Consideraciones periodontales del paciente adulto mayor: parte I / Periodontal considerations elderly patient: part I

El envejecimiento es un proceso dinámico de modificaciones morfológicas, funcionales, psicológicas y bioquímicas que se inician en el momento del nacimiento y se desarrollan a lo largo de nuestras vidas. Envejecer no es lo mismo que enfermarse; en el camino hacia el envejecimiento se van produciendo cambios en los órganos y sistemas. En este proceso aumenta el riesgo de adquirir enfermedades e incapacidades, y con ello, la necesidad de trazar metas para mejorar la salud bucal y periodontal del adulto mayor. La enfermedad periodontal constituye una causa importante de pérdida dental. Clásicamente se había aceptado que la pérdida de inserción epitelial y de hueso alveolar eran cambios periodontales relacionados con la edad, sin embargo, en la actualidad estas alteraciones no se corresponden con los fenómenos del envejecimiento propiamente dicho. En base a estas inquietudes, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir los cambios periodontales que ocurren en los adultos mayores con el fin de desarrollar estrategias específicas que permitan mejorar la salud bucal de este sector de la población y poner en marcha programas que incentiven el autocuidado, y hagan énfasis en el control de la higiene bucal en estos pacientes que presentan disminuidas muchas de sus capacidades físicas

Ageing is a dynamic process of morphological, functional, psychological, and biochemical changes that begin at the time of the birth and take place throughout our lives. Age is not the same illness; towards ageing changes in the organs and systems are produced. This process increases the risk of getting diseases and disabilities, and thus the need to set goals to improve oral and periodontal health of the elderly. Periodontal disease is a major cause of tooth loss. Had been classically accepted the clinical attachment loss and alveolar bone were periodontal changes related to age, however, currently these alterations do not correspond with the phenomena of ageing itself. Based on these concerns, this article is intended to describe the periodontal changes that occur in older adults in order to develop specific strategies to improve oral in this sector of the population health and implement programs that encourage self-care, and make emphasis on the control of oral hygiene in these patients who have diminished many of their physical capabilities

Regulation of glutamine synthetase 1 and amino acids transport in the phloem of young wheat plants.

The possible regulation of amino acid remobilization via the phloem in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by the primary enzyme in nitrogen (N) assimilation and re-assimilation, glutamine synthetase (GS, E.C. 6.3.1.2) was studied using two conditions known to alter N phloem transport, N deficiency and cytokinins. The plants were grown for 15 days in controlled conditions with optimum N supply and then N was depleted from and/or 6-benzylaminopurine was added to the nutrient solution. Both treatments generated an induction of GS1, monitored at the level of gene expression, protein accumulation and enzyme activity, and a decrease in the exudation of amino acids to the phloem, obtained with EDTA technique, which correlated negatively. GS inhibition by metionine sulfoximide (MSX) produced an increase of amino acids exudation and the inhibitor successfully reversed the effect of N deficiency and cytokinin addition over phloem exudation. Our results point to an important physiological role for GS1 in the modulation of amino acids export levels in wheat plants.