ABSTRACT
The authors report the case of a patient with an unusually high number of diverticular formations (at least five), distributed along the entire duodenal tract. Following a review of the literature on this subject, the authors focus on the lack of symptoms manifested by duodenal diverticula, even if they are numerous and large in size, and on the extremely rare reports of multiple diverticula, as in this case.
ABSTRACT
The adenylate cyclase system present in particulate fractions prepared from two planarian species was tested for sensitivity to various neurotransmitters. While dopamine and other catecholamines were ineffective, serotonin was capable of stimulating the enzyme. Among the various serotonin agonists tested, only 8-OH-DPAT resulted effective on the adenylate cyclase activity, thus suggesting the presence in planarians of a serotonin receptor of the type 5-HT1A.
Subject(s)
Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism , Dopamine/metabolism , Platyhelminths/enzymology , Receptors, Serotonin/analysis , Second Messenger Systems/drug effects , Serotonin/physiology , 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin , Animals , Humans , Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects , Species Specificity , Tetrahydronaphthalenes/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The adenylate cyclase of the sea urchin egg is stimulated by dopamine in the presence of GTP. The enzyme activity is strongly enhanced when Gpp (NH)p is substituted for GTP, or after cholera toxin treatment. Gramine, an indolamine derivative, brings about non-competitive inhibition of the dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Pertussis toxin causes an attenuation of the gramine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase. These results show that dopamine and indolamine derivatives partecipate in the regulation of the adenylate cyclase activity of the sea urchin egg.
Subject(s)
Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism , Alkaloids/pharmacology , Dopamine/pharmacology , Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/metabolism , Adenylate Cyclase Toxin , Animals , Cholera Toxin/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Guanosine Triphosphate/pharmacology , Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate/pharmacology , Indole Alkaloids , Pertussis Toxin , Sea Urchins , Virulence Factors, Bordetella/pharmacologyABSTRACT
After an examination of the anatomopathological and clinical features of duodenal diverticula, the various ancillary pathologies are analysed as are the complications linked to the diverticulum itself. A meticulous review of the literature and several personal surgical cases confirms the view that only those diverticula causing evident symptoms or complications should be treated. The various surgical techniques selected as appropriate for the different cases are also described.
