Antioxidant capacity of (+)-catechin visible-light photoirradiated in the presence of vitamin B2.

OBJECTIVES: Catechins are important components of human diet and have received special attention due to their antioxidant capacity. The purpose of this paper was to study the antioxidant action of (+)-catechin (CTQ) in the presence of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) as light-absorbing agent. Furthermore, two model compounds, catechol (CTC) and resorcinol (RSC), were selected in order to elucidate the reactive target of the CTQ molecule. The influence of pH-medium was investigated. METHODS: Stationary photolysis, polarographic detection of dissolved oxygen, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavengers, time-resolved near-IR phosphorescence detection, stationary, and time-resolved fluorescence and laser flash photolysis techniques were employed. RESULTS: CTQ interacts with riboflavin under visible-light photoirradiation as well as with different ROS which are generated in this mechanism. Radical-scavenging activity increases with increasing of pH-medium. DISCUSSION: pH-effect of the medium on radical-scavenging activity comes from the increased electron-donating ability of CTQ upon deprotonation. These results are very interesting due to the fact that the pH of the food products displays important variations. The [Formula: see text]-scavenging ability of CTQ, would be equal to the additive contribution of each reactive center, CTC, and RSC, present at the molecule of CTQ. However, CTQ would have a moderate ability to removal of [Formula: see text]-species at pH 7.

Vancomycin-sensitized photooxidation in the presence of the natural pigment vitamin B2: Interaction with excited states and photogenerated ROS.

Sensitized photooxidation processes in the presence of natural pigments may provide an alternative to antibiotics degradation since these compounds are transparent to natural light irradiation, therefore, they can be degraded by the action of photosensitizers which absorb light and produce highly reactive species, especially those derived from molecular oxygen (ROS). Most antibiotics used currently belong to a group of pharmaceutical substances that have been considered a new type of contaminants due to their persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment. OBJECTIVE: In this context, we decided to investigate the kinetic and mechanistic aspects of Vancomycin (Vanco) photosensitized degradation in the presence of the natural pigment Riboflavin (Vitamin B2, Rf) and the artificial dye Rose Bengal (RB) for comparative purposes. METHODS: The study have been done by using Stationary photolysis, Laser flash photolysis, Time-resolved phosphorence detection of O2(1Δg) experiments and Bactericidal activity evaluation. The experiments were carried out in aqueous solution at different pH values in order to establish relationships between the structure of the compound and its susceptibility to ROS-mediated photooxidation. RESULTS: Experimental evidence indicates that in the presence of Rf there is considerable contribution of the radical-mediated mechanism, while in the presence of RB the photooxidation process occurs exclusively through O2(1Δg) and the reactivity to this excited species increases with increasing pH of the environment. DISCUSSION: The results obtained, have been shown that Rf can raise the photodegradation of Vanco by both the radical pathway and the O2(1Δg) mediated. Furthermore, the antibiotic is able to interact with the excited electronic states of Rf as well as O2(1Δg) generated by energy transfer between the excited triplet state of the photosensitizer and the oxygen ground state. The predominant mechanism for photodegradation of Vanco in the presence of the Rf is the radical via because of the considerable interaction with the excited triplet state of the photosensitizer demonstrated by laser flash photolysis experiments. Microbiological test on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 showed that the bactericidal activity of the antibiotic on the strain studied was affected by the sensitized photodegradation process, suggesting that photoproducts generated eventually do not retain the bactericidal properties of the original antibiotic.

Imported transmissible diseases in minors coming to Spain from low-income areas.

We prospectively studied the prevalence of imported transmissible diseases in 373 immigrant children and adolescents coming from Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and Latin America to Salamanca, Spain. The most frequent transmissible diseases in this group were latent tuberculosis (12.7%), chronic hepatitis B virus infection (4.2%), hepatitis C virus infection (2.3%), syphilis (1.5%) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 or 2 infections (1.4%). A total of 24.2% of patients had serologic profiles suggesting past hepatitis B virus infection. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies were not detected in any subject. Largely asymptomatic immigrant children show a high prevalence of communicable diseases. Thus, infectious disease screenings are highly advisable in immigrant children coming from low-income countries.

Interaction between Human Serum Albumin and antidiabetic compounds and its influence on the O2((1)Δg)-mediated degradation of the protein.

The complexity depicted by disease scenarios as diabetes mellitus, constitutes a very interesting field of study when drugs and biologically relevant components may be affected by such environments. In this report, the interaction between the protein Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and two antidiabetics (Andb), Gliclazide (Gli) and Glipizide (Glip) was studied through fluorescence and docking assays, in order to characterize these systems. On the basis that HSA and Andb can be exposed in vivo at high Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) concentrations in diabetic patients, the degradative process of the protein free and bound to Andb, in presence of the species singlet molecular oxygen (O2((1)Δg)), was evaluated. Fluorescence and docking assays indicated that Gli, as well as Glip bind to HSA on two sites, with binding constants values in the order of 10(4)-10(5)M(-1). Likewise, docking assays revealed that the location of Gli or Glip on the protein may be the HSA binding sites II and III. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the interaction between HSA and Glip is a favored, enthalpically-controlled process. Oxygen uptake experiments indicated that Glip is less photooxidizable than Gli through a O2((1)Δg)-mediated process. Besides, the protein-Andb binding produced a decrease in the overall rate constant for O2((1)Δg) quenching as compared to the value for the free protein. This fact could be interpreted in terms of a reduction in the availability of Tyrosine residues in the bonded protein, with a concomitant decrease in the physical quenching deactivation of the oxidative species.

Úlcera vulvar aguda o de Lipschütz: comparación de 2 casos clínicos / Acute vulvar ulcer or Lipschütz ulcer: comparison of two clinical cases

Se presentan 2 casos clínicos referentes a pacientes prepúberes con un cuadro clínico caracterizado por la aparición de úlceras vulvares asociadas con síntomas sistémicos y orofaríngeos en los días anteriores a la aparición de dichas úlceras. Se intenta ahondar en la importancia del diagnóstico diferencial entre las diferentes enfermedades infecciosas de transmisión sexual, siendo de vital importancia descartar la posibilidad de abusos sexuales en estas pacientes. La aparición de la úlcera vulvar aguda es rara, a menudo es infradiagnosticada por su baja incidencia y su difícil diagnóstico. Aunque es un cuadro autolimitado, el tratamiento temprano es importante para minimizar la sintomatología que se deriva. El diagnóstico se basa en la clínica y la exclusión de otras causas responsables de la aparición de úlceras vulvares. El tratamiento se fundamenta en la administración de antiinflamatorios y/o antipiréticos. También pueden administrarse anestésicos locales tópicos. La mayoría de las pacientes pueden tratarse de forma ambulatoria pero en ocasiones requieren ingreso para sondaje vesical, debido a la imposibilidad para la micción derivada del dolor que esto ocasiona

We present the cases of two prepubertal girls with a clinical picture characterized by systemic and oropharyngeal symptoms a few days before the appearance of vulvar ulcers. We aim to highlight the importance of performing a differential diagnosis among distinct sexually-transmitted diseases and of excluding the possibility of sexual abuse in these patients. The development of acute vulvar ulcer is rare and this entity is often underdiagnosed because of its low incidence and difficult diagnosis. Although this process is self-limiting, early treatment is important to minimize symptoms. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings and the exclusion of other causes of genital ulcers. Treatment is based on the administration of anti-inflammatory and/or antipyretic agents. Local topical anesthetics can also be used. Most patients can be treated as outpatients. If urination is impossible due to pain, hospital admission may be required for catheterization

Kinetic and mechanistic aspects of sensitized photodegradation of ß-lactam antibiotics: microbiological implications.

Amoxicillin (Amx) and cephalexin (Cfx) are ß-lactam antibiotics widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Two points of interest surrounding these molecules are the photodegradation of the molecules and their microbiological implications, as well as the persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment which may cause resistance to bacterial strains. The kinetic and mechanistic aspects of the photosensitized degradation of Amx and Cfx have been studied in water at pH 7.4 and 10 by stationary and time-resolved methods. Kinetic evidence indicates that the Rose Bengal-sensitized photooxidation of Amx at pH 7.4 proceeds via O(2)((1)Δ(g)) and O(2•-) mechanisms while at pH 10 the degradation path occurs, principally, via O(2)((1)Δ(g)). For Cfx, this process is attributed to O(2)((1)Δ(g)) and O(2•-). Photoproducts, which arise from the addition of oxygen atoms and subsequent oxidation of the groups -CH(3) to -COOH, were detected. For both antibiotics the bacteriostatic activity decreases in parallel to their photodegradation. The results of this study could potentially help scientists to better understand and predict the photodegradability of these antibiotics on living organisms and in different environmental compartments.

Neoplasias primarias sincrónicas de endometrio y ovario / Synchronous primary tumors of the endometrium and ovary

Los tumores primarios múltiples sincrónicos son los que, además de otros criterios, su diagnóstico se hace de forma simultánea. La aparición sincrónica de un carcinoma confinado al endometrio y al ovario es una patología controvertida desde el punto de vista diagnóstico y terapéutico. Dicha patología es rara; los cánceres primarios sincrónicos de endometrio y ovario se encuentran en el 10% de las mujeres con cáncer de ovario y en el 5% de los pacientes con cáncer endometrial. Se presenta un caso de adenocarcinoma endometrioide sincrónico con un cistoadenocarcinoma seroso papilar ovárico que, según la clasificación establecida por Eifel et al2, estaría englobado en el grupo C (constituido por carcinomas de endometrio y ovario de tipos histológicos diferentes). Su etiología es incierta, y en el 45% de las pacientes del grupo C hay invasión miometrial, frente al 10% de las pacientes del grupo A (neoplasias tipo endometrioide idénticas, el tanto en el útero como en el ovario, que constituyen el grupo histológico más frecuente) (AU)

Synchronous multiple primary tumors are those that are diagnosed simultaneously, among other criteria. Synchronous appearance of a carcinoma localized in the endometrium and ovary is controversial from a therapeutic and diagnostic point of view. These entities are rare; synchronous primary cancers of the endometrium and ovary are found in 10% of women with ovarian cancer and in 5% of women with endometrial cancer. We present a case of synchronous endometrioid adenocarcinoma with serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary that, according to the classification established by Eifel et al., would be included in group C (composed of carcinomas of the endometrium and ovary of different histological types). The etiology is unclear and, in 45% of patients in group C, there is myometrial invasion, compared with 10% of the patients in group A (concordant endometrioid tumors of the uterus and ovary, which constitute the most frequent histological group) (AU)

Singlet molecular oxygen [O2(1Deltag)]-mediated photodegradation of tyrosine derivatives in the presence of cationic and neutral micellar systems.

The kinetics of rose bengal-sensitized photooxidation of tyrosine and several tyrosine-derivatives (tyr-D) named tyrosine methyl ester, tyrosine ethyl ester and tyrosine benzyl ester was studied in buffered pH 11 water, and buffered pH 11 micellar aqueous solutions of 0.01 M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and 0.01 M-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol [triton X100 (TX100)]. Through time-resolved phosphorescence detection of singlet molecular oxygen (O(2)((1)Delta(g))) and polarographic determination of oxygen consumption, the respective bimolecular rate constants for reactive (k(r)) and overall (k(t)) quenching of the oxidative species by tyr-D were evaluated. Both rate constants behave in different fashion depending on the particular reaction medium. k(r)/k(t) values, increase in the sense CTAC<

[Analysis of the causes and predictive factors for discontinuing treatment with tenofovir in pretreated HIV patients]. / Análisis de las causas y factores predictivos de discontinuación del tratamiento con tenofovir en pacientes VIH pretratados.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and causes for discontinuing treatment with tenofovir and analyse possible predictive factors for changing this therapy in pretreated HIV patients. METHOD: A multi-centre, observational and retrospective study of all HIV patients undergoing treatment with tenofovir between July 2002 and December 2005. Data were obtained from databases for outpatients attending the three pharmacy departments participating in the study, and by reviewing clinical histories. The main sociodemographic, clinical and analytical variables at the start of treatment with tenofovir were collected. The causes for discontinuing treatment were classified as follows: adverse effects, virological failure, death and "other causes". A survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method to analyse the possible predictive factors for discontinuing treatment. RESULTS: A total of 733 patients were included in the study and the median treatment period was 34.7 months. A total of 23.8% of patients discontinued treatment for the following reasons: adverse effects (43.2%), death (17.7%), virological failure (14.8%) and "other causes" (24.4%). There were 99 cases of lost to follow-up. In the survival analysis an association was found between normal serum creatinine values (p = 0.0042) at the start of treatment and the statistically significant probability of discontinuing treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Almost a quarter of the patients discontinued treatment with tenofovir during the study. The main cause for this was adverse effects. No association was found between any abnormal basal analytical parameter and a greater probability of discontinuing treatment.

Análisis de las causas y factores predictivos de discontinuación del tratamiento con tenofovir en pacientes VIH pretratados / No disponible

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y las causas de discontinuacióndel tratamiento con tenofovir y analizar los posibles factorespredictores de cambio de esta terapia en pacientes VIHpretratados.Método: Estudio multicéntrico, observacional y retrospectivode todos los pacientes VIH en tratamiento con tenofovir entrejulio-2002 y diciembre-2005. Los datos fueron obtenidos a travésde las bases de datos de pacientes externos de los tres servicios defarmacia participantes y de la revisión de las historias clínicas. Serecogieron las principales variables sociodemográficas, clínicas yanalíticas al inicio del tratamiento con tenofovir. Las causas de discontinuaciónse clasificaron en: efectos adversos, fracaso virológico,exitus y “otras causas”. Se realizó un análisis de supervivenciade Kaplan-Meier para analizar los posibles factores predictores dediscontinuación.Resultados: Un total de 733 pacientes se incluyeron en elestudio. La mediana de tiempo en tratamiento fue de 34,7meses. El 23,8% de los sujetos discontinuó el tratamiento. Lascausas fueron: efectos adversos: 43,2%, exitus: 17,7%, fracasovirológico: 14,8% y “otros motivos”: 24,4%. Hubo 99 casos deperdida de seguimiento. En el análisis de supervivencia, se asociótener niveles normales de creatinina sérica (p = 0,0042) alinicio del tratamiento con probabilidad estadisticamente significativade discontinuación.Conclusiones: Durante el estudio, casi una cuarta parte delos pacientes discontinuó el tratamiento con tenofovir. La principalcausa de discontinuación fueron los efectos adversos. No seasoció ningún parametro analítico basal anormal a mayor probabilidadde discontinuación de tratamiento

Objective: To determine the frequency and causes for discontinuingtreatment with tenofovir and analyse possible predictivefactors for changing this therapy in pretreated HIV patients.Method: A multi-centre, observational and retrospectivestudy of all HIV patients undergoing treatment with tenofovirbetween July 2002 and December 2005. Data were obtainedfrom databases for outpatients attending the three pharmacydepartments participating in the study, and by reviewing clinicalhistories. The main sociodemographic, clinical and analyticalvariables at the start of treatment with tenofovir were collected.The causes for discontinuing treatment were classified as follows:adverse effects, virological failure, death and “other causes”.A survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meiermethod to analyse the possible predictive factors for discontinuingtreatment.Results: A total of 733 patients were included in the studyand the median treatment period was 34.7 months. A total of23.8% of patients discontinued treatment for the following reasons:adverse effects (43.2%), death (17.7%), virological failure(14.8%) and “other causes” (24.4%). There were 99 cases of lostto follow-up. In the survival analysis an association was foundbetween normal serum creatinine values (p = 0.0042) at the startof treatment and the statistically significant probability of discontinuingtreatment.Conclusions: Almost a quarter of the patients discontinuedtreatment with tenofovir during the study. The main cause for thiswas adverse effects. No association was found between anyabnormal basal analytical parameter and a greater probability ofdiscontinuing treatment

La situación internacional y la revista Farmacia Hospitalaria / No disponible

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Molecular epidemiology of drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in Spain.

One hundred and forty-seven Salmonella serotype Typhimurium strains isolated in three provinces in the midwest of Spain were studied. Of these, 93.6% were drug resistant. There were two predominant resistance phenotypes: 43 isolates (29.3%) were resistant to amoxicillin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole and 27 isolates (18.4%) to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed for molecular typing. Thirty-six DNA band profiles were differentiated by RAPD, and 38 by PFGE. We found a high level of clonality; 27% of strains were identical by both methods. There were additional smaller clonal lines within every area. The highest discriminatory power was obtained with PFGE, but the greatest degree of genetic diversity was observed among Salmonella Typhimurium using both RAPD and PFGE.

Hysteroscopic evaluation of endometrial polyps.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the validity of hysteroscopy for predicting cancer in endometrial polyps based on their number, size and hysteroscopic appearance. METHOD: Retrospective observational study of 653 women diagnosed hysteroscopically as having endometrial polyps. After outpatient or surgical hysteroscopic resection or resection following hysterectomy, the diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. The incidence of cancer in women who had polyps was determined in the light of menopausal status, symptoms, size, number and appearance of the polyps. RESULT: Carcinoma was found in only 3.9% of the women who consulted for menopausal metrorrhagia and were diagnosed as having a polyp. Hysteroscopy had a sensitivity of 36% and a specificity of 98% for a diagnosis of cancerous polyp or atypical hyperplasia. CONCLUSION: The appearance and number of endometrial polyps seen by hysteroscopy may be useful in predicting cancer in the polyps, although resection and histological examination will still be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Molecular epidemiology of drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in Spain

One hundred and forty-seven Salmonella serotype Typhimurium strains isolated in three provinces in the midwest of Spain were studied. Ofthese, 93.6% were drug resistant. There were two predominant resistance phenotypes: 43 isolates (29.3%) were resistant to amoxicillin, tetracyclines,chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole and 27 isolates (18.4%) to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracyclines,chloramphenicol, streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and pulsed field gelelectrophoresis (PFGE) were performed for molecular typing. Thirty-six DNA band profiles were differentiated by RAPD, and 38 by PFGE. Wefound a high level of clonality; 27% of strains were identical by both methods. There were additional smaller clonal lines within every area.The highest discriminatory power was obtained with PFGE, but the greatest degree of genetic diversity was observed among SalmonellaTyphimurium using both RAPD and PFGE

Se estudiaron 147 de cepas de Salmonella serotipificadas como Typhimurium procedentes de tres provincias españolas del medio-oeste. El93,6% de ellas eran resistentes a los antimicrobianos. Hubo dos fenotipos de resistencia predominantes: 43 cepas (29,3%) fueron resistentesa amoxicilina, tetraciclinas, cloranfenicaol, estreptomicina y sulfametoxazol, y 27 (18,4%) a amoxicilina, amoxicilina-ácido clavulánico, tetraciclinas,cloranfenicol, estreptomicina y sulfametoxazol. Los distintos patrones de resistencia se determinaron por técnicas de biología molecular:RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) y PFGE (Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis). Por RAPD se diferenciaron 36 patrones debandas, y por PFGE 38. Se encontró una proporción alta de clones: el 27% de las cepas fueron idénticas por ambos métodos. Además, encada área se encontraron algunos clones diferentes adicionales. Con PFGE se obtuvo el mayor poder discriminatorio, pero el mayor gradode diversidad genética se observó usando ambas técnicas conjuntamente

[An analisys fo causes for the discontinuation of a simplified antiretroviral regimen with abacavir, lamivudine and zidovudine]. / Análisis de las causas de suspensión del régimen antirretroviral simplificado abacavir, lamivudina y zidovudina.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the most common causes for the discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy, including the co-formulation of abacavir, lamivudine and zidovudine (ABC-3TC-AZT). METHOD: An observational, retrospective study was carried out on patients receiving antiretroviral therapy with ABC-3TC-AZT seen in the Pharmacy Department s outpatient unit from February 2002 through June 2004. The causes for discontinuation among patients withdrawing from this therapy were analyzed. Adherence was assessed using computerized dispensation records. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was designed in order to identify factors predictive of discontinuation. RESULTS: In all, 114 patients (85 males, 74.6%) received this therapy - 25.4% of them were naïve patients - and 34.2% (39/114) withdrew from this regimen, amongst them 44.8% (13/29) of naïve subjects. In 92.3% of cases this happened before treatment week 48. Discontinuation causes included: adverse reactions (46.1%), voluntary discontinuation (33.3%), clinical decision (15.4%), and other reasons (5.1%). A possible hypersensitivity reaction to ABC was reported for 9 patients. A greater likelihood of discontinuation was associated with detectable viral load at therapy onset, ex-parenteral drug abuser status, and naïve status (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of discontinuations due to adverse events and voluntary withdrawal was found, particularly early during treatment. Patients who may therapeutically benefit from this regimen, particularly naïve subjects, should be identified, and interventions to improve adherence and optimize recovery parameters should be implemented.

Análisis de las causas de suspensión del régimen antirretroviral simplificado abacavir, lamivudina y zidovudina / An analysis of causes for the discontinuation of a simplified antiretroviral regimen with abacavir, lamivudine and zidovudine

Objetivo: Identificar y analizar las causas más frecuentes de discontinuación de la terapia antirretroviral que incluye la co-formulación: abacavir, lamivudina y zidovudina (ABC-3TC-AZT). Método: Estudio retrospectivo observacional de los pacientesen tratamiento antirretroviral con ABC-3TC-AZT, atendidos en la unidad de pacientes externos del servicio de farmacia durante el periodo comprendido entre febrero de 2002 y junio de 2004. Se analizó la causa de discontinuación en aquellos pacientes que no siguieron con esta terapia. Se evaluó la adherencia mediante los registros informáticos de dispensación. Se diseñó un análisis de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier para identificar factores predictivos de discontinuación. Resultados: Un total de 114 pacientes (85 hombres, 74,6%) fueron tratados con esta terapia. Un 25,4% era naïve. El 34,2% (39/114) de los pacientes discontinuó el tratamiento. Entre ellos, el 44,8% (13/29) de los sujetos naïve. En el 92,3% del total de casos esto ocurrió antes de alcanzar las 48 semanas en tratamiento. Las causas de discontinuación fueron: reacciones adversas (46,1%), abandono voluntario (33,3%), decisión clínica (15,4%) y otros motivos (5,1%). Posible reacción de hipersensibilidad a ABC fue descrita en 9 pacientes. Se relacionó tener carga viral detectable al inicio del tratamiento, ser ex-ADVP, y paciente naïve, con mayor probabilidad de discontinuación (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Se encontró un alto porcentaje de discontinuación debido a efectos adversos y abandono voluntario, principalmente al inicio del tratamiento. Es necesario identificar a aquellos pacientes a los cuales este esquema les puede aportar un beneficio terapéutico, especialmente los sujetos naïve, y realizar intervenciones para mejorar la adherencia y optimizar así los parámetros de recuperación

Objective: To identify and analyze the most common causes for the discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy, including the coformulation of abacavir, lamivudine and zidovudine (ABC-3TCAZT). Method: An observational, retrospective study was carried out on patients receiving antiretroviral therapy with ABC-3TC-AZT seen in the Pharmacy Department’s outpatient unit from February 2002 through June 2004. The causes for discontinuation among patients with drawing from this therapy were analyzed. Adherence was assessed using computerized dispensation records. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was designed in order to identify factors predictive of discontinuation. Results: In all, 114 patients (85 males, 74.6%) received this therapy – 25.4% of them were naïve patients – and 34.2% (39/114) with drew from this regimen, amongst them 44.8%(13/29) of naïve subjects. In 92.3% of cases this happened before treatment week 48. Discontinuation causes included: adverse reactions (46.1%), voluntary discontinuation (33.3%), clinical decision (15.4%), and other reasons (5.1%). A possible hypersensitivity reaction to ABC was reported for 9 patients. A greater likelihood of discontinuation was associated with detectable viral load at therapy onset, ex-parenteral drug abuser status, and naïve status (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A high percentage of discontinuations due to adverse events and voluntary withdrawal was found, particularly early during treatment. Patients who may therapeutically benefit from this regimen, particularly naïve subjects, should be identified, and interventions to improve adherence and optimize recovery parameters should be implemented

Prescripción de medicamentos en receta y en informe de alta del servicio de medicina interna de un hospital general / Medicines given out on prescription and on discharge reports of the internal medicine service of a general hospital

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