Programa de Mentoria da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Alfenas: relato de experiência / Mentoring Program at the Medical School of the Federal University of Alfenas: experience report

Resumo: Introdução: O Programa de Mentoria do curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal) foi inspirado em programas de mentoring implantados em escolas médicas brasileiras desde a década de 1990, reconhecendo que a formação do futuro médico é marcada por intenso estresse acadêmico e emocional. Relato de experiência: O Programa de Mentoria tem papel preventivo e de suporte para o desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional dos estudantes de Medicina. As ações visam acompanhar o estudante longitudinalmente para proporcionar momentos de reflexão, tomada de consciência e desenvolvimento de competências para enfrentar os meios acadêmico, social e profissional. O mentor provê ao estudante uma figura-modelo que atua como suporte para auxiliá-lo nas vicissitudes do processo de ser médico. Discussão: Segundo os participantes, o Programa de Mentoria permite troca de experiências, aprendizagem e reflexão sobre temas relevantes da profissão e da vida acadêmica, atendendo às exigências das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os Cursos de Medicina para uma formação geral, humanista, crítica, reflexiva e ética. Conclusão: O Programa de Mentoria é exemplo de intervenção possível para prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde durante a formação médica e contribui para o desenvolvimento de habilidades nos contextos pessoal e profissional.

Abstract: Introduction: The Mentoring Program of the Medical School at UNIFAL-MG was inspired by Mentoring Programs implemented in Medical Schools in Brazil since the 1990s, recognizing that training to be a physician is marked by intense academic and emotional stress. Experience report: The Mentoring Program has a preventive and supportive role for the personal and professional development of medical students. The actions aim to accompany the student longitudinally to provide moments of reflection, awareness, and the skills to face the academic, social and professional environment. The mentor represents a supportive model figure for the student, to help him overcome the difficulties in the process of being a physician. Discussion: According to the participants, the Mentoring Program allows the exchange of experiences, learning and reflection on relevant topics of the profession and academic life, meeting the requirements of the National Curriculum Guidelines for Medical Courses for general, humanistic, critical, reflective and ethical training. Conclusion: The Mentoring Program exemplifies a method of intervention for prevention and health promotion during medical training and contributes to the development of skills in both a personal and professional setting.

Comparative Gross Anatomy of the Forelimb Arteries of the Japanese Monkey (Macaca fuscata) and a Comparative Pattern of Forelimb Arterial Distribution in Primates.

Macaca fuscata displays characteristic behaviours, such as stone handling, locomotor behaviour, gait position, and intermittent bipedalism. Differences in characteristic behaviours among primate species/genera could be explained by anatomical details of the body. However, the anatomical details have not been well studied in Macaca fuscata. Arterial models could be one of the anatomical bases for the phylogenetic and functional differences among species, since the arterial supply could be associated with the muscular performance, especially locomotor behaviour. In this study, five thoracic limbs of Macaca fuscata adults were dissected to analyse the vessels. Patterns of arterial distribution in the thoracic limbs of Macaca fuscata were compared with those in other primates. The results indicated that the arterial distribution in the Japanese monkeys was more similar to those in Macaca mulatta and Papio anubis, which is consistent with phylogenetic similarities. However, compared with Papio anubis and other macaques, there were anatomical differences in several points, including (1) the origin of the common, anterior, posterior circumflex, and profunda brachii, and (2) the origins of the collateralis ulnaris artery. The comparative anatomy of the arteries in the forelimb of Macaca fuscata, along with the anatomical studies in other primates, indicated characteristic patterns of brachial artery division and the number of the palmar arches in primates, which is consistent with the phylogenetic division among New World primates, Old World primates, and apes.

Molecular Hybridization as a Tool in the Design of Multi-target Directed Drug Candidates for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDs) are progressive multifactorial neurological pathologies related to neuronal impairment and functional loss from different brain regions. Currently, no effective treatments are available for any NDs, and this lack of efficacy has been attributed to the multitude of interconnected factors involved in their pathophysiology. In the last two decades, a new approach for the rational design of new drug candidates, also called multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) strategy, has emerged and has been used in the design and for the development of a variety of hybrid compounds capable to act simultaneously in diverse biological targets. Based on the polypharmacology concept, this new paradigm has been thought as a more secure and effective way for modulating concomitantly two or more biochemical pathways responsible for the onset and progress of NDs, trying to overcome low therapeutical effectiveness. As a complement to our previous review article (Curr. Med. Chem. 2007, 14 (17), 1829-1852. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986707781058805), herein we aimed to cover the period from 2008 to 2019 and highlight the most recent advances of the exploitation of Molecular Hybridization (MH) as a tool in the rational design of innovative multifunctional drug candidate prototypes for the treatment of NDs, specially focused on AD, PD, HD and ALS.