAF oncogene present in approximately 60% of cases.The V600E mutation in the BRAF oncogene is also documented in other cutaneous lesions, namely malignant melanoma and benign nevi.There are case reports of a correlation between LCH and the appearance of eruptive nevi after chemotherapy, but it is not known whether the BRAF mutation described in LCH cells supports a genetic background for the development of nevi in these patients.

Cutaneous Richter Syndrome Mimicking Primary Cutaneous CD4-Positive Small/Medium T-cell Lymphoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Richter syndrome represents the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma into an aggressive large B-cell lymphoma. Skin involvement is exceptionally rare, with <20 cases reported and its presence as the first presentation of CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma, as an isolated skin lesion has never been described. Primary cutaneous CD4-positive small/medium T-cell lymphoma (CD4 PCSM-TCL) characteristically presents with a dense dermal infiltrate consisting primarily of small-/medium-sized pleomorphic T-cells and less than 30% large pleomorphic cells. A polymorphous reactive infiltrate composed of B-cells, histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils is also found in differing proportions. Because of these morphological characteristics, the differential diagnosis includes not only other forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas but also B-cell lymphomas and reactive lymphoid infiltrates. We report a case of a cutaneous Richter syndrome as the initial manifestation of CLL, mimicking CD4 PCSM-TCL, in a 65-year-old apparently healthy asymptomatic man who presented with a solitary nodule in his arm. The objective of this study is to draw attention to this potential pitfall and describe this rare presentation.