Influencia de parámetros quirúrgicos en la mortalidad tras cirugía de fracturas extracapsulares de cadera en el paciente anciano / Influence of surgical parameters on mortality after surgery for extracapsular hip fractures in the elderly

INTRODUCCIÓN: La fractura de cadera es una patología traumática muy frecuente en el anciano con alta mortalidad. Diferentes factores se han asociado con la mortalidad tras la cirugía (edad comorbilidades). Hay factores quirúrgicos que se asocian con la mortalidad, pero no se han relacionado con los diferentes índices de mortalidad y comorbilidades médicas. OBJETIVO: Analizar los parámetros quirúrgicos con influencia en la mortalidad en la cirugía de las fracturas extracapsulares de cadera en el paciente anciano, así como la influencia de las comorbilidades médicas de estos pacientes en la mortalidad, mediante el índice de comorbilidad de Charlson abreviado (CCI). MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Revisión retrospectiva de 187 pacientes intervenidos en 2015. Se recogieron datos sobre la edad y sexo, lateralidad y tipo de fractura; demora quirúrgica, tiempo quirúrgico, tipo de material de osteosíntesis, estancia media. La presencia de comorbilidades se determinó empleando el CCI. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 85 años. Con respecto al índice de comorbilidad de Charlson abreviado, 67,4% de los pacientes tenían una puntuación entre 0 y 1, el 23,5% de 2, y un 9,1% > 2. La mortalidad al mes y al año tras la cirugía fue de 5,3% y 14,4%, respectivamente. Se registraron 43 complicaciones, de las cuales 31 fueron complicaciones médicas. De los 27 pacientes fallecidos en el primer año, 14 (51,8%) sufrieron complicaciones, 48,2% de las mismas fueron complicaciones médicas. DISCUSIÓN: El análisis multivariante mostró diferencias significativas con respecto a edad, complicaciones médicas e índice de Charlson abreviado de dos con respecto a la mortalidad. No existe asociación entre demora y tiempo quirúrgico con el aumento de la mortalidad. CONCLUSIONES: No se demostró asociación de los parámetros quirúrgicos estudiados (demora y tiempo quirúrgico, patrón y estabilidad de la fractura, criterios de reducción, complicaciones quirúrgicas) con aumento de mortalidad a corto y largo plazo. Los pacientes con mayor edad, comorbilidades medidas con CCI abreviado y los que sufren complicaciones médicas presentan mayor riesgo de mortalidad al mes y al año de la cirugía

INTRODUCTION: Hip fracture is a very frequent traumatic pathology in the elderly with high mortality. Different factors have been associated with mortality after surgery (age comorbidities). There are surgical factors that are associated with mortality, but they have not been related to the different mortality rates and medical comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the surgical parameters with influence on mortality in surgery of extracapsular hip fractures in the elderly patient, as well as the influence of medical comorbidities of these patients on mortality, by means of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). METHOD: Retrospective review of 187 patients operated on in 2015. Data were collected on age and sex, laterality and type of fracture; surgical delay, surgical time, type of osteosynthesis material, mean stay. The presence of comorbidities was determined using the JRC. RESULTS: Mean age was 85 years. Regarding the Charlson comorbidity index in brief, 67.4% of patients had a score between 0 and 1, 23.5% of 2, and 9.1% >2. Mortality at one month and one year after surgery was 5.3% and 14.4% respectively. Forty-three complications were recorded, of which 31 were medical complications. Of the 27 patients who died in the first year, 14 (51.8%) suffered complications, 48.2% of which were medical complications. DISCUSSION: Multivariate analysis showed significant differences with respect to age, medical complications and Charlson index abbreviated to 2 with respect to mortality. There is no association between delay and surgical time with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: No association was demonstrated between the surgical parameters studied (surgical delay and time, fracture pattern and stability, reduction criteria, surgical complications) and increased short and long-term mortality. Patients with older age, comorbidities measured with abbreviated CCI and those suffering medical complications have a higher risk of mortality at the month and year of surgery

Influence of surgical parameters on mortality after surgery for extracapsular hip fractures in the elderly. / Influencia de parámetros quirúrgicos en la mortalidad tras cirugía de fracturas extracapsulares de cadera en el paciente anciano.

INTRODUCTION: Hip fracture is a very frequent traumatic pathology in the elderly with high mortality. Different factors have been associated with mortality after surgery (age comorbidities). There are surgical factors that are associated with mortality, but they have not been related to the different mortality rates and medical comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the surgical parameters with influence on mortality in surgery of extracapsular hip fractures in the elderly patient, as well as the influence of medical comorbidities of these patients on mortality, by means of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). METHOD: Retrospective review of 187 patients operated on in 2015. Data were collected on age and sex, laterality and type of fracture; surgical delay, surgical time, type of osteosynthesis material, mean stay. The presence of comorbidities was determined using the JRC. RESULTS: Mean age was 85 years. Regarding the Charlson comorbidity index in brief, 67.4% of patients had a score between 0 and 1, 23.5% of 2, and 9.1% >2. Mortality at one month and one year after surgery was 5.3% and 14.4% respectively. Forty-three complications were recorded, of which 31 were medical complications. Of the 27 patients who died in the first year, 14 (51.8%) suffered complications, 48.2% of which were medical complications. DISCUSSION: Multivariate analysis showed significant differences with respect to age, medical complications and Charlson index abbreviated to 2 with respect to mortality. There is no association between delay and surgical time with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS: No association was demonstrated between the surgical parameters studied (surgical delay and time, fracture pattern and stability, reduction criteria, surgical complications) and increased short and long-term mortality. Patients with older age, comorbidities measured with abbreviated CCI and those suffering medical complications have a higher risk of mortality at the month and year of surgery.