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1.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 30(2): 84-89, abr. 2017. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-161002

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Multidrug resistant bacteria are increasing worldwide and therapeutic options are limited. Some anaesthetics have shown antibacterial activity before. In this study, we have investigated the antibacterial effect of the halogenated anaesthetic agents sevoflurane and isoflurane against a range of resistant pathogens. Methods. Two experiments were conducted. In the first, bacterial suspensions of both ATCC and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed to liquid sevoflurane and isoflurane during 15, 30 and 60 minutes. In the second experiment clinical resistant strains of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, S. aureus, and Enterococcus faecium were studied. Previously inoculated agar plates were irrigated with the halogenated anaesthetic agents and these were left to evaporate before the plates were incubated. In both experiments colony forming units were counted in resultant plates. Results. In the first experiment, isoflurane showed faster and higher antimicrobial effect than sevoflurane against all the strains studied. Gram-negative organisms were more susceptible. In the second experiment, E. faecium was found to be resistant to both halogenated agents; only isoflurane showed statistically significant activity against the rest of the strains studied. Conclusions. Both halogenated agents, but particularly isoflurane, showed in vitro antibacterial activity against pathogens resistant to conventional antibiotics. Further investigation is required to determine whether or not they also exhibit this property in vivo. This might then allow these agents to be considered as rescue treatment against multidrug resistant pathogens, including a topical use in infected wounds (AU)


Introducción. Las bacterias multirresistentes están aumentando en todo el mundo y las opciones terapéuticas son limitadas. Algunos anestésicos han mostrado actividad antibacteriana previamente. En este estudio hemos investigado dicha actividad en los anestésicos halogenados sevoflurano e isoflurano frente a un grupo de patógenos resistentes. Métodos. Se llevaron a cabo dos experimentos. En el primero se enfrentaron suspensiones bacterianas de aislados clínicos resistentes y cepas de referencia (ATCC) de Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Pseudomonas aeruginosa a sevoflurano e isoflurano en su forma líquida durante 15, 30 y 60 minutos. Una muestra de la suspensión obtenida se inoculó en agar sólido y se incubó. En el segundo experimento se estudiaron aislados clínicos multirresistentes de E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, S. aureus y Enterococcus faecium. Placas de agar inoculadas con una cantidad conocida de las cepas se expusieron a los anestésicos líquidos, hasta su evaporación completa, antes de su incubación. En ambos experimentos se determinó el número de unidades formadoras de colonias en las placas obtenidas. Resultados. En el primer experimento isoflurano demostró una actividad mayor y más rápida que sevoflurano frente a las cepas estudiadas. Los microorganismos gramnegativos resultaron más sensibles. En el segundo E. faecium se mostró resistente a ambos agentes y sólo isoflurano mostró diferencias significativas en su efecto antimicrobiano frente al resto de las cepas. Conclusiones. Ambos anestésicos halogenados, especialmente isoflurano, mostraron actividad antibacteriana in vitro frente a patógenos resistentes a los antibióticos convencionales. Se necesita mayor investigación para determinar si este efecto se confirma in vivo. En ese caso se podría considerar a estos agentes como una alternativa frente a bacterias multirresistentes, incluyendo por ejemplo su uso tópico en heridas infectadas (AU)


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Isoflurane/pharmacology , Isoflurane/therapeutic use , Enterococcus faecium , Enterococcus faecium/isolation & purification , Research Design/trends , Anesthetics, Inhalation/pharmacology , Anesthetics, Inhalation/therapeutic use , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use
7.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 82(3): 333-42, 2008.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18711647

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Strategies to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis must be adapted to the local epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection. The objective of this study was to know the prevalence and the incidence of T. gondii infection in women of childbearing age in Albacete. METHODS: The source of information was the database of the Microbiology Laboratory of the Albacete General Hospital. To know the prevalence we reviewed the results of T. gondii IgG determinations from pregnant women living in the Albacete area who gave birth in 2006. To estimate the incidence we performed a longitudinal retrospective study of seronegative women with repeated T. gondii IgG determinations over at least one year. RESULTS: Prevalence study: We studied 2,623 pregnant women, of whom 21% were seropositive. Seroprevalence in Spain-born women was 16% (95% CI = 14%-17%) and it increased with age from 9% in women under 25 to 22% in women over 34 years old. Fifty-one per cent (95% CI=46%-56%) of the immigrant women were seropositive. Incidence study: We studied 2,416 women. The median time at risk was 35 months. There were 5 confirmed and 3 possible seroconversions. The incidence was 0.7-1.1 seroconversions per 1,000 women-year. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of T. gondii infection among Spain-born women is the lowest one of those published so far. The incidence of infection among women of childbearing age was low.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology , Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Female , Humans , Incidence , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiology
8.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 82(3): 333-342, mayo-jun. 2008. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-126634

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: Las estrategias de prevención de la toxoplasmosis congénita deben adaptarse a la epidemiología local de la infección por Toxoplasma gondii. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la prevalencia y la incidencia de la infección por T. gondii en mujeres en edad fértil en Albacete. Métodos: La fuente de información fue la base de datos del Laboratorio de Microbiología del Hospital General de Albacete. Para conocer la prevalencia se revisaron los resultados de las determinaciones de IgG anti-T. gondii en mujeres embarazadas que dieron a luz en el año 2006. Para estimar la incidencia se realizó un estudio longitudinal retrospectivo de mujeres seronegativas con determinaciones de IgG anti-T. gondii repetidas durante al menos un año. Resultados: Estudio de prevalencia: Se estudió a 2.623 mujeres gestantes de las que el 21% fueron seropositivas. La seroprevalencia en mujeres nacidas en España fue del 16% (IC 95% = 14%-17%) y aumentó con la edad desde el 9% en menores de 25 años hasta el 22% en mayores de 34. El 51% (IC95%=46%-56%) de las mujeres inmigrantes fueron seropositivas. Estudio de incidencia: Se estudió a 2.416 mujeres. La mediana del tiempo en riesgo fue de 35 meses. Hubo 5 seroconversiones confirmadas y 3 posibles. La incidencia de seroconversiones fue de 0,7-1,1 por 1.000 mujeres-año. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la infección por T. gondii en mujeres nacidas en España fue la más baja de las publicadas hasta ahora. La incidencia de la infección en mujeres en edad fértil fue baja (AU)


Background: Strategies to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis must be adapted to the local epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection. The objective of this study was to know the prevalence and the incidence of T. gondii infection in women of childbearig age in Albacete. Methods: The source of information was the database of the Microbiology Laboratory of the Albacete General Hospital. To know the prevalence we reviewed the results of T. gondii IgG determinations from pregnant women living in the Albacete area who gave birth in 2006. To estimate the incidence we performed a longitudinal retrospective study of seronegative women with repeated T. gondii IgG determinations over at least one year. Results: Prevalence study: We studied 2,623 pregnant women, of whom 21% were seropositive. Seroprevalence in Spain-born women was 16% (95% CI = 14%-17%) and it increased with age from 9% in women under 25 to 22% in women over 34 years old. Fifty-one per cent (95% CI=46%-56%) of the immigrant women were seropositive. Incidence study: We studied 2,416 women. The median time at risk was 35 months. There were 5 confirmed and 3 possible seroconversions. The incidence was 0.7-1.1 seroconversions per 1,000 women-year. Conclusions: Prevalence of T. gondii infection among Spain-born women is the lowest one of those published so far. The incidence of infection among women of childbearing age was low (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Toxoplasma/isolation & purification , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis/prevention & control , Toxoplasmosis/physiopathology , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/epidemiology , Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/prevention & control , Retrospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Spain/epidemiology
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