ABSTRACT
A new imidazole alkaloid, (2E,9E)-pyronaamidine 9-(N-methylimine) (4), was isolated along with the known compounds pyronaamidine (3) and kealiiquinone (5) from the yellow sponge Leucetta sp. cf. chagosensis collected near the Island of Rota, Northern Mariana Islands. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis allowed the unambiguous assignment of the structure of compound 4, including the position of the exchangeable proton and the geometry of the two imino double bonds. Compound 4 exhibited mild cytotoxicity toward the A-549, MCF-7, and HT-29 human tumor cell lines.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents/isolation & purification , Imidazoles/isolation & purification , Porifera/chemistry , Alkaloids/chemistry , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Humans , Imidazoles/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Tumor Cells, Cultured , X-Ray DiffractionSubject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Cisplatin/analogs & derivatives , Sucrose/chemistry , Animals , Humans , Leukemia P388/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mice , Molecular Structure , Solubility , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Water , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
Male and female subjects first worked on a cognitive task under conditions of either low or high challenge followed by a physical exercise task. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, subjective arousal, subjective fatigue, and preferred levels of challenge for subsequent tasks were assessed. The results indicated that subjects with high Hard-Driving scores reported lower subjective arousal while working on the cognitive tasks and preferred to work on more challenging cognitive and physical exercise tasks in a subsequent phase of the experiment. In contrast, subjects with high Hard-Driving scores, high Speed-Impatience scores, or high overall Type A scores did not evidence higher physiological arousal in response to either the cognitive or the physical exercise tasks. Utilization of the components of the Type A pattern yielded greater specificity of results and suggests that Type A's are at greater risk from coronary disease for reasons other than those that have been traditionally hypothesized.
Subject(s)
Arousal , Coronary Disease/psychology , Type A Personality , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Personality Tests , Physical Exertion , Problem Solving , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
An aversion for an auditory stimulus was established in laboratory rats when a tone was spatially and temporally contiguous with a novel taste in a food conditioned stimulus compound followed by toxicosis. The procedure involved varying the location of the tone relative to a novel tasting food. During toxicosis conditioning, one group ate sweet food with a speaker located in the food, two groups ate sweet food with the speaker displaced (near or far) from the food, and a fourth group was presented with a tone without food available. It was found that the potentiation of auditory aversions required both the presence of a novel taste and spatial contiguity between the taste and the tone.
