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1.
Med Sci (Paris) ; 37(1): 89-96, 2021 Jan.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33492224

ABSTRACT

TITLE: Faire du commun dans les sciences - Conflictualités et pluralisme à l'épreuve des essais cliniques COVID-19. ABSTRACT: La crise de la COVID-19 s'est ouverte sur un déficit de moyens thérapeutiques permettant de lutter efficacement contre cette maladie pour les cas les plus graves et sur de nombreuses initiatives visant à mettre en évidence un traitement efficace. Si différentes options ont été explorées, parmi lesquelles la transfusion de plasma de patients guéris, la lutte contre les mécanismes immunitaires déclenchant une réponse trop forte (les orages cytokiniques) ou, à moyen terme, la vaccination, ce sont dans un premier temps surtout les médicaments antiviraux qui ont nourri les espoirs. Après l'identification d'un certain nombre de principes actifs montrant des effets in vitro, il s'agissait d'obtenir rapidement des réponses quant à leurs effets bénéfiques in vivo et aux risques induits. Aussi, s'est-on senti en droit d'attendre que la science nous apporte les connaissances nécessaires sur ces médicaments, qu'elle nous parle, une fois sollicitée, de manière claire et d'une seule voix ; et cela, dans une situation d'urgence où la synchronisation des rythmes de la recherche et du soin n'a rien d'une évidence.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/therapy , Clinical Protocols/standards , Clinical Trials as Topic/methods , Clinical Trials as Topic/standards , Cultural Diversity , Antiviral Agents/isolation & purification , Antiviral Agents/supply & distribution , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Bias , COVID-19/epidemiology , Clinical Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Community Networks/standards , History, 21st Century , Humans , Immunization, Passive/methods , Immunization, Passive/standards , Pandemics , Reference Standards , SARS-CoV-2/physiology , COVID-19 Serotherapy
2.
Soins ; 64(837): 56-59, 2019.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31345313

ABSTRACT

Contemporary rhetoric regarding innovation is particularly zealous, characterised by notions of expectation and promise. Ethics in care ensure that we now have at our disposal certain antidotes to resist, or even revoke, the possibility of a self-proclaimed innovation and encourage critical analysis.


Subject(s)
Antidotes , Diffusion of Innovation , Ethics, Medical , Humans
3.
J Int Bioethique Ethique Sci ; 28(3): 63-79, 2017 Oct 27.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29561101

ABSTRACT

In this article, we propose a critical approach to the big data phenomenon by deconstructing the methodological principle that structures its logic : the principle of aggregation. Our hypothesis is upstream of the critics who make the use of big data a new mode of government. Aggregation, as a mode of processing the heterogeneity of data, structures the thinking big data, it is its very logic. Fragmentation in order to better aggregate, to aggregate to better fragment, a dialectic based on a presumption of generalized aggregability and on the claim to make aggregation the preferred route for the production of new syntheses. We proceed in three steps to deconstruct this idea and undo the claim of aggregation to assert itself as a new way to produce knowledge, as a new synthesis of identity and finally as a new model of solidarity. Each time we show that these attempts at aggregation fail to produce their objects : no knowledge, no identity, no solidarity can result from a process of amalgamation. In all three cases, aggregation is always accompanied by a moment of fragmentation whose dissociation, dislocation and separation are different figures. The bet we are making then is to make hesitate what presents itself as a new way of thinking man and the world.


Subject(s)
Data Mining , Data Collection , Data Mining/ethics , Knowledge , Politics
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