ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: While the microbiota has been associated with human papillomavirus malignant transformation, it is unclear whether anal bacteria could improve the low specificity of anal cytology for the screening of high-grade intraepithelial squamous neoplasia (HSIL). METHODS: We recruited men who have sex with men undergoing anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy. We assessed the microbiota composition from fecal samples and cytobrush anal samples using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing in participants with or without biopsy-proven HSIL (bHSIL). We selected bacterial biomarkers based on their linear discriminant analysis. We assessed their predictive performance using logistic regression and bootstrap resampling. RESULTS: We included 128 individuals, 47 (36.7%) with bHSIL and 99 (77.3%) with human immunodeficiency virus. We detected 40 potential predictors of bHSIL. Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, Alloprevotella genus, Prevotella melanonigenica, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 were the most predictive of bHSIL. From 35 false-positive cytologic results, the combination of these 4 biomarkers with the anal cytology reclassified to true-negative 33 individuals (94%) and showed good diagnostic performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.805; 95% confidence interval, .728-.882). CONCLUSIONS: We found anal-associated bacteria indicative of a higher risk of precancerous anal lesions, which combination was highly specific. The microbiota could be developed as a complementary diagnostic tool to overcome the limitations of the current screening strategy for anal cancer.
Subject(s)
Anus Neoplasms/diagnosis , Feces/microbiology , Homosexuality, Male , Microbiota , Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Anal Canal/microbiology , Biomarkers , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Young AdultABSTRACT
To determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients in Spain with imported arbovirus infections, we analyzed 22,655 records from a collaborative network for January 2009-December 2018. Among 861 arbovirus infections, 845 were monoinfections (456 [53%] dengue, 280 [32.5%] chikungunya, 109 [12.7%] Zika) and 16 (1.8%) were co-infections. Most patients were travelers (56.3%) or immigrants returning to Spain after visiting friends or relatives (31.3%). Median patient age was 37 years; most (62.3%) were women and some (28.6%) had received pretravel advice. Only 12 patients were immunosuppressed. Six cases (all dengue monoinfections, none in immunosuppressed patients) were severe. Since 2014, nondengue arbovirus infections increased; until 2016, chikungunya and Zika were most common. Imported arbovirus infections (mostly dengue) were frequently diagnosed, although increased chikungunya and Zika virus infections coincided with their introduction and spread in the Americas. A large proportion of cases occurred in women of childbearing age, some despite receipt of pretravel advice.
Subject(s)
Arbovirus Infections , Arboviruses , Chikungunya Fever , Dengue , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus , Adult , Americas , Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology , Chikungunya Fever/diagnosis , Chikungunya Fever/epidemiology , Dengue/diagnosis , Dengue/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Spain/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiologyABSTRACT
La actual epidemia por virus Zika ha generado gran alarma social, favorecida en parte por la falta de información de la población general. Para proporcionar información veraz y contrastada, la Unidad de Medicina Tropical y del Viajero del Hospital Carlos III-La Paz (Madrid) puso en marcha una línea de atención telefónica sobre la infección por el virus Zika. En este artículo se presentan los datos relativos a los primeros 6 meses de su funcionamiento. El perfil predominante de llamadas corresponde a mujeres solicitando información previa a la realización del viaje. Los destinos sobre los que más información se ha demandado han sido Brasil, Méjico y Colombia. La mayoría de las llamadas se resolvieron ofreciendo información exclusivamente. La implementación de dispositivos de atención telefónica que ofrezcan información contrastada y fiable en el contexto de enfermedades asociadas a gran alarma social es de gran interés sanitario, reduce el número de consultas innecesarias y ahorra costes (AU)
The current outbreak of Zika virus has caused great social alarm, generated in part by the lack of information in the general population. In order to provide accurate and verified information, the Tropical and Travel Medicine Unit of Hospital Carlos III-La Paz (Madrid, Spain) established a hotline for Zika virus infection. We present the data concerning the first 6 months of operation of the telephone hotline. The predominant call profile consisted of women seeking information about the risk of acquiring the disease before travelling. Brazil, Mexico and Colombia were the destinations for which the most information was requested. Most of the consultations were resolved by providing information only. The implementation of call devices that provide confirmed and reliable information on diseases associated with great alarm are of significant public health interest, as they reduce the number of unnecessary medical consultations and save on medical costs (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Telephone , Travelers' Health , Global Health/standards , Epidemics , Tropical Medicine/methods , Brazil/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology , Colombia/epidemiology , 28599ABSTRACT
The current outbreak of Zika virus has caused great social alarm, generated in part by the lack of information in the general population. In order to provide accurate and verified information, the Tropical and Travel Medicine Unit of Hospital Carlos III-La Paz (Madrid, Spain) established a hotline for Zika virus infection. We present the data concerning the first 6 months of operation of the telephone hotline. The predominant call profile consisted of women seeking information about the risk of acquiring the disease before travelling. Brazil, Mexico and Colombia were the destinations for which the most information was requested. Most of the consultations were resolved by providing information only. The implementation of call devices that provide confirmed and reliable information on diseases associated with great alarm are of significant public health interest, as they reduce the number of unnecessary medical consultations and save on medical costs.