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1.
Ecol Evol ; 5(3): 618-33, 2015 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25691986

ABSTRACT

It is widely expected that physiological and behavioral stress responses will be integrated within divergent stress-coping styles (SCS) and that these may represent opposite ends of a continuously varying reactive-proactive axis. If such a model is valid, then stress response traits should be repeatable and physiological and behavioral responses should also change in an integrated manner along a major axis of among-individual variation. While there is some evidence of association between endocrine and behavioral stress response traits, few studies incorporate repeated observations of both. To test this model, we use a multivariate, repeated measures approach in a captive-bred population of Xiphophorus birchmanni. We quantify among-individual variation in behavioral stress response to an open field trial (OFT) with simulated predator attack (SPA) and measure waterborne steroid hormone levels (cortisol, 11-ketotestosterone) before and after exposure. Under the mild stress stimulus (OFT), (multivariate) behavioral variation among individuals was consistent with a strong axis of personality (shy-bold) or coping style (reactive-proactive) variation. However, behavioral responses to a moderate stressor (SPA) were less repeatable, and robust statistical support for repeatable endocrine state over the full sampling period was limited to 11-ketotestosterone. Although post hoc analysis suggested cortisol expression was repeatable over short time periods, qualitative relationships between behavior and glucocorticoid levels were counter to our a priori expectations. Thus, while our results clearly show among-individual differences in behavioral and endocrine traits associated with stress response, the correlation structure between these is not consistent with a simple proactive-reactive axis of integrated stress-coping style. Additionally, the low repeatability of cortisol suggests caution is warranted if single observations (or indeed repeat measures over short sampling periods) of glucocorticoid traits are used in ecological or evolutionary studies focussed at the individual level.

2.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17208478

ABSTRACT

Ovarian development was studied in cultured female Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis. Females with regressed ovaries, mainly occupied by perinucleolar oocytes, predominated throughout summer exhibiting low condition factor (K), gonadosomatic index (I(G)), and plasma 17beta-estradiol and testosterone levels. Throughout autumn and winter (ovaries at early and intermediate maturation), oocytes progressed to cortical alveoli and vitellogenic stages accompanied by increasing K, I(G), and plasma 17beta-estradiol and testosterone levels. At late winter/early spring, ovarian development reached its maximum with the predominance of females at intermediate and final maturation (the latter occupied by late vitellogenic oocytes and few early maturation oocytes) and peak values of K, I(G), and 17beta-estradiol and testosterone concentrations. Steroid levels were lower (especially testosterone) than those for naturally-spawning females, which might cause extensive atresia without final oocyte maturation (no spawning was observed). This degenerative process reduced de size of the ovary (initial and intermediate phases of regression) in association with declining K, I(G), and plasma 17beta-estradiol and testosterone levels and increasing proportions of perinucleolar oocytes. The circulating 17,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one levels, the proposed maturation-inducing steroid, remained relatively constant throughout the experimental period, suggesting that oocytes were unable to respond adequately to its stimulation. We propose the inadequate seasonal thermal regime as the main cause of such dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Estradiol/blood , Flatfishes/growth & development , Ovary/growth & development , Testosterone/blood , Animals , Female , Male , Oocytes/growth & development , Ovary/anatomy & histology , Seasons
3.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 66(1): 36-9, 2006.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16555726

ABSTRACT

We performed a hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus molecular study in Buenos Aires city. Four clones were found harboring the transposable elements Tn4001 and Tn5405 and the erythromycin resistance determinants ermA and mef(E). Of the isolates, 73% belonged to a clone found previously in the city of Córdoba, which showed an epidemic behavior initially attributed to the widely disseminated South American clone.


Subject(s)
Cross Infection/microbiology , Methicillin Resistance/genetics , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Argentina/epidemiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
4.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 66(1): 36-39, 2006. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-431889

ABSTRACT

Realizamos un estudio molecular en aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus adquiridos en el ambiente hospitalario de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se hallaron cuatro clones que albergaban los elementos transponibles Tn4001 y Tn5405 y los determinantes de resistencia a eritromicina, ermA y mef(E). El 73% de los aislamientos pertenecían a un clon hallado previamente en la ciudad de Córdoba con características epidemiológicas atribuidas inicialmente al clon sudamericano ampliamente diseminado en el mundo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection/microbiology , Methicillin Resistance , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Argentina/epidemiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics
5.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 66(1): 36-39, 2006. ilus, tab
Article in English | BINACIS | ID: bin-13

ABSTRACT

Realizamos un estudio molecular en aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus adquiridos en el ambiente hospitalario de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se hallaron cuatro clones que albergaban los elementos transponibles Tn4001 y Tn5405 y los determinantes de resistencia a eritromicina, ermA y mef(E). El 73% de los aislamientos pertenecían a un clon hallado previamente en la ciudad de Córdoba con características epidemiológicas atribuidas inicialmente al clon sudamericano ampliamente diseminado en el mundo. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOVT , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Methicillin Resistance , Cross Infection/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Argentina/epidemiology
6.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 66(1): 36-39, 2006. ilus, tab
Article in English | BINACIS | ID: bin-119910

ABSTRACT

Realizamos un estudio molecular en aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus adquiridos en el ambiente hospitalario de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se hallaron cuatro clones que albergaban los elementos transponibles Tn4001 y Tn5405 y los determinantes de resistencia a eritromicina, ermA y mef(E). El 73% de los aislamientos pertenecían a un clon hallado previamente en la ciudad de Córdoba con características epidemiológicas atribuidas inicialmente al clon sudamericano ampliamente diseminado en el mundo. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOVT , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Methicillin Resistance , Cross Infection/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Argentina/epidemiology
7.
Horm Behav ; 44(4): 365-73, 2003 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14613731

ABSTRACT

The Challenge Hypothesis postulates that androgen levels are a function of the social environment in which the individual is living. Thus, it is predicted that in polygynous males that engage in social interactions, androgen levels should be higher than in monogamous animals that engage in parental care. In this study, we tested this hypothesis at the intra-specific level using a teleost species, Sarotherodon galilaeus, which exhibits a wide variation in its mating system. Experimental groups of individually marked fish were formed in large ponds with different operational sex-ratios (OSR) to study the effects of partner availability on blood plasma levels of sex steroids [11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), testosterone (T), and 17,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20beta-P)] and gonadosomatic index (GSI). Polygyny mostly occurred in the female biased OSR groups. 17,20beta-P and gonadosomatic index did not differ among OSR groups. However, 11-KT was high in male biased OSR and positively correlated with aggressive challenges, thereby supporting the central postulate of the Challenge Hypothesis. The results of T were the inverse of those of 11-KT, probably because 11-KT is metabolized from T. 11-KT levels of polygynous males did not differ neither from those of monogamous males, nor from those of males that participated in parental care. These results do not support the expected relationships between polygyny, parental care, and androgen levels. The differences from expectations for 11-KT may be related to the fact that in S. galilaeus, the mating and the parenting phase are not clearly separated and thus, males may still fight and court while they are brooding.


Subject(s)
Aggression/physiology , Androgens/blood , Cichlids/physiology , Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology , Testosterone/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Female , Gonads/physiology , Hydroxyprogesterones/blood , Male , Population Density , Sex Ratio , Species Specificity , Testosterone/blood
8.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis ; 47(3): 527-37, 2003 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14596972

ABSTRACT

The in vitro activity of piperacillin-tazobactam and several antibacterial drugs commonly used in Argentinean hospitals for the treatment of severe infections was determined against selected but consecutively isolated strains from clinical specimens recovered from hospitalized patients at 17 different hospitals from 9 Argentinean cities from different geographic areas during the period November 2001-March 2002. Out of 418 Enterobacteriaceae included in the Study 84% were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam. ESBLs putative producers were isolated at an extremely high rate since among those isolates obtained from patients with hospital acquired infections 56% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 32% of Proteus mirabilis and 25% Escherichia coli were phenotypically considered as ESBLs producers Notably P.mirabilis is not considered by for screening for ESBL producers. ESBLs producers were 100% susceptible to imipenem and 70% were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam whereas more than 50% were resistant to levofloxacin. The isolates considered as amp C beta lactamase putative producers showed 99% susceptibility to carbapenems while 26.7% were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam and 38.4% to levofloxacin. Noteworthy only 4% of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to amikacin. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most active agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (MIC(90): 128 microg/ml; 78% susceptibility) but showed poor activity against Acinetobacter spp (MIC(90):>256 microg/ml; 21.7% susceptibility). Only 41.7% Acinetobacter spp isolates were susceptible to ampicillin-sulbactam. Piperacillin-tazobactam inhibited 100% of Haemophilus influenzae isolates (MIC(90) < 0.25 microg/ml) but only 16.6% of them were ampicillin resistant. The activity of piperacillin-tazobactam against oxacillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus or coagulase negative staphylococci was excellent (MIC(90) 2 microg/ml; 100% susceptibility). Out of 150 enterococci 12 isolates (8%) were identified as E.faecium and only three isolates (2%), 2 E.faecium and 1 E.faecalis were vancomycin resistant. All the enterococci isolates were susceptible to linezolid. Piperacillin-tazobactam showed excellent activity (MIC(90) 2 microg/ml; 92% susceptibility). Regarding pneumococci all the isolates showed MICs of 16 microg/ml for piperacillin-tazobactam. Among 34 viridans group streptococci only 67% were penicillin susceptible and 85.2% ceftriaxone susceptible whereas piperacillin-tazobactam was very active (MIC(90) 4 microg/ml).Piperacillin-tazobactam is therefore a very interesting antibacterial drug to be used, preferably in combination (IE: amikacin-vancomycin) for the empiric treatment of severe infections occurring in hospitalized patients in Argentina. Caution must be taken for infections due to ESBL producers considering that the inoculum effect MICs can affect MIC values.


Subject(s)
Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Penicillanic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Penicillanic Acid/pharmacology , Piperacillin/pharmacology , Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Argentina , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Female , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Hospitalization , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tazobactam
9.
Prensa méd. argent ; 88(8): 767-772, oct. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-314232

ABSTRACT

Se presenta la experiencia en vigilancia epidemiológica durante 18 meses en la UCIA del Hospital FrancésLas tasas de utilización de CUR, CVC y ARM fueron de 58, 49 y 37 por ciento, respectivamente.La tasa característica de bacteriema asociada a CVC fue de 6,98 por ciento, de infección urinaria asociada a CUR del 18 y la de neumonía asociada a ARM fue de 36,40.Los microorganismos prevalentes por foco para infección urinaria nosocomial son: Candida sp. E. coli y P. aeruginosa, para bacteriemia y neumonía nosocomial SA, Acinetobacter spp., y P. aeruginosa, analizándose el perfil de sensibilidad antimicrobiana de los prevalentes. La evaluación global del programa de control de infecciones es satisfactoria


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Infection Control , Intensive Care Units
10.
Prensa méd. argent ; 88(8): 767-772, oct. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-7969

ABSTRACT

Se presenta la experiencia en vigilancia epidemiológica durante 18 meses en la UCIA del Hospital FrancésLas tasas de utilización de CUR, CVC y ARM fueron de 58, 49 y 37 por ciento, respectivamente.La tasa característica de bacteriema asociada a CVC fue de 6,98 por ciento, de infección urinaria asociada a CUR del 18 y la de neumonía asociada a ARM fue de 36,40.Los microorganismos prevalentes por foco para infección urinaria nosocomial son: Candida sp. E. coli y P. aeruginosa, para bacteriemia y neumonía nosocomial SA, Acinetobacter spp., y P. aeruginosa, analizándose el perfil de sensibilidad antimicrobiana de los prevalentes. La evaluación global del programa de control de infecciones es satisfactoria


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Epidemiological Monitoring , Infection Control/methods , Infection Control/standards , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Cross Infection/epidemiology
11.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 46(4): 369-76, jul.-ago. 1986. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-41911

ABSTRACT

Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo fue determinar el rol de la vigilancia microbiológica y la evaluación clínica en el manejo de pacientes leucémicos con fiebre y granulocitopenia. Fueron analizados 42 casos de leucemia aguda y 57 episodios de fiebre en pacientes hospitalizados en el período comprendido entre el 1§ de enero y el 31 de diciembre del año 1982. Hubo 195 cultivos de vigilancia. Observamos 14 a 20% de colonización orofaríngea con flora potencialmente invasiva desde la primera semana de internación, sin cambios significativos en su composición ni en la velocidad de adquisición. La colonización por Candida se incrementó en la segunda y tercera semanas, y fue un hallazgo constante en los pacientes fallecidos con micosis diseminadas. No pudimos correlacionar colonización bacteriana con infección, quizá debido al escaso aislamiento de patógenos invasivos potenciales: Klebsiella. Pseudomonas (6 y 3%, respectivamente). Staphylococcus aureus fue el principal agente etiológico de las infecciones microbiológicamente documentadas (42%); no realizamos cultivos nasales de vigilancia como para establecer una correlación entre infecciones estafilocócicas y condición de portador nasal del mismo gérmen


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Cross Infection/complications , Leukemia/complications , Neutropenia/complications , Argentina , Fever , Follow-Up Studies , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Cross Infection/microbiology
12.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 46(4): 377-84, jul.-ago. 1986. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-41915

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron 57 episodios febriles en 42 pacientes internados con el diagnóstico de leucemia aguda, y cifras iguales o menores de 1000 neutrófilos por milímetro cúbico. Las combinaciones antimicrobianas empíricas utilizadas más frecuentemente fueron Cefalotina + Amikacina y Cefuroxine + Mezlocilina; no pudimos establecer la superioridad terapéutica de ningún régimen sobre el otro. De los 57 episodios febriles, 37 cursaron desde el inicio con neutrófilos inferiores a 500/mm3. Los focos probables de infección fueron fundamentalmente el mucocutáneo y el pulmonar (49 y 31,5%, respectivamente). El foco abdominal se asoció a pronóstico severo. Hubo aislamientos microbiológicamente documentados en un 60%, con predominio de agentes Gram positivos con respecto a enterobacterias y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. La evolución de los procesos infecciosos mantuvo estrecha relación con la posibilidad de recuperación de la enfermedad de base


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Fever/etiology , Infections/complications , Leukemia/complications , Neutropenia/complications , Acute Disease , Argentina , Follow-Up Studies , Infections/drug therapy
13.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 46(4): 369-76, jul.-ago. 1986. Tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-31882

ABSTRACT

Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo fue determinar el rol de la vigilancia microbiológica y la evaluación clínica en el manejo de pacientes leucémicos con fiebre y granulocitopenia. Fueron analizados 42 casos de leucemia aguda y 57 episodios de fiebre en pacientes hospitalizados en el período comprendido entre el 1º de enero y el 31 de diciembre del año 1982. Hubo 195 cultivos de vigilancia. Observamos 14 a 20% de colonización orofaríngea con flora potencialmente invasiva desde la primera semana de internación, sin cambios significativos en su composición ni en la velocidad de adquisición. La colonización por Candida se incrementó en la segunda y tercera semanas, y fue un hallazgo constante en los pacientes fallecidos con micosis diseminadas. No pudimos correlacionar colonización bacteriana con infección, quizá debido al escaso aislamiento de patógenos invasivos potenciales: Klebsiella. Pseudomonas (6 y 3%, respectivamente). Staphylococcus aureus fue el principal agente etiológico de las infecciones microbiológicamente documentadas (42%); no realizamos cultivos nasales de vigilancia como para establecer una correlación entre infecciones estafilocócicas y condición de portador nasal del mismo gérmen (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Cross Infection/complications , Leukemia/complications , Neutropenia/complications , Follow-Up Studies , Fever , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Argentina
14.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 46(4): 377-84, jul.-ago. 1986. Tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-31878

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron 57 episodios febriles en 42 pacientes internados con el diagnóstico de leucemia aguda, y cifras iguales o menores de 1000 neutrófilos por milímetro cúbico. Las combinaciones antimicrobianas empíricas utilizadas más frecuentemente fueron Cefalotina + Amikacina y Cefuroxine + Mezlocilina; no pudimos establecer la superioridad terapéutica de ningún régimen sobre el otro. De los 57 episodios febriles, 37 cursaron desde el inicio con neutrófilos inferiores a 500/mm3. Los focos probables de infección fueron fundamentalmente el mucocutáneo y el pulmonar (49 y 31,5%, respectivamente). El foco abdominal se asoció a pronóstico severo. Hubo aislamientos microbiológicamente documentados en un 60%, con predominio de agentes Gram positivos con respecto a enterobacterias y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. La evolución de los procesos infecciosos mantuvo estrecha relación con la posibilidad de recuperación de la enfermedad de base (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Fever/etiology , Infections/complications , Leukemia/complications , Neutropenia/complications , Acute Disease , Follow-Up Studies , Infections/drug therapy , Argentina
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