ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy is the first cause of blindness during working years. AIM: Provide knowledge of screening coverage, prevalence and level of diabetic retinopathy in patients that belong to the Cardiovascular Health Program in primary care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of retinographies performed to 9076 diabetic patients aged 61 ± 13 years (61% women) adscribed to a Cardiovascular Health program in primary care centers of South-East Metropolitan Santiago. The examination was carried out by the evaluation of retinographies by trained optometrists. RESULTS: The coverage of the screening program was 21%. The prevalence of sight threatening diabetic retinopathy was 3,1%. The prevalence of these entities was 45% higher in people aged between 18 and 44 years than in older people. Their prevalence in urban communities was 32% higher than in rural locations. CONCLUSIONS: The coverage of the screening program is low. Diabetic patients aged 18 to 44 years and those coming from urban communities have a higher prevalence of severe non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Subject(s)
Blindness/etiology , Diabetes Complications/diagnosis , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Mass Screening/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Blindness/epidemiology , Blindness/prevention & control , Chile/epidemiology , Diabetes Complications/epidemiology , Diabetic Retinopathy/complications , Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Primary Health Care , Program Evaluation , Severity of Illness Index , Young AdultABSTRACT
Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the first cause of blindness during working years. Aim: Provide knowledge of screening coverage, prevalence and level of diabetic retinopathy in patients that belong to the Cardiovascular Health Program in primary care. Material and Methods: Analysis of retinographies performed to 9076 diabetic patients aged 61 ± 13 years (61% women) adscribed to a Cardiovascular Health program in primary care centers of South-East Metropolitan Santiago. The examination was carried out by the evaluation of retinographies by trained optometrists. Results: The coverage of the screening program was 21%. The prevalence of sight threatening diabetic retinopathy was 3,1%. The prevalence of these entities was 45% higher in people aged between 18 and 44 years than in older people. Their prevalence in urban communities was 32% higher than in rural locations. Conclusions: The coverage of the screening program is low. Diabetic patients aged 18 to 44 years and those coming from urban communities have a higher prevalence of severe non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Mass Screening/methods , Blindness/etiology , Diabetes Complications/diagnosis , Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis , Primary Health Care , Severity of Illness Index , Program Evaluation , Chile/epidemiology , Blindness/prevention & control , Blindness/epidemiology , Prevalence , Diabetes Complications/epidemiology , Diabetic Retinopathy/complications , Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Adolescent suicide rates (ASR) are a matter of concern worldwide. Causes of this trend are not understood and could correspond to socioeconomic factors such as inequality. AIM: To investigate sociodemographic variables related to ASR, particularly the potential association with indicators of socioeconomic inequality. METHOD: Cross-sectional ecological study analyzing data from 29 health districts with univariate and multivariable multilevel Poisson models. RESULTS: ASR were higher in male adolescents and at increasing age. No association was found between ASR and inequality (Gini coefficient and 20/20 ratio). Analysis revealed that living in a single-parent family is associated with ASR. CONCLUSIONS: The usual demographic patterns of adolescent suicide apply in Chile. An emerging variable of interest is single-parent family. No cross-sectional association between social inequality and ASR was found based on conflicting evidence. These results should be explored in future prospective population studies to further understand associated social factors.
