Darwin vai ao divã: Uma revisão sistemática de literatura em publicações brasileiras / Darwin goes to the couch: A systematic literature review in brazilian publications

Este artigo objetiva identificar, contextualizar e analisar evidências e impacto do evolucionismo darwiniano na obra de Sigmund Freud, na literatura especializada nacional nas últimas duas décadas. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi empreendida, em conformidade com as orientações metodológicas PRISMA, valendo-se, para tanto, de palavras-chave selecionadas, posteriormente empregadas na pesquisa conduzida em sete base de dados distintas. Após seleção, chegou-se a uma amostra final composta por dezesseis artigos de relevância. De acordo com os resultados, evidencia-se: evolucionismo darwiniano como um recurso na escrita da obra freudiana; utilização da história evolutiva ou história filogenética como justificativa das elaborações de Freud; teoria darwiniana como meio para compreensão da origem de sintomas e estados psíquicos; uso da figura representativa de Darwin.

This paper aims to identify, contextualize, and analyze the evidence and impact of Darwinian evolutionism in the work of Sigmund Freud, in the national specialized literature in the last of two decades. A systematic review of the literature was carried out, in accordance to the PRISMA methodological guidelines, using selected keywords, which were later used in the research conducted in seven different databases. After selection, a final sample was made up of sixteen articles of relevance. According to the results, it is evidenced: Darwinian evolutionism as a resource in the writing of Freud's work; use of the evolutionary history or phylogenetic history as justification for Freud's elaborations; Darwinian theory as a means for understanding the origin of symptoms and psychic states; use of the representative figure of Darwin.

Body reification in imaginarization / A reificação do corpo na imaginarização

RESUMO: Propõe-se uma relação entre a reificação do corpo e o processo de imaginarização. Imaginarização é uma noção apenas aludida na obra de Lacan. Propõe-se uma leitura acerca de apresentações clínicas nas quais prevalece um estado depressivo neurótico. Hipótese: nessas situações, o sujeito parece reduzir-se ao próprio corpo, como resposta a certas exigências da cultura contemporânea. Busca-se lançar luz sobre o automatismo do gozo do corpo no circuito pulsional. Por meio da noção de imaginarização, destaca-se um enquadramento particular que o sujeito dá ao gozo, ao invés de posicionar-se como faltante na relação com o Outro.

Abstract: We propose a relationship between the reification of the body and the process of imaginarization. Imaginarization is a notion only alluded to in Lacan's work. We propose a reading about clinical presentations in which a neurotic depressive state prevails. The hypothesis: in these situations, the subject seems to be reduced to his own body, in response to certain demands of contemporary culture. Thus, we seek to shed light on the automatism of the jouissance of the body in the drive circuit. Through the notion of imaginarization, it is possible to highlight a particular framework that the subject gives to jouissance, instead of positioning themselves as lacking in the relationship with the Other.

Seasonal variation in the chemical composition and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti L. of essential oils from Brazilian Amazon.

Arthropod-borne viral diseases are important public health threats in tropical countries. In the Americas, diseases such as Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya, Mayaro, and Yellow fever, which are mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti L. are responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality in the populations. The incidence of those viruses has increased in the last few years, due to the decrease of vector control programs, as well as, the resistance of this vector in front of many products that have been used in this proposal. Plant-based products such as essential oils are a promising alternative for Ae. aegypti control. In this context, the present work aims to investigate the seasonality effect on the larvicidal potential and safety of essential oils from 4 endemic plants of the Brazilian Amazon, as well as to verify their larvicidal activity and safety. The species were collected in the rainy and dry periods (Eugenia uniflora L., Lantana camara L., Ocimum basilicum L., Plectranthus neochilus Schlrt.). The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The larvicidal activity was performed according to the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization. The safety of the oil use was evaluated against two non-target organisms: Artemia salina Leach and Danio rerio Hamilton Buchanan. Essential oils of E. uniflora, L. camara, O. basilicum, P. neochilus, presented as major compounds, in both collection periods, the substances Curzerene, Germacrene D, Methyl chavicol and, Caryophyllene, respectively. However, showed a qualitative and quantitative variation of this composition. All oils showed promising results against Ae. aegypti larvae with LC50 between 41.7 and 275.8 µg/mL. They were efficient against Ae. aegypti but showed high toxicity to non-target organisms, requiring additional safety studies. Despite these results showing that those essential oils are not ideal larvicides because they presented toxicity to non-target organisms, bioprospection is a promising tool to help reduce the dissemination of arboviruses, and they can use in artificial breeders of Ae. aegypti larvae, where water will not be reused for human consumption or have other cohabiting organisms.

Molluscicidal and cercaricidal activities of the essential oil of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants: Implications for the control of schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis is one of the most important tropical diseases. A fundamental strategy to control its spread is the use of natural products against its vectors, which are snails of the genus Biomphalaria. The present study evaluated the chemical composition, the molluscicidal and cercaricidal effects, and the ecotoxicity of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (DAEO). The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Molluscicidal and cercaricidal activities were determined by the immersion method. Environmental toxicity was assessed from bioassays using Artemia salina larvae and Danio rerio fish. DAEO presented a 0.8% yield. The GC-MS analysis revealed the predominance of hydrocarbon monoterpenes in the oil. A total of 32 constituents was identified, with α-terpinene (50.69%) being the major compound, followed by p-cymene (13.27%) and ascaridole (10.26%). DAEO was active against adult Biomphalaria glabrata snails and demonstrated lethal effect against Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, with LC50 values of 25.2 (22.7-27.8) and 62.4 (61.8-62.9) µg/mL, respectively. Regarding toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms, the oil showed LC50 values of 86.9 (84.7-87.6) and 18.6 µg/mL (15.5-22.8) for A. salina and D. rerio, respectively. DAEO proved to be a promising natural product for the control of schistosomiasis, acting on both the vectors and the etiological agent of the disease. However, the use of the oil is safer in transmission sites where there are no non-target organisms, as it has showed toxicity to D. rerio fish.

A noção lacaniana de imaginarização: a clínica psicanalítica e seus desdobramentos no social / Lacan's notion of imaginarization: The psychoanalytic clinic and its social developments / La concept lacanien d'imaginarisation: la clinique psychanalytique et son déploiement dans le social / La noción lacaniana de imaginarización: la clínica psicoanalítica y sus consecuencias en lo social

Este ensaio teórico-clínico aborda a noção de imaginarização, apenas mencionada por Lacan em três passagens de sua obra, a fim de compreender algumas manifestações clínicas e processos de segregação contemporâneos. A hipótese é de que a imaginarização é o cerne de uma operação que pode conduzir o sujeito a um modo específico e fixado de gozo. A questão principal é o tipo de relação com o objeto a e o que pode derivar desse processo no que diz respeito à economia de gozo. Aborda-se o discurso contemporâneo, sublinhando modos de gozo que podem derivar desse processo. Como se trata de manifestações sintomáticas contemporâneas na clínica, demonstram-se derivações do singular (registro por excelência da clínica psicanalítica) ao particular, no engate do sujeito com o laço social.

This theoretical-clinical essay discusses the notion of imaginarization, mentioned by Lacan in only three passages of his oeuvre, to understand certain contemporary clinical manifestations and segregation processes. It hypothesizes that imaginarization is at the core of an activity that can lead the subject to a fixed and specific mode of jouissance. The main question is the type of relationship with object a and what can be derived from this process regarding the economy of jouissance. Contemporary discourse is considered, emphasizing the modes of jouissance that can emerge from this process. In dealing with contemporary symptomatic manifestations in the clinic, the texts point to derivations from the singular (a quintessential register of the psychoanalytic clinic) to the particular, in the subject's relations with social discourse.

Cet essai théorico-clinique traite du concept d'imaginarisation, évoquée par Lacan dans trois passages de son œuvre, afin de comprendre quelques manifestations cliniques et processus de ségrégation contemporains. Nous supposons que l'imaginarisation est au cœur d'une opération qui peut conduire le sujet à un mode de jouissance spécifique et figé. La question principale est le type de relation avec l'objet a et ce que l'on peut déduire de ce processus concernant l'économie de la jouissance. Nous discutons du discours contemporain, nous concentrant sur les modes de jouissance qui peuvent résulter de ce processus. En traitant des manifestations symptomatiques contemporaines dans la clinique, nous démontrons des dérivations du singulier (registre par excellence de la clinique psychanalytique) au particulier, dans le rapport du sujet au lien social.

Este ensayo teórico-clínico discute la noción de imaginarización mencionada por Lacan solo en tres momentos de su obra, con el fin de comprender algunas manifestaciones clínicas y procesos de segregación contemporáneos. Se plantea la hipótesis de que la imaginarización está en el centro de una operación que puede llevar al sujeto a un modo de goce específico y fijo. La cuestión principal es el tipo de relación con el objeto a y lo qué se puede derivar de este proceso con respecto a la economía del goce. Se aborda el discurso contemporáneo enfatizando los modos de goce que pueden derivarse de este proceso. Dado que son manifestaciones sintomáticas contemporáneas en la clínica, se evidencian las derivaciones del singular (registro por excelencia de la clínica psicoanalítica) a lo particular, en la relación del sujeto con el lazo social.

Molluscicidal activity of monoterpenes and their effects on inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity on Biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni.

The molluscicidal action of essential oils have been attributed to the most prevalent terpene compounds. However, molluscicidal properties, mode of action, and toxicity to non-target organisms remain unclear. In this study, the molluscicidal potential of four monoterpenes (camphor, thymol, α-pinene, and 1,8-cineole) against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, was analyzed. The molluscicide activity of each monoterpene was assessed by the standardized test of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the monoterpenes considered active against B. glabrata were analyzed as inhibitors of the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) extracted from snails. In addition, acute toxicity to non-target organisms was assessed against Danio rerio fish. The results show that camphor and 1,8-cineole monoterpenes did not induce snail mortality. Thymol and α-pinene were active against B. glabrata, inducing mortality in concentration-dependent patterns and showing a lethal effect in concentrations compatible with that recommended by the WHO (LC90 of 7.11 and LC90 10.34 µg ∙ mL-1, respectively). The toxic action of thymol and α-pinene on snails indicates that these monoterpenes may account for or largely contribute to the molluscicidal activity of essential oils that contain them as major compounds. Thymol and α-pinene inhibit the AChE of B. glabrata at concentrations higher than those used in the molluscicide test. These monoterpenes show low toxicity to non-target organisms compared to the commercial molluscicide niclosamide. Knowledge about monoterpene toxicity against B. glabrata contributes to its potential use in molluscicidal formulations and in alternatives to the control of snails that host intermediate S. mansoni, a crucial action in the prevention and transmission of schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease.

Assessment of the biological potential of diaryltriazene-derived triazene compounds.

In the present study, novel, 1,3-diaryltriazene-derived triazene compounds were synthesized and tested. Triazenes are versatile and belong to a group of alkylating agents with interesting physicochemical properties and proven biological activities. This study describes the synthesis, molecular and crystalline structure, biological activity evaluation, and antifungal and antimicrobial potentials of 1,3-bis(X-methoxy-Y-nitrophenyl)triazenes [X = 2 and 5; Y = 4 and 5]. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the compounds were tested by evaluating the sensitivity of bacteria (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC) and clinical isolates to their solutions using standardized microbiological assays, cytotoxicity evaluation, and ecotoxicity tests. The antimicrobial potentials of triazenes were determined according to their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs); these compounds were active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with low MIC values. The most surprising result was obtained for T3 having the effective MIC of 9.937 µg/mL and antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 90028, C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, and C. tropicallis IC. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report promising activities of triazene compounds against yeast and filamentous fungi. The results showed the potential utility of triazenes as agents affecting selected resistant bacterial and fungal strains.

Anti-Ehrlichia properties of the dichloromethane fraction of Ageratum conyzoides associated with doxycycline: In vitro study / Propriedades anti-Ehrlichia da fração diclorometânica de Ageratum conyzoides associada com doxiciclina: estudo in vitro

ABSTRACT: The increasing number of cases of canine ehrlichiosis caused by Ehrlichia canis in hospitals and veterinary clinics has demonstrated the need for a new drug protocol for this disease. Doxycycline is used to treat ehrlichiosis, but the resistance of the microorganism to this treatment protocol, as well as the various side effects to the animals, has become a concern. Several studies have shown a positive interaction with extracts of plants and drugs, which allow for the reduction of the concentration necessary to produce the desired effect, minimizing adverse effects. This study determined the efficiency of the combination of the dichloromethane (DCM) fraction of Ageratum conyzoides L. with anti-Ehrlichia activity and doxycycline by using the checkerboard assay. Plant material was collected in São Luís, northeastern Brazil, followed by extraction in MeOH: H2O (8:2) and partitioning of the DCM fraction. After determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the fraction under study against DH82 cells infected with Ehrlichia canis, it was combined with doxycycline to derive the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (CIF Index). A reduction of 5.83 times the doxycycline minimum inhibitory concentration was observed, showing that this fraction of A. conyzoides composed predominantly by the class of lignans, identified by mass spectrometry notably intensified the activity of doxycycline against E. canis, resulting in a synergistic effect.

RESUMO: O crescente número de casos de erliquiose canina por Ehrlichia canis em hospitais e clínicas veterinárias tem demonstrado a necessidade de um novo protocolo de medicamentos para essa doença. A doxiciclina é usada para tratar a erliquiose, mas a resistência do microrganismo a esse protocolo de tratamento, bem como os diversos efeitos colaterais para os animais, tornou-se uma preocupação. Vários estudos têm demonstrado interação positiva com extratos de plantas e fármacos, que permitem a redução da concentração necessária para produzir o efeito desejado, minimizando os efeitos adversos. Este estudo determinou a eficiência da combinação da fração diclorometânica (DCM) de Ageratum conyzoides L. com atividade anti-Ehrlichia canis associada com doxiciclina por meio do ensaio de Checkerboard. O material vegetal foi coletado em São Luís, Maranhão, nordeste do Brasil, seguido pela extração em MeOH:H2O (8:2) e partição da fração diclorometânica. Após a determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) da fração em estudo frente às células DH82 infectadas com Ehrlichia canis, a mesma foi combinada com a doxiciclina para derivação do Índice de Concentração Inibitória da Fração (Índice CIF). Observou-se uma redução de 5,83 vezes a concentração inibitória mínima da doxiciclina mostrando que esta fração de A. conyzoides, composta predominantemente por lignanas identificadas por espectrometria de massas, notavelmente intensificou a atividade desse fármaco contra E. canis, resultando em um efeito sinérgico.

Essential oils and their chemical constituents against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae.

This review focused on the toxicity of essential oils and their constituents against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera, Culicidae) larvae, a key vector of important arboviral diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever. This review is based on original articles obtained by searching major databases in the last six years. Our literature review shows that 337 essential oils from 225 plant species have been tested for larvicidal bioactivity. More than 60% of these essential oils were considered active (LC50<100 µg/mL). Most species belong to the families Lamiaceae (19.3%), Lauraceae (9.9%), and Myrtaceae (9.4%). The plants studied for their larvicidal activity against A. aegypti were mainly collected in India and Brazil (30 and 20%, respectively) and the parts of the plants most used were the leaves. Less than 10% of essential oils were evaluated for toxicity against non-target organisms and with the aim to demonstrate safe use. The most used plant parts are leaves and the main compounds of essential oils were described. The most active essential oils are rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and monoterpene hydrocarbons. Here, factors affecting bioactivity (chemical composition, plant parts, and harvesting site) of essential oils and their constituents, as well as safety to non-target organisms are discussed. Essential oils have considerable potential against A. aegypti. This review shows that essential oils might be used to control arboviruses, and further studies on safety and formulations for application in the field should be performed.

Essential oils as molluscicidal agents against schistosomiasis transmitting snails - a review.

This review aims to describe essential oils with bioactivity on adult snails of the genera Bulinus and Biomphalaria, which are intermediate hosts of schistosomes, and brings together information relating to the importance of molluscicides and the chemical composition and toxicity of such oils for other aquatic species. Analysis of the data of original articles revealed that 50 essential oils obtained from 46 plant species were evaluated for molluscicidal activity against the genera cited. More than 80% of the volatile oils studied were active, according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (LC90 or LC100 ≤100 µg/mL or LC50 <40 µg/mL), and most of the oils came from plants belonging to the Rutaceae, Lamiaceae and Pinaceae. Around 37% of the surveyed plant species were obtained in Brazil and 88% of these plants were collected in the northeast of the country, a region with a high prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni. The essential oils with the highest toxicity against host snails had high levels of hydrocarbon monoterpenes and oxygenated monoterpenes, which may be responsible for the molluscicidal activity. Some volatile components were subjected to molluscicidal evaluation, and the monoterpene compounds exhibited a significant molluscicide effect. This review confirmed the importance of essential oils as a promising alternative for the development of natural molluscicide products. However, in order to be safe for use at sites where schistosome intermediate hosts are found, information on ecotoxicity is required and, to date, few oils have been tested against non-target aquatic species.

Psicologia do Desenvolvimento: uma subárea da Psicologia ou uma nova ciência? / Developmental Psychology: a sub-area of Psychology or a new science?

O estudo sobre o desenvolvimento humano, por parte da Psicologia, se revela a partir de um panorama complexo e, por vezes, anárquico que contempla amplo leque de perspectivas. O que marca a alteridade desse campo do saber? O objetivo do presente artigo é compreender de que maneira surge a Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, demarcando condições de seu advento por meio de uma revisão não sistemática de literatura. Não há distinções significativas, do ponto de vista histórico e até mesmo gerencial, em Programas de Pós-Graduação no Brasil, entre Psicologia e Psicologia do Desenvolvimento. Por outro lado, Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Psicologia Educacional são historicamente entrelaçadas. Encontram-se, também mais recentemente, esforços de destacar a Psicologia do Desenvolvimento do campo da Psicologia através da delimitação de objetos e métodos próprios, inserindo-se numa perspectiva não disciplinar como Ciência do Desenvolvimento.

The psychologist study of human development is revealed from a complex and sometimes anarchic panorama contemplating a wide range of perspectives. What marks the otherness of this field of knowledge? The aim of the present study is to understand how Developmental Psychology came up, marking its conditions of advent through a non-systematic literature review. We conclude that there are almost no distinction between Psychology and Developmental Psychology, from the historical and even managerial point of view in Graduate Programs in Brazil. On the other hand, Developmental Psychology and Educational Psychology are historically interlaced. More recently, there have also been efforts to separate the Developmental Psychology of the field of Psychology through a delimitation of its own objects and methods, inserting it among a non-disciplinary perspective, such as Science Development.

Psicologia do Desenvolvimento: uma subárea da Psicologia ou uma nova ciência? / Developmental Psychology: a sub-area of Psychology or a new science?

O estudo sobre o desenvolvimento humano, por parte da Psicologia, se revela a partir de um panorama complexo e, por vezes, anárquico que contempla amplo leque de perspectivas. O que marca a alteridade desse campo do saber? O objetivo do presente artigo é compreender de que maneira surge a Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, demarcando condições de seu advento por meio de uma revisão não sistemática de literatura. Não há distinções significativas, do ponto de vista histórico e até mesmo gerencial, em Programas de Pós-Graduação no Brasil, entre Psicologia e Psicologia do Desenvolvimento. Por outro lado, Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Psicologia Educacional são historicamente entrelaçadas. Encontram-se, também mais recentemente, esforços de destacar a Psicologia do Desenvolvimento do campo da Psicologia através da delimitação de objetos e métodos próprios, inserindo-se numa perspectiva não disciplinar como Ciência do Desenvolvimento.

The psychologist study of human development is revealed from a complex and sometimes anarchic panorama contemplating a wide range of perspectives. Whatmarks the otherness of this field of knowledge? The aim of the present study is to understand how Developmental Psychology came up, marking its conditions of advent through a non-systematic literature review. We conclude that there are almost no distinction between Psychology and Developmental Psychology, from the historical and even managerial point of view in Graduate Programs in Brazil. On the other hand, Developmental Psychology and Educational Psychology are historically interlaced. More recently, there have also been efforts to separate the Developmental Psychology of the field of Psychology through a delimitation of its own objects and methods, inserting it among a non-disciplinary perspective, such as Science Development.

Anti-Ehrlichia properties of the essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides L. and its interaction with doxycycline.

Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease caused by the rickettsia organism Ehrlichia canis which is transmitted mainly the ixodid brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The prevalence of E. canis infection has been increasing in recent years. The World Health Organization has been warned about antibiotics resistance and one of the way to prevent this situation is found new compound with this property. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for this tick-borne disease. Adverse effects are noted in dogs that are sensitive to this drug. Antibiotic resistance may also occur. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-Ehrlichia properties of the essential oil of the aerial parts of Ageratum conyzoides L. in infected DH82 cells, as well as its anti-Ehrlichia activity associated with doxycycline using the checkerboard assay. A. conyzoides is a native plant from northeast Brazil with many reports of ethnopharmacological applications. The essential oil of A. conyzoides was extracted from the aerial parts of the plant using the hydrodistillation method. E. canis-infected DH82 cells were cultured in DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), maintained at 37 °C and 5% CO2, and standardized at a 70% infection rate for the initiation of treatment protocols. The tests were first carried out with the aim of defining the IC50. The combined effect of doxycycline and A. conyzoides essential oil was then determined using the checkerboard dilution technique (checkerboard method) in which the IC50 was 200 µg/mL. The doxycycline reduction index from the combined effect was 4.90 times resulting in a synergistic effect. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first alternative treatment (alternative therapy) based on bioactive molecules that have antibacterial activity against E. canis.

A Perspectiva Transdisciplinar da Psicanálise / The Transdisciplinary Perspective of Psychoanalysis

RESUMO Se a interdisciplinaridade foi condição necessária para a construção do campo psicanalítico, a transdisciplinaridade fornece elementos que justificam a pertinência da psicanálise como meio de produção de conhecimento na universidade. Ao estabelecer pontes com diferentes campos, fazendo aquele edifício teórico ser atravessado por marcas outras e modificar-se, Freud transmitiu uma verdadeira experiência, instituindo uma nova episteme. O artigo introduz o contexto de elaboração da obra freudiana e apresenta a hipótese de que há uma antecipação da interdisciplinaridade em Freud. Em seguida, apresenta os termos interdisciplinaridade e transdisciplinaridade. Por fim, defende a tese de que o estatuto da psicanálise corresponde mais à práxis transdisciplinar do que ao simples diálogo ou integração interdisciplinar.

ABSTRACT If interdisciplinarity was a necessary condition for the construction of the psychoanalytical field, transdisciplinarity provide evidence to justify the relevance of psychoanalysis as a mean of knowledge production at the university. By building bridges across different fields, while making other brands cross that theoretical edifice and be modified, Freud transmitted a true experience, instituting a new episteme. This article introduces the context of development of Freud's work and presents the hypothesis that there is an anticipation of interdisciplinarity in Freud. Then, it discusses the terms interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. Finally, it argues that the status of psychoanalysis corresponds more to transdisciplinary practice than the simple dialogue or interdisciplinary integration.

A pesquisa psicanalítica e suas relações com a universidade / Psychoanalytic research and its relations with the university

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o lugar da pesquisa em psicanálise no campo psicanalítico bem como na universidade. A psicanálise se constitui na dimensão de pesquisa, reformulando-se continuamente como atesta o legado de Freud. Uma parte das produções psicanalíticas na universidade brasileira (teses) foi analisada em seus métodos e referenciais teóricos para discutirmos a interface pesquisa, psicanálise e universidade. A diversidade de métodos, temas, autores e de articulações aos saberes diversos, aliada ao caráter de inacabamento, constitutivo do referencial psicanalítico, permite dizer que, na universidade, lócus tradicional da pesquisa, a psicanálise pode ser formulada e também reinventada.

This article aims to discuss the place of psychoanalytic research in the psychoanalytic field as well as at the university. Psychoanalysis constitutes in the dimension of research and reformulates continuously as evidenced by the legacy of Freud. A part of psychoanalytic productions in Brazilian universities (thesis) was analyzed in its methods and theoretical frameworks to discuss the interface research, psychoanalysis and university. The diversity of methods, themes, authors and articulations to several areas of knowledge, coupled with the character of incompleteness, constitutive of psychoanalysis, allows us to say that at the university, traditional research locus, psychoanalysis can be formulated and also reinvented.

Formação Médica na UFSB: III. Aprendizagem Orientada por Problemas e Competências / Medical Training at UFSB: III. Competency and Problem Based Learning

RESUMO O tema das reformas curriculares na educação médica brasileira tem sido bastante debatido na literatura especializada. Algumas reformas buscaram introduzir estratégias de aprendizagem ativas, porém com poucas mudanças efetivas. Em artigos anteriores, apresentamos o modelo geral de um curso médico baseado em regime de ciclos, proposto pela Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia. Neste artigo, submetemos ao debate o conjunto de estratégias pedagógicas estruturantes desse projeto. Primeiro, discutimos o conceito de "competência" articulado às demandas de uma formação ampliada, cidadã e profissional, incorporando tecnologias resolutivas ao cuidado humanizado e aos processos de trabalho em saúde. Em seguida, apresentamos instrumentos e metodologias ativas de aprendizagem que conformam a matriz de estratégias pedagógicas adotada pelo curso, baseada em quatro dispositivos centrais: Compromissos de Aprendizagem Significativa; Equipes de Aprendizagem Ativa; Sistema Integrado de Aprendizagem Compartilhada; Aprendizagem Orientada por Problemas e Competências. Tais dispositivos (e estratégias correlatas) promovem a aplicação de princípios e modelos de aprendizagem ativa e solidária em todas as etapas da formação, com uso intensivo de tecnologias digitais e mídias sociais. Discutimos fundamentos e perspectivas desse formato de organização pedagógico no que se refere à consistência com o modelo curricular da UFSB, enfatizando a estratégia de Aprendizagem Orientada por Problemas Concretos como eixo central de formação orientada pela prática de cuidados em saúde. Como ferramenta padronizada e dinâmica para acompanhamento de pacientes, adota-se o Prontuário Orientado por Problemas e Evidências (POPE), numa versão informatizada, mais adequada e eficiente que o modelo tradicional de prontuário, adaptada para uso nos diferentes contextos de prática clínica onde atua a UFSB. Esta proposta insere-se no esforço de construção de uma nova cultura pedagógica pautada numa perspectiva sociocrítica (intercultural, interepistêmica, interprofissional e interdisciplinar) da educação médica, capaz de articular, de forma indissociável, o sistema de formação em saúde aos de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, visando promover integralidade, humanização e resolutividade nas práticas de atenção à saúde. 310 palavras

ABSTRACT Curricular reforms in medical education has been much debated in the specialized Brazilian literature. Some reforms have sought to introduce active learning strategies, but with few effective changes. In previous articles, we have introduced the general model of a medical course based on cycles, proposed by the Federal University of Southern Bahia. In this article, we submit to debate the set of pedagogical strategies structuring this project. First, we discuss the concept of "competence" articulated to the demands of a broad professional citizen formation, incorporating effective technologies to humanized care and to labor processes in health. Then, we present learning tools and methodologies that conform a matrix of active pedagogical strategies adopted by the course, based on four central devices: Significant Learning Commitments; Active Learning Teams; Integrated Shared Learning System; Competency and Problem-Based Learning. Such devices (and related strategies) promote the application of strategies and instruments of active and solidary learning in all stages of training, with intensive use of digital technologies and social media. We discuss the fundamentals and perspectives of this pedagogical organization format, which refers to the consistency with the curricular model, emphasizing the strategy of learning oriented by concrete problems as the central axis of training guided by health care practices. As a standardized and dynamic tool for patient follow-up, the patient's record oriented by problems and evidence (POPE) is used, in a computerized version, more adequate and efficient than the traditional template, adapted for use in the different contexts of UFSB clinical practice. This proposal is part of the effort to build a new pedagogical culture based on a sociocritical (inter-cultural, inter-personal, interprofessional and interdisciplinary) perspective of medical education, capable of articulating, in an integrated way, the education system in health to those of science, technology and innovation, aiming to promote integrality, humanization and resolution in health care practices. 300 words

Percepções de egressos do bacharelado interdisciplinar no curso de psicologia da UFBA / Perceptions of interdisciplinary bachelors entering the psychology major at UFBA

Neste trabalho, analisam-se percepções construídas pelos egressos do Bacharelado Interdisciplinar de Humanidades (BI-H) na transição para o curso de Psicologia da UFBA a respeito da preparação e acesso à universidade e à experiência de ser estudante do BI. O modelo metodológico é o estudo de caso, sendo o caso a primeira turma de egressos de 2012. Foram entrevistados individualmente todos os 13 egressos daquela turma. Observou-se a importância atribuída à entrada no BI para escolha profissional, apesar do desconhecimento inicial sobre a proposta do BI, sua dinâmica e funcionamento. A experiência de ser estudante BI despertou o interesse pela formação interdisciplinar e o seguimento desse interesse na formação profissionalizante. Em que pesem os desafios do novo desenho curricular, a formação interdisciplinar foi percebida como positiva por todos os participantes e o crescimento pessoal-acadêmico gerado no BI foi reconhecidamente valorizado (AU).

We analyze perceptions constructed by undergraduate alumni of the Interdisciplinary Bachelor (BI) in Humanities during their transition to the Psychology major at UFBA, in regards to preparation and university entry as well as their experience as BI students. Taking the methodological model of Case Study, we interviewed entire class of 2012, formed by 13 individuals. The access to systematized psychological thinking before entering the psychology course was a positive experience. In addition, we noted that BI fulfills a socio-institutional function for professional choice consistent with the choice of a Psychology major. The Interdisciplinary Degree is described as a successful preparation for psychological theory. Despite the challenges brought on by the new curricular design, all subj (AU).

Analizamos percepciones construidas por estudiantes egresados del Grado Interdisciplinario en Humanidades durante su transición a la carrera de Psicología en la UFBA, en lo que respecta a la preparación y ingreso universitario, así como su experiencia como estudiantes de BI.Tomando el modelo metodológico de Estudio de Caso, hemos entrevistado a toda la clase de 2012, formada por 13 individuos. El acceso al pensamiento psicológico sistematizado antes de entrar en el curso de psicología fue una experiencia positiva. El BI cumple una función socio-institucional para la elección profesional consistente con la elección de una formación de Psicología. El Grado Interdisciplinario se describe como una preparación exitosa. A pesar del los desafíos planteados por el nuevo diseño curricular, la formación académica interdisciplinaria ha sido percibida como positiva por todos los sujetos de esta investigación (AU).

Molluscicidal effect of Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns latex on Biomphalaria glabrata, Schistosoma mansoni host snail.

Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns is an easily cultivated shrub, with occurrence in the tropical regions of the American and African continents. Chemical studies have revealed that the latex of this plant is rich in terpene compounds, which are highly toxic to snails Biomphalaria glabrata (Basommatophora: Planorbidae). The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and molluscicidal activity of the latex produced by E. umbellata, as well as the safety of its application in aquatic environments. The concentration of latex that killed 90% of the exposed snails after 24 h exposure (LC90) was 3.69 mg/L. Toxicity bioassays using Danio rerio (zebrafish) revealed that these animals were less susceptible to latex than planorbids. However, it is important to perform other toxicity tests to ensure the feasibility of using latex to control populations of mollusks that contribute to schistosomiasis transmission. A phytochemical screening performed with the E. umbellata latex identified the triterpenoid and coumarin class. Further studies are warranted to isolate, identify, and test the active compounds of E. umbellata latex in B. glabrata.

A invenção da ideia de desenvolvimento: reflexões e propostas dialógicas / The invention of development idea: reflections and dialogic proposals / La invención de la idea de desarrollo: reflexiones y propuestas dialógicas

Este artigo apoia-se nas contribuições teóricas de Pierre Bourdieu, Philippe Ariès e Michel Foucault com o objetivo de examinar conceitos e instituições centrais para a psicologia do desenvolvimento. Utilizando o recurso do distanciamento histórico para compor o debate epistemológico, observou-se que a noção de desenvolvimento sofre deslizamentos de significado em decorrência de transformações históricas que conduzem à formação dos Estados Nacionais, forjados no ideal de progresso. A noção de desenvolvimento recebe, assim, sustentação das instituições escolares, encarregadas da formação dos novos cidadãos, e se reforça com o contexto capitalista. Finalmente, debate-se como a psicologia do desenvolvimento, herdeira e colaboradora desse ideal ­ que alcançou conquistas, mas conhece paradoxos e contradições ­, poderia reposicionar reflexivamente o conceito de desenvolvimento em diálogo com áreas diversas que sublinhem a importância do bem-viver coletivo, das relações comunitárias e ancestrais. Trata-se, portanto, de propor uma perspectiva dialógica pluriepistêmica como possibilidade de integração da psicologia ao mundo contemporâneo.

This article builds on the theoretical contributions of Pierre Bourdieu, Philippe Ariès and Michel Foucault aiming at examining concepts and central institutions for Developmental Psychology. Using the feature of historical distance to shape the epistemological debate, this article examines how the notion of development, suffering shifts in meaning as a result of historical changes that leads to the formation of nation states forged in the ideal of progress. The notion of development is supported by educational institutions, which are engaged in formation of new citizens, and reinforced by the capitalist context. Finally, we discuss the way developmental psychology, heiress and collaborator of this ideal ­ with achievements, but also paradoxes and contradictions ­ could reflexively rethink the concept of development in dialogue with several areas, stressing the importance of collective welfare, as well as communal and ancestral relations. The issue here is to propose a pluri-epistemic dialogical perspective as a way of integrating Psychology into the contemporary world.

Este artículo se basa en los aportes teóricos de Pierre Bourdieu, Philippe Ariès y Michel Foucault, con la finalidad de examinar los conceptos y las instituciones centrales la psicología del desarrollo. Por medio del distanciamiento histórico y del debate epistemológico, se observó cómo la noción de desarrollo sufre deslizamientos de significado como resultado de las transformaciones históricas que condujeron a la formación de los estados nacionales, forjados en el ideal de progreso. La noción de desarrollo recibe, así, apoyo de nuevas instituciones educativas, que participan de la formación de nuevos ciudadanos, y se ve reforzada por el contexto capitalista. Por último, se interroga cómo como la psicología del desarrollo, heredera y colaboradora de este ideal ­ que alcanzó logros, pero también paradojas y contradicciones ­podría, reflexivamente, revisar el concepto de desarrollo tomando aportes de diferentes modelos en diálogo con otros campos. De esa forma se acentuaría la importancia del bienestar colectivo, de las relaciones comunitarias y ancestrales. La cuestión aquí es proponer una perspectiva dialógica pluri-epistémica como una manera de integrar la psicología en el mundo contemporâneo.

Psicanálise e universidade: o caso brasileiro / Psychoanalysis and university: the Brazilian case / Psicoanálisis y universidad: el caso brasileño

Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar que a relação psicanálise-universidade, também no Brasil, tem sua gênese no próprio movimento de invenção da psicanálise por Sigmund Freud. Parte-se da hipótese de que a presença da psicanálise na universidade brasileira é concomitante à introdução do discurso psicanalítico no Brasil, e que a universidade sempre foi uma poderosa via de difusão desse campo. Apresenta-se a trajetória da psicanálise na universidade brasileira desde o início do século XX pela via da medicina, bem como sua interação com diversas áreas, sobretudo a psicologia. A inserção da psicanálise no Brasil encontra eco no cenário atual da universidade, no qual vários campos reivindicam a psicanálise e são reivindicados pelos praticantes dela.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the relationship between psychoanalysis and the Brazilian university also has its genesis in the very movement of Sigmund Freud's creation of psychoanalysis. We start from the hypothesis that psychoanalysis in Brazilian universities has occurred simultaneously to the introduction of the psychoanalytic discourse in Brazil. We also highlight that university has always been a powerful way to spread psychoanalytic ideas. We present the trajectory of psychoanalysis, which was introduced into Brazilian universities via medical sciences in the early 20th century. We approach interactions between psychoanalysis and many other fields of study, especially psychology. The introduction of psychoanalysis in Brazil has still resounded throughout the university scenery, in which several fields of study reclaim psychoanalysis and are reclaimed by its practitioners.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar que la relación psicoanálisis-universidad, incluso en Brasil, tiene su génesis en el movimiento propio de la invención del psicoanálisis por Sigmund Freud. Se inicia con la hipótesis de que la presencia del psicoanálisis en las universidades brasileñas es concomitante con la introducción del discurso psicoanalítico en Brasil, y que la universidad siempre ha sido un poderoso medio de difusión de este campo. Se presenta la trayectoria del psicoanálisis en las universidades brasileñas desde principios del siglo XX a través de la medicina, así como su interacción con diversas áreas, especialmente la psicología. La inserción del psicoanálisis en Brasil se hizo eco en el escenario actual de la universidad, donde varios campos reclaman el psicoanálisis y son reclamados por los practicantes de él.