ABSTRACT
This article briefly reviews the commonly used radiological investigations of the renal tract. The intravenous urogram (IVU) is a widely available imaging technique and one of the first-line investigations, yet is often poorly understood by junior medical teams. This article therefore discusses the IVU in detail, and reviews the common pathologies seen using this technique.
Subject(s)
Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Urography/methods , Humans , Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography , Urinary Tract/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
Shoulder problems are well-documented as an occupational illness. The incidence of occupational shoulder problems is increasing. A postal questionnaire survey was conducted to see if otolaryngologists are more susceptible to shoulder impingement syndrome because of their occupation. Endocrinologists were used as the control group. Among 556 questionnaires sent to otolaryngologists, 367 (64.6%) responses were returned compared with 210 questionnaires sent to endocrinologists, of which 138 (65.7%) responses were returned. A total of 88 (24.0%) of the otolaryngologists had suffered from impingement syndrome compared with 15 (10.9%) of the endocrinologists, which was significantly different. Of those with impingement syndrome, more endocrinologists gave a history of injury or overuse compared with otolaryngologists. There must be another factor, leading to increased incidence of impingement syndrome, which may be because of the continuous flexion, and abduction of their shoulders during examination and operating on patients.
Subject(s)
Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Otolaryngology , Shoulder Impingement Syndrome/epidemiology , Cumulative Trauma Disorders/epidemiology , Endocrinology , Humans , Incidence , Middle Aged , Shoulder Impingement Syndrome/etiology , Shoulder Injuries , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Locking of the metacarpophalangeal joints is well documented, but locking of other joints in the finger has not been described. We present a case of locking of the little finger proximal interphalangeal joint due to an osteophyte impinging on the extensor tendon.
