Children at risk of diabetes type 1. Treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine plus nicotinamide - case reports.

UNLABELLED: Abstract Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine (50 mg/kg/day) and nicotinamide (25 mg/kg/day) in children at risk of type 1 diabetes. This treatment was effective and harmless in experimental type 1 diabetes in mice. PATIENTS: Nine out of seventy healthy participants of the type 1 diabetes risk study were treated. They were typified for diabetes with HLA-DQB1 and positive autoantibodies. Children with a first peak of insulin response ≤48 µU were randomly distributed in control and treated patients. Children evolution was followed with an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Control children were treated when was another risk parameter was added. During their evolution all children were treated. RESULTS: Treatment periods differ (range: 120-16 months) because children began treatment at different times. During the treatment 4 patients recovered their parameters and the medication was suspended; 2 patients continued the treatment with favorable evolution. Two children evolved slowly with normal growth and development. One girl became diabetic because she was treated late. CONCLUSIONS: In children at risk, this treatment delays the development or remits the evolution of type 1 diabetes.

Baja ingesta de yodo durante la gestación / Low iodine intake during pregnancy

Introducción El yodo es un micronutriente esencial en la alimentación de la embarazada que transfiere al embrión-feto a través del transporte placentario. Existen antecedentes de su importancia para el desarrollo neurológico, pero no ha sido estudiada la relación entre ingesta de yodo y peso placentario ni su repercusión en el neonato (RN).Materiales y métodos Se analizó ingesta de yodo en 77 embarazadas, mediante eliminación urinaria de yodo (EUI) con la técnica modificada por Pino (normal ≥150μg/l). Se midió el peso placentario (PP: normal ≥500g). En el recién nacido se evaluó peso, talla y perímetro cefálico (PC). Se obtuvo el índice placentario (IP: peso placentario/ peso recién nacido) considerando normal ≥0,15.ResultadosLa EUI fue normal en 50 embarazadas (media±DE, 279μg/l±70,22μg/l) y disminuida en 27 (94μg/l ±31,49μg/l). Los RN de madres con EUI baja tenían un peso (3.357g±416,30g; n: 27) no diferente a las madres con yodurias normales (3.489g±560,59g; n: 50). Pero las madres con EUI bajo tenían un 44% de placentas con PP<500g y el análisis de los PC en los RN con bajo PP mostró que eran estadísticamente menores (PP3500g: 36,05cm±0,55cm, n: 54; PP<500g: 33,93cm±15cm, n: 23, p<0,019). El estudio con los IP fue similar aunque no alcanzó la significación estadística 0,17±0,04 (p: 0,066). Los demás parámetros no mostraron diferencias significativas. Conclusión El estudio evidencia una relación entre el PP y PC. Este hallazgo puede ser relacionado con la ingesta de yodo durante el embarazo (AU)

Introduction Iodine is considered to be an essential micronutrient in pregnant women. Iodine placental transport to the embryo-fetus is essential for hormone synthesis and is crucial for nervous system development. However, the relationship between iodine intake and placental weight and its potential implications for the newborn have not been studied. Material and methods Iodine intake was analyzed in 77 pregnant women based on urinary iodine excretion (UIE) levels, measured using Pino's modified method (normal value, ≥150μg/L). Placental weight was measured (PW: normal, ≥500g). In the newborn, weight, height, and head perimeter (HP) were also measured. Placental index (PI: placental weight/newborn weight) was calculated, and was considered normal if ≥0.15.ResultsUIE was normal in 50 pregnant women (mean±SD, 279±70.22μg/L) and decreased in 27 (94±31.49μg/L). Newborns of mothers with low UIE had a similar weight (3357±416.30g; n: 27) to those of mothers with normal UIE (3489±560.59g; n: 50). Forty-four percent of mothers with low UIE had PW <500g, and statistically lower HPs were found in newborns of mothers with low PW (PW3 500g: 36.05±0.55cm, n: 54; PW<500g: 33.93±15cm, n: 23, p<0.019). Similar results were found with PI, but they did not reach statistical significance (0.17±0.04; p=0.066). No differences were seen in all other parameters. Conclusion The study suggests the existence of a relationship between PW and HP. This finding may be related to iodine intake during pregnancy (AU)

Low iodine intake during pregnancy: relationship to placental development and head circumference in newborn.

INTRODUCTION: Iodine is considered to be an essential micronutrient in pregnant women. Iodine placental transport to the embryo-fetus is essential for hormone synthesis and is crucial for nervous system development. However, the relationship between iodine intake and placental weight and its potential implications for the newborn have not been studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Iodine intake was analyzed in 77 pregnant women based on urinary iodine excretion (UIE) levels, measured using Pinós modified method (normal value, ≥ 150 µg/L). Placental weight was measured (PW: normal, ≥500 g). In the newborn, weight, height, and head perimeter (HP) were also measured. Placental index (PI: placental weight/newborn weight) was calculated, and was considered normal if ≥0.15. RESULTS: UIE was normal in 50 pregnant women (mean ± SD, 279 µg/L ± 70.22 µg/L) and decreased in 27 (94 µg/L ± 31.49 µg/L). Newborns of mothers with low UIE had a similar weight (3357 g ± 416.30 g; n: 27) to those of mothers with normal UIE (3489 g ± 560.59 g; n: 50). Forty-four percent of mothers with low UIE had PW <500 g, and statistically lower HPs were found in newborns of mothers with low PW (PW(3)500 g: 36.05 cm ± 0.55 cm, n: 54; PW <500 g: 33.93 cm ± 15 cm, n:23, p<0.019). Similar results were found with PI, but they did not reach statistical significance (0,17 ± 0,04; p=0.066). No differences were seen in all other parameters. CONCLUSION: The study suggests the existence of a relationship between PW and HP. This finding may be related to iodine intake during pregnancy.