ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a low dose dexmedetomidine constant rate infusion (CRI) on cardiopulmonary function, inhalant anesthetic concentration and recovery in isoflurane anesthetized cats. In a prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled design, 12 cats undergoing anesthesia for ovariohysterectomy were administered hydromorphone (0.1mg/kg) intramuscularly, propofol (4.3-7.8mg/kg) intravenously and maintained with isoflurane. During isoflurane anesthesia, the cats were administered either a dexmedetomidine loading dose (0.5µg/kg) followed by a dexmedetomidine CRI (0.5µg/kg/h) (group LDD), or a saline loading dose followed by a saline CRI (group SAL). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, blood pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation (SpO2), end tidal carbon dioxide concentration (ETCO2), end tidal isoflurane concentration (ETISO) and anesthetic depth were recorded at nine time points (T0-T8). Overall effects (T1-8) and individual time point results were compared between groups. There were no significant differences in baseline variables (T0), age, weight, propofol dose, anesthesia and surgery time, time to extubation or recovery score between groups. Among the physiological variables measured, significant differences were observed in respiratory rate, ETCO2, and mean and diastolic blood pressure, between groups at individual time points. Systolic blood pressure, HR, SpO2, ETISO and temperature were not significantly different between groups at individual time points. Overall, ETCO2 and ETISO were significantly lower and respiratory rate was significantly higher for LDD compared to SAL. At the doses administered, a CRI of dexmedetomidine reduced isoflurane requirements in anesthetized cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. The utility of a low dose dexmedetomidine CRI in the perioperative setting requires further investigation, since intraoperative cardiopulmonary values during dexmedetomidine infusion were not different from those receiving saline.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage , Cats/surgery , Dexmedetomidine/pharmacology , Infusions, Intravenous/veterinary , Respiratory Rate/drug effects , Anesthesia, Inhalation/veterinary , Animals , Blood Gas Analysis/veterinary , Dexmedetomidine/administration & dosage , Female , Heart Rate/drug effects , Hysterectomy/veterinary , Isoflurane/administration & dosage , Ovariectomy/veterinary , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
These studies were designed to demonstrate the structural and functional similarity of murine branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase and its regulation by the complex-specific kinase. Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence for the kinase cDNA demonstrate a highly conserved coding sequence between mouse and human. Tissue-specific expression in adult mice parallels that reported in other mammals. Kinase expression in female liver is influenced by circadian rhythm. Of special interest is the fluctuating expression of this kinase during embryonic development against the continuing increase in the catalytic subunits of this mitochondrial complex during development. The need for regulation of the branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex by kinase expression during embryogenesis is not understood. However, the similarity of murine branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase and its kinase to the human enzyme supports the use of this animal as a model for the human system.
Subject(s)
DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification , Embryonic and Fetal Development/genetics , Ketone Oxidoreductases/biosynthesis , Ketone Oxidoreductases/genetics , Multienzyme Complexes/biosynthesis , Multienzyme Complexes/genetics , 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide) , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Base Sequence , Blotting, Western , Cloning, Molecular , Enzyme Activation/genetics , Female , Ketone Oxidoreductases/metabolism , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Molecular Sequence Data , Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism , Organ Specificity/genetics , Transcription, GeneticABSTRACT
STUDY DESIGN: This study analyzed improvements in cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength after a 6-week work hardening program. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to document fitness gains after a 6-week work hardening program. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Studies expounded on the success of a functional restoration approach in return-to-work rates, but few documented the physical fitness gains of a work hardening program. METHODS: Thirty-one subjects from the Rehability Center in Lubbock, Texas, who were diagnosed with lower back dysfunction, completed the 6-week study. A submaximal cycle ergometer protocol was used to determine patients' cardiovascular fitness levels, and the Arcon Static Strength Testing Device was used to measure static strength. Pre- and post-tests were identical. RESULTS: A paired Student's t test was used to analyze the significance of difference from pre- to post-testing. For cardiovascular fitness there was a 28% improvement, t(29) = 5.56, P < 0.001; there was a 76% improvement for the static arm lift, t(29) = 7.86, P < 0.001; there was a 57% improvement in the static pull, t(29) = 9.53, P < 0.001; and an 89% improvement in the static push, t(29) = 9.08, P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Analyzed data clearly show a marked improvement in cardiovascular and muscular fitness. There was not a difference in fitness levels between those who returned to work and those who did not, which suggests return-to-work rates are not entirely based on level of fitness.
