ABSTRACT
The membrane glycoprotein MRC OX-2 (CD200) is expressed in several lymphoid malignancies. However, the diagnostic usefulness and potential prognostic importance of CD200 expression have not been rigorously examined. We show that CD200 is uniformly expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and absent in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). It is important to note that expression of CD200 is retained even in CLLs with immunophenotypic aberrancies, making CD200 a particularly useful marker for discrimination between these cases and MCL. CD200 is expressed in nearly all precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemias, with aberrant overexpression or underexpression compared with normal B-cell progenitors in 55% of cases. More than 70% of plasma cell myelomas (PCMs) expressed CD200, and loss of CD200 expression in PCM may be associated with more clinically aggressive disease. CD200 is expressed in several hematolymphoid neoplasms. Analysis of its expression has several diagnostic and potentially prognostic applications in the flow cytometric evaluation of lymphoid malignancies.
Subject(s)
Antigens, CD/metabolism , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/diagnosis , Multiple Myeloma/diagnosis , Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/diagnosis , Antigens, CD/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Diagnosis, Differential , Flow Cytometry/methods , Gene Expression , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics , Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/metabolism , Multiple Myeloma/genetics , Multiple Myeloma/metabolism , Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics , Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism , Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism , Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/pathology , PrognosisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify hormone receptors within vascular malformations (arteriovenous malformations [AVMs], venous malformations [VMs], and lymphatic malformations [LMs]) of the head and neck. STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) was performed on archival vascular malformation tissue collected from both pediatric and adult patients. SETTING: Tertiary referral center from 2006 to 2008. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twelve AVM, 10 VM, and eight LM specimens were stained for both ER and PR. Ten breast carcinoma specimens were used as controls, with the carcinoma cells serving as positive controls, and the endothelium and smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels serving as negative controls. Five normal supraglottic mucosal samples served as head and neck controls. The Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Ten of the 12 (83%) AVM specimens stained diffusely positive for PR within the nuclei of the endothelium and smooth muscle of the malformed vessels (P < 0.0001). Five of the 10 (50%) VM specimens stained positive for PR (2 [20%] focal, 3 [30%] diffuse) within the nuclei of the endothelium and smooth muscle of the malformed vessels (P = 0.0325). Four of the eight (50%) LM specimens stained focally positive for PR within the nuclei of the endothelium of the malformed vessels (P = 0.0229). None of the vascular malformation specimens stained positive for ER. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that PR, but not ER, is expressed in AVMs, VMs, and LMs of the head and neck.
