ABSTRACT
La adicción al juego conlleva situaciones de estrés para quienes sufren este trastorno y su entorno social próximo. 33 familiares voluntarios de jugadores en rehabilitación participaron en una intervención grupal de autoayuda (GAA), tras la cual iniciaron un Programa de reducción de estrés basado en atención plena (REBAP), de ocho semanas. Sus niveles de estrés fueron evaluados antes y después de cada intervención y en tres seguimientos (1, 3 y 6 meses). Mientras que el GAA no reducía significativamente el estrés de los familiares, el protocolo REBAP producía cambios de gran magnitud (η2= 0,88) y conseguía disminuir el estrés, desde niveles inicialmente moderados a bajos. Los efectos se mantuvieron en los tres seguimientos, durante los cuales se observaron niveles elevados de práctica de atención plena. No obstante, en el seguimiento a los 6 meses se apreció una disminución de la práctica, lo cual sugeriría la necesidad de introducir sesiones de refuerzo. Los resultados muestran la utilidad del programa REBAP en la intervención con familiares de personas con adicción al juego
Gambling addiction may lead to stressful situations for the gambler and their proximal social environment. 33 close relatives of disordered gamblers volunteered to attend a self-help group; afterwards, they participated in the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program for 8 weeks. The participants' perceived stress was assessed before and after each treatment condition, and at 1-month, 3-months, and 6-months follow-ups. Participating in the self-help group did not significantly reduce the stress levels of pathological gamblers' relatives, whereas the MBSR training produced changes of great magnitude (η2= 0.88), decreasing stress levels from initially moderate scores to low values. Changes in stress levels were maintained at low levels throughout follow-ups, with participants reporting overall strong engagement with the practice of mindfulness. However, a decrease in practice (number of individuals practicing, frequency and time of exercises) was observed at 6-months follow-up, which suggest that including sessions to strengthen practice could be advisable. The MBSR program may be a useful protocol to reduce stress in pathological gamblers' families
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Mindfulness , Gambling/psychology , Family/psychology , Stress, Psychological/prevention & control , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Reproducibility of Results , Follow-Up Studies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivos. Este estudio persigue realizar una adaptación al castellano de la escala de Retirement Satisfaction Inventory, (RSI) orientada hacia la medición de la motivación hacia el retiro, satisfacción con la vida en el retiro y fuentes de disfrute, y analizar su estructura factorial y propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de prejubilados españoles. Material y métodos. Se aplicó la escala RSI (Floyd et al, 1992) a una muestra de 638 prejubilados españoles con una media de edad±desviación estándar de 61,28±5,77 y una edad media de prejubilación de 53,89±2,71. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio con el paquete estadístico SPSS y un análisis factorial confirmatorio a través del módulo AMOS 6.0. El proceso de recogida de datos se llevo a cabo por medio del método de encuestas por correo. Resultados. La adaptación al castellano del RSI mostró una estructura en tres escalas: razones para la jubilación, satisfacción con la vida en el retiro y actividades de ocio. Estas escalas presentaron una estructura con cuatro, dos y tres factores principales, respectivamente, que difieren ligeramente de los informados en el instrumento original. El análisis factorial confirmatorio demostró un óptimo ajuste del modelo para las tres escalas. Conclusiones. La versión del RSI, adaptada al castellano, permite disponer de un instrumento que evalúe la motivación hacia el retiro durante el proceso de salida laboral, la satisfacción con la vida en el retiro y las fuentes de disfrute en la población prejubilada española(AU)
Objectives. This study provides psychometric data for the Spanish adaptation of the scale of Retirement Satisfaction Inventory (RSI). We explore the factor structure and psychometric properties a sample of Spanish early retirees. RSI measures the motivation to retirement, satisfaction with life in retirement and leisure activities. Material and methods. The RSI scale (Floyd et al, 1992) was applied to a sample of 638 Spanish early-pensioners with a mean age of 61.28 (SD: 5.77) years and a mean age at early retirement of 53.89 years (SD: 2.71). An exploratory factorial analysis was performed using the SPSS statistics package, and a confirmatory factorial using the AMOS 6.0 module. The data collection process was carried out by means of the questionnaires by post method. Results. The adaptation of the RSI to Spanish showed a three-scale structure:: the reasons for retirement, satisfaction with life in retirement, and leisure activities. These scales showed a structure with four, two and three main factors, respectively, which differ slightly from those reported in the original instrument.The confirmatory factorial analysis demonstrated the optimum fit of the model for the three scales. Conclusions. The RSI adaptation to Spanish provides a tool that could asses the motivation towards retirement during the leaving work process, satisfaction with retirement life, and the leisure sources in the Spanish early retired population(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Retirement/psychology , Retirement/trends , Employee Incentive Plans/trends , Employee Incentive Plans , Motivation , Psychometrics/methods , Human Activities/psychology , Personal Satisfaction , Psychometrics/organization & administration , Psychometrics/standards , Psychometrics/trends , 24419 , Factor Analysis, StatisticalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study provides psychometric data for the Spanish adaptation of the scale of Retirement Satisfaction Inventory (RSI). We explore the factor structure and psychometric properties a sample of Spanish early retirees. RSI measures the motivation to retirement, satisfaction with life in retirement and leisure activities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The RSI scale (Floyd et al, 1992) was applied to a sample of 638 Spanish early-pensioners with a mean age of 61.28 (SD: 5.77) years and a mean age at early retirement of 53.89 years (SD: 2.71). An exploratory factorial analysis was performed using the SPSS statistics package, and a confirmatory factorial using the AMOS 6.0 module. The data collection process was carried out by means of the questionnaires by post method. RESULTS: The adaptation of the RSI to Spanish showed a three-scale structure:: the reasons for retirement, satisfaction with life in retirement, and leisure activities. These scales showed a structure with four, two and three main factors, respectively, which differ slightly from those reported in the original instrument.The confirmatory factorial analysis demonstrated the optimum fit of the model for the three scales. CONCLUSIONS: The RSI adaptation to Spanish provides a tool that could asses the motivation towards retirement during the leaving work process, satisfaction with retirement life, and the leisure sources in the Spanish early retired population.
Subject(s)
Life Change Events , Personal Satisfaction , Retirement/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Female , Humans , Language , Male , Middle Aged , SpainABSTRACT
El fenómeno de las prejubilaciones se ha implantado dentro del mercado laboral español como la forma de salida organizacional habitual de trabajadores de edad avanzada. Con el objetivo de conocer los factores motivacionales que explican una salida laboral voluntaria y no-voluntaria se administro una adaptación del Retirement Satisfaction Inventory (Floyd et al., 1992) a una muestra de prejubilados con una edad media de prejubilación de 53.89 años. Los datos fueron analizados mediante análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Los trabajadores que aceptan la oferta de retiro de manera voluntaria son aquellos que tienen una motivación más positiva hacia el retiro. Mientras, aquellos que han aceptado de manera novoluntaria han experimentado presiones organizacionales, problemas de salud y estrés laboral. Conocer los factores motivacionales de salida laboral de personas prejubiladas es un primer paso para relacionar la forma de salida con la posterior satisfacción y adaptación con la vida en el retiro(AU)
The phenomenon of early retirement has been introduced in the Spanish labor market as the organizational form of normal output for older workers. In order to understand the motivational factors that explain output and non-voluntary labor has been administered an adaptation of the Retirement Satisfaction Inventory (Floyd et al., 1992) to a sample of early retirees with an average age of 53.89 years. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Workers who accept the offer of a voluntary retirement are those who have a more positive motivation toward retirement. Meanwhile, those who have accepted in non-voluntary way experienced organizational presures, health problems and stres. Understanding the motivational factors of people working out early retirees is a first step to relate the form with subsequent satisfaction and adaptation to life in retirement(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Pensions , Retirement/psychology , Employee Incentive Plans/standards , Employee Incentive Plans/trends , Motivation , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Work/psychology , Retirement/trends , Linear Models , Employment/psychologyABSTRACT
Argumentamos que la conciencia tiene un carácter esencialmente social. Revisamos las aportaciones de cuatro enfoques sociopsicológicos -la psicología vygotskiana, el Interaccionismo Simbólico, el Construccionismo Social y el modelo socioecológico de Bronfenbrenner- y sus implicaciones en Salud Mental. Se plantea la necesidad de que el profesional de la Salud Mental tome conciencia de su importante rol social (AU)
