Proceso educativo para desarrollar un sistema de vigilancia de soberanía para la seguridad alimentaria en comunidades en una universidad mexicana / Educational process to develop a surveillance system of sovereignty for food security in communities in a mexican university

Fundamentos: Se analiza el proceso educativo para desarrollar el Sistema de Vigilancia de Soberanía para la Seguridad Alimentaria del Programa de Nutrición en Salud Pública de una universidad pública mexicana con el objetivo de innovar el campo de la vigilancia de sistemas de salud alimentaria en comunidades.Métodos: Estudio de caso cuanti-cualitativo en donde participan alumnas y académicas de prácticas profesionales de un programa educativo en Nutrición. Se aplica una encuesta semiestructurada a alumnos que proponen indicadores de seguridad y soberanía alimentaria; se realizan entrevistas en profundidad a los profesores para recuperar sus experiencias en vigilancia de la situación de salud alimentaria. Resultados: Las alumnas aportan elementos de soberanía alimentaria relacionados con los indicadores -acceso al agua, producción sostenible, comercialización local y alimentación culturalmente apropiada en 68%, 75%, 87 %, respectivamente. En seguridad alimentaria proponen las categorías: consumo alimentario y evaluación de estado de nutricio con el Índice de Masa Corporal. Las profesoras dominan las experiencias en sistemas convencionales de vigilancia de la seguridad alimentaria. Conclusiones: Se propone transitar, de un modelo de Vigilancia de la Seguridad Alimentaria Convencional a un modelo de Vigilancia de la Soberanía para la Seguridad Alimentaria, con fundamento en la Epidemiología Sociocultural. (AU)

Background: The educational process to develop the Sovereignty Surveillance System for Food Safety of the Public Health Nutrition Program of a Mexican public university is analyzed with the aim of innovating the field of surveillance of food health systems in communities. Methods: It is a quantitative-qualitative case study in which students and academics of professional practices of an educational program in Nutrition participate. A semi-structured survey is applied to students who propose indicators of food security and sovereignty; In-depth interviews are conducted with teachers to recover their experiences in surveillance of the food health situation. Results: The students provide elements of food sovereignty related to the indicators_ access to water, sustainable production, local marketing and culturally appropriate food in 68%, 75%, 87%, respectively. In food safety, they propose the categories: food consumption and evaluation of nutritional status with the Body Mass Index. The professors dominate the experiences in conventional food safety surveillance systems. Conclusions: It is proposed to move from a Conventional Food Security Surveillance model to a Sovereignty Surveillance model for Food Security, based on Sociocultural Epidemiology. (AU)

Public Policies and Programs for the Prevention and Control of Breast Cancer in Latin American Women: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has positioned itself worldwide as one of the main public health problems, especially in Latin America. In some countries, several programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in women have been developed and implemented on a permanent basis, but there are no public reports on the policies that originated such programs. OBJECTIVE: A scoping review of scientific publications that identify the type, extent, and scope of policies and programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer in Latin American women was performed, and the main results were presented in this paper. METHODS: This scoping review was carried out according to the method by Arksey and O'Malley based on 3 fundamental questions about breast cancer prevention and control policies in Latin America: their type, extent and scope, and reference framework. The search period was from 2000 to 2019, and the search was carried out in the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (EbscoHost), CINAHL (EbscoHost), Academic Search Complete (EbscoHost), ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index), and Scopus in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, and Scielo, Cochrane, and MEDES-MEDicina in Spanish and Portuguese. Of the 743 studies found, 20 (2.7%) were selected, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The selected studies identified several Latin American countries that have generated policies and programs to prevent and control breast cancer in women, focusing mainly on risk communication, prevention and timely detection, effective access to health services, improvement of the screening process, and evaluation of screening programs. Evaluation criteria and greater participation of civil society in policy design and program execution are still lacking. This could undoubtedly help eliminate existing barriers to effective action. CONCLUSIONS: Although several Latin American countries have generated public policies and action programs for the prevention and control of breast cancer, a pending issue is the evaluation of the results to analyze the effectiveness and impact of their implementation given the magnitude of the public health problem it represents and because women and civil society play an important role in its prevention and control. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/12624.

Coincidencias y contradicciones de la percepción de la anemia entre el personalde salud y la comunidad wixárika de México / Similarities and contradictions of the percepton of anemia among public health employees and the wixarika community in mexico

Fundamentos: La anemia representa un problema de saludpública en México, donde los grupos indígenas destacan comoel principal grupo vulnerable. En la investigación se analizan las percepciones que tienen la población y el personal de salud,respecto a la anemia en el grupo materno infantil de la comunidad Wixárika en el Norte de Jalisco, México. Métodos: Se aplica un diseño cualitativo, donde se realizan entrevistas en profundidad a informantes clave de la comunidad y personal de la Secretaría de Salud. Resultados: Hay diferencias de percepciones entre las personas que padecen anemia, que la conceptualizan con una visión occidental, a partir de su relación con el personal de salud y los miembros de la comunidad que no la padecen, que la percibencon el nombre de “Maxariate” o Enfermedad del Venado, vinculada a la ausencia del ritual a este animal sagrado. El personal de salud percibe a la anemia como un problema, desde la visión occidental de la salud. Conclusiones: A partir de las contradicciones encontradasentre la comunidad y el personal de salud, se infiere que no se está aplicando el Modelo de Salud Intercultural que propone laSecretaría de Salud de México, situación que contribuye a nosolucionar el problema. (AU)

Background: Anemia represents a public health problem in Mexico, where indigenous groups stand out as the mainvulnerable group. In his research, the perceptions of thepopulation and health personnel regarding anemia in mothers and children in the community Wixárika in Northern Jalisco, Mexico are analyzed. Methods: A qualitative design, where in-depth interviews are conducted with key informants from the community and staff of the Ministry of Health applies.Results: There are differences of perceptions among people with anemia, who conceptualize this disease with a Western view, from the relationship with health personnel, and community members who do not suffer, which it is perceived by the name of "Maxariate " or Deer disease linked to the absence of this animal sacred ritual . The health staff perceived anemia as a problem, since the Western view ofhealth. Conclusions: From the contradictions found between the community and health personnel, it follows that it is not applying the model proposed by the Intercultural Health Ministry of Health of México, a situation that contributes tonot solve the problem. (AU)

Efecto de un plan de estudios de Medicina sobre las competencias para la promoción de la salud y la participación social / Effect of a medical curriculum on the competencies for promotion of health and social participation

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto del plan de estudios de la Licenciatura en Medicina de la Universidad Guadalajara LAMAR sobre las competencias profesionales para la promoción de la salud y la participación social. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio cuasiexperimental de tipo preexperimental de comparación con un grupo estático. Emplazamiento: Campus Vallarta. Temporalidad: septiembre-diciembre de 2017. Universo: 182 estudiantes de Medicina. Muestra: no probabilística, n = 114 estudiantes de Medicina, 62 de primer semestre (G1, intervención momento «A») y 52 de sexto semestre (G2, intervención momento «B»), más 50 estudiantes de primer semestre de licenciatura no relacionada con salud (G0, control). Muestreo: propositivo. Criterios de selección: cualquier edad y sexo, y responder instrumentos. VARIABLES: edad, sexo y competencias profesionales para la promoción de la salud y la participación social. Instrumentos: Instrumento en Español para Evaluar Prácticas de Salud Pública. Procedimientos: las evaluaciones se realizaron al término del semestre 2017B. Análisis: comparación mediante estadística inferencial no paramétrica (p ≤ 0,05). RESULTADOS: Niveles de competencias profesionales para la promoción de la salud y participación social: G0 100% poco o nada competentes, G1 64,5% poco o nada competentes y 35,5% medianamente competentes, G2 11,5% poco o nada competentes y 88,5% medianamente competentes. El nivel de competencia fue mayor al estar expuestos al plan de estudios, y aumentó a mayor tiempo de exposición (Chi2, p ≤ 0,05 en todos los casos). CONCLUSIONES: El plan de estudios de Medicina evaluado desarrolla en sus estudiantes competencias profesionales para la promoción de la salud y la participación social, pero es susceptible de ser mejorado

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of medical curriculum from Universidad Guadalajara LAMAR over professional competencies for promotion of health and social participation in medical students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quasi-experimental study type pre-experimental of comparison with static group. Emplacement: Vallarta's Campus. Temporality: September-December 2017. Universe: 182 medical students. Sample: non-randomized, n = 114 medical students, 62 from first semester (G1, intervention's moment "A") and 52 from sixth semester (G2, intervention's moment "B"), and additionally 50 from first semester of bachelor not related with health (G0, control). Sampling: propositive. Selection criteria: any age and gender, and to answer instruments. VARIABLES: age, gender and professional competencies for promotion of health and social participation. Instruments: Instrument in Spanish for to Evaluate Public Health Practices. Procedures: the evaluation it achieved to term of 2017B scholar cycle. Analysis: comparison by mean of non-parametric inferential statistics (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Professional competencies level for promotion of health and social participation: G0 100% little or nothing competent, G1 64.5% little or nothing competent and 35.5% fairly competent, G2 11.5% little or nothing competent and 88.5% fairly competent. The competency level was higher in exposed to medical curriculum and increased to a longer exposure time (Chi2, P ≤ 0.05 in all cases). CONCLUSIONS: The medical curriculum from Universidad Guadalajara LAMAR develop professional competencies for promotion of health and social participation in your students, but this can be improved because nobody was highly competent