Task and ecologically based assessment of upper-limb passive function before and after botulinum injections in adults with stroke using the Upper-Limb Performance Assessment: French cross-cultural adaptation and feasibility pilot study.

PURPOSE: To test feasibility of a French translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Upper-Limb Performance Assessment (ULPA) for task and ecologically based assessment of individualized passive function of upper-limb (UL) performance in adults treated with botulinum toxin-A. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case series with seven adults with stroke (29-74 years) for spastic hypertonia management with passive use objectives (hygiene or positioning) established through Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS). Scores on ULPA Task Performance Mastery (TPM) were obtained through clinical and home-based performances before and after treatment. RESULTS: Time administration per task ranged from 5-10 min. Median (range) ULPA, Task Performance Mastery (ULPA-TPM) scores pre-intervention of 58 mastery (35-71) improved to 75 (58-88). Tau-U demonstrated significant large effect sizes (≥.65) for five participants. Complementary measures demonstrated improvement of passive performance for five participants and improvements in GAS for six participants. Testing indicates excellent intra-rater (ICC = 0.90) and moderate inter-rater (ICC = 0.64) reliability, with SDC of 10.16 and 18.23%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: French use of ULPA is a promising standardized, objective and ecologically based assessment of passive performance in adults with stroke. Preliminary findings after TCCA support feasibility for measurement of individualized goals for UL passive use. Future studies may explore other tasks and environments. Implications for rehabilitationULPA is a performance-based, criterion-referenced and ecological measure of individualized goals based on task-analysis of upper-limb (UL) performance in real-life situations providing an interest for individualized assessment of activity and participation.The measure provides a standardized and quantitative approach, applicable to passive use of UL across environments, promoting ecological validity of assessment.Preliminary data will support clinical interpretation of change before and after botulinum injections of UL passive performance.Access to a transculturally validated French version of ULPA complements standardized assessment of UL impairment, perceived performance and goal attainment.

Being "False Positive": An "Inconvenience"? Debates and Questions Regarding the Notion of Vaccine-Induced Seropositivity (VISP) in the Recruitment of Healthy Volunteers for a Preventive Anti-HIV Vaccine Trial.

This article considers a stage in the clinical trial process seldom documented in social sciences: recruitment of healthy volunteers for an HIV preventive vaccine trial through a media campaign. It analyzes one of the consequences of participating in such a clinical trial: the development of vaccine-induced seropositivity (VISP) and how this biomedical notion is mobilized both in recruitment procedures' normative discourses and from the volunteers' points of view, and its consequences on their decision to participate. The interpretations of VISP by volunteers depend on several factors: socialization, itinerary into the recruitment procedure, sexuality, etc., and generates diverse feelings such as indifference, doubt, or even fear. Fear of VISP represents the principal refusal reason for those who interrupted their participating step, just before inclusion stage. Addressing VISP phenomenon is important because it represents a major challenge for the information and the communication procedures for the next anti-HIV prophylactic trials recruitment campaigns.