ABSTRACT
Visfatin is an adipocytokine and a potential biomarker encoded by the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase gene. It belongs to the nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase family and involved in various metabolic processes and aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of visfatin biomarker in oral diseases like periodontitis. A total of 60 patients (20-50 years) were included in this study, and they were divided into three groups. Group I consisted of 20 subjects with healthy periodontium, group II consisted of 20 subjects with generalized moderate gingivitis, and group III consisted of 20 subjects with generalized periodontitis. The clinical periodontal parameters, including plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels, were recorded, and saliva samples were collected. Salivary visfatin concentrations were assessed using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of the study showed that the visfatin concentrations were higher in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis compared with those of healthy individuals. Visfatin was found highest in group III (38.22 ± 3.38 ng/mL) followed by group II (26.66 ± 2.24 ng/mL) and the group I (25.60 ± 2.19 ng/mL). Thus, salivary visfatin is a potential inflammatory biomarker and acts as a mediator in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and, might serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in oral diseases like periodontitis.
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Several studies have recommended the use of lasers in treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. These materials have been used alone or in combination with an active desensitizing agent. AIMS: The present study aimed to evaluate the use of 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel and 810 nm diode laser when used alone and when used together on exposed dentinal tubules. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Sixty-one extracted teeth were sectioned with a diamond saw and dentin slices were prepared. They were then treated with 37% orthophosphoric acid to remove the smear layer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One of the 61 sections was left as an untreated control, whereas the remaining sixty sections were divided into three groups of twenty sections each. The first set of sections (Group 1) was treated with laser alone, whereas the second set (Group 2) was treated with APF alone. A third set of sections (Group 3) was treated with a combination of laser and APF. The sectioned teeth were then evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy, and the percentage of dentinal tubule occlusion was observed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was performed to check for the normal distribution of data, whereas the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the mean percentage of dentinal tubule occlusion between the three groups. The Chi-square test was used to compare the number of images with complete tubular occlusion between the three groups. RESULTS: A total of 96 images were processed from the sixty sectioned samples. It was seen that the sections in Group 3 showed the highest percentage of dentinal tubule occlusion. Group 3 also showed the highest number of samples with complete dentinal tubule occlusion. Significantly lesser levels of dentinal tubule occlusion were seen in Groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: Diode lasers were effective in occluding dentinal tubules. The addition of 1.23% APF significantly increased the efficacy and thoroughness of dentinal tubule occlusion. Significantly lesser levels of dentinal tubule occlusion were seen in the sections treated with laser alone and APF alone.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To compare treatment modalities: Open flap debridement (OFD) alone (Group I), OFD in combination with PerioGlas® (Group II), and OFD in combination with autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) (Group III) for periodontal intrabony defects (IBDs). AIM: To evaluate on clinical and radiographic basis, effectiveness of PerioGlas®, and PRF in treating IBDs. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: IBDs selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to Groups I, II, and III by coin toss method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on patients reporting to the department of periodontology and oral implantology. Thirty-eight patients with ninety periodontal IBDs of moderate to severe periodontitis were selected and assigned to Groups I, II, and III. In each patient, a minimum number of two sextants were present with pocket depths ≥5 mm in at least three teeth. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis based on mean values, standard deviation, and P values. RESULTS: Compared to baseline, 9 months postoperatively: (1) mean probing pocket depth reduction for Group I was 3.68 mm ± 0.72, for Group II was 5.57 mm ± 1.10, and for Group III was 6.11 mm ± 0.92. (2) The mean relative attachment level gain for Group I was 4.14 mm ± 0.76, for Group II was 6.57 mm ± 1.45, and for Group III was 6.74 mm ± 1.55. (3) Mean radiographic IBD fill for Group I was 69.29% mm ± 7.73, for Group II was 74.44% mm ± 8.57, and for Group III was 75.01% mm ± 7.85. CONCLUSION: This study shows marked improvements in the clinical parameters and radiographic outcomes with both PerioGlas® and autologous PRF to treat periodontal IBDs as compared to OFD alone.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate by clinical and microbiological parameters the effect of subgingival irrigation with propolis extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, each presenting three non-adjacent teeth with deep pockets, were selected. Subgingival plaque sampling and clinical recording (at baseline) and scaling and root planing was performed. Two weeks later the selected periodontal sites were submitted to one of the following treatments: Irrigation with a hydroalcoholic solution of propolis extract twice a week for 2 weeks (group A); irrigation with a placebo twice a week for 2 weeks (group B); or no additional treatment (group C). Clinical and microbiological data was collected at baseline and after 4, 6, and 8 weeks. RESULTS: A decrease in the total viable counts of anaerobic bacteria (P=.007), an increase in the proportion of sites with low levels (≤105 cfu/mL) of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P=.044), and an increase in the number of sites negative for bleeding on probing was observed in group A sites as compared to group B and C sites. CONCLUSION: Subgingival irrigation with propolis extract as an adjuvant to periodontal treatment was more effective than scaling and root planing as assessed by clinical and microbiological parameters.
