Evaluation and management of febrile neutropenia in patients with cancer.

ABSTRACT: Febrile neutropenia is a common oncologic emergency that increases the risk for serious infection. This article reviews a joint American Society of Clinical Oncology and Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with cancer who present with fever and neutropenia. Knowledge and use of available risk assessment tools may reduce unnecessary hospitalizations, decrease inappropriate antibiotic use, and improve patient outcomes.