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1.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep ; 72(19): 513-516, 2023 May 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37167123

ABSTRACT

In July 2021, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) laboratory identified a cluster of five Salmonella enterica serotype Thompson isolates related to one another within one allele difference, using whole genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST). These five isolates, submitted to the public health laboratory as is routine process for confirmatory testing of Salmonella, were highly related to those identified in a 2020 multistate investigation, during which traceback was conducted for sushi-grade tuna and salmon; a common supplier was not identified. The 2021 investigation commenced on August 5, 2021, with five patients living in Colorado, and one each in Missouri, Washington, and Wisconsin. During August-December 2021, CDC, CDPHE, public health and regulatory officials in several states, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted epidemiologic, environmental, and laboratory investigations of this multistate outbreak of Salmonella Thompson. Isolates were genetically related to one another and to 2020 isolates within zero to one allele difference. Implicated seafood products were traced to a single seafood distributor, in which the outbreak strain was identified through environmental sampling, and in which inspection identified inadequate sanitization and opportunities for cross-contamination of raw fish. The distributor issued a voluntary recall of 16 seafood items with high potential for contamination and completed remediation actions. This outbreak illustrated the importance of effective cleaning and sanitizing procedures and implementation of controls. When multiple products are recalled during an outbreak investigation, collaboration between public health agencies and implicated facilities can help provide food safety information to restaurants, retailers, and consumers, and to ensure disposal of all recalled products.


Subject(s)
Salmonella Food Poisoning , Salmonella Infections , Animals , Humans , United States/epidemiology , Salmonella Food Poisoning/epidemiology , Salmonella Infections/epidemiology , Salmonella/genetics , Seafood , Disease Outbreaks , Colorado/epidemiology
2.
Foodborne Pathog Dis ; 20(4): 123-131, 2023 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37015074

ABSTRACT

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-related foodborne illness globally. In 2018, the U.S. federal, state, and local public health and regulatory partners investigated a multistate outbreak of V. parahaemolyticus infections linked to crabmeat that resulted in 26 ill people and nine hospitalizations. State and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) laboratories recovered V. parahaemolyticus, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes isolates from crabmeat samples collected from various points of distribution and conducted phylogenetic analyses of whole-genome sequencing data. Federal, state, and local partners conducted traceback investigations to determine the source of crabmeat. Multiple Venezuelan processors that supplied various brands of crabmeat were identified, but a sole firm was not confirmed as the source of the outbreak. Travel restrictions between the United States and Venezuela prevented FDA officials from conducting on-site inspections of cooked crabmeat processors. Based on investigation findings, partners developed public communications advising consumers not to eat crabmeat imported from Venezuela and placed potentially implicated firms on import alerts. While some challenges limited the scope of the investigation, epidemiologic, traceback, and laboratory evidence identified the contaminated food and country of origin, and contributed to public health and regulatory actions, preventing additional illnesses. This multistate outbreak illustrates the importance of adhering to appropriate food safety practices and regulations for imported seafood.


Subject(s)
Foodborne Diseases , Vibrio Infections , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Humans , United States/epidemiology , Phylogeny , Venezuela/epidemiology , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Vibrio Infections/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks
3.
Int J Food Microbiol ; 113(1): 47-53, 2007 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16996156

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes isolates recovered from retail ready-to-eat (RTE) meats, raw chickens and fresh produce were characterized by serogroup identification using PCR, genotyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Five L. monocytogenes serogroups were identified. Of the 167 isolates 68 (41%) belonged to serogroup 1/2b, 3b; 53 (32%) belonged to serogroup 4b, 4d, 4e; 43 (26%) belonged to serogroup 1/2a, 3a; 2 (1.2%) belonged to serogroup 1/2c, 3c; and 1 (0.6%) belonged to serogroup 4a, 4c. PFGE generated 120 patterns which correlated well with PCR serogrouping. Most L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to sulfonamide (73%) and some were resistant to tetracycline (8.4%) and ciprofloxacin (1.8%). Tetracycline resistance was conjugatively transferable and the tet(M) gene was identified in 14 tetracycline-resistant isolates as well as their transconjugants. These findings indicate that L. monocytogenes present in food were diverse, and that resistance to one or more antibiotics among these isolates was common. In addition, the presence of potential serotype 4b in all food categories is of public health concern, as serotype 4b has been the serotype most frequently associated with human listeriosis.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Food Contamination/analysis , Listeria monocytogenes/classification , Listeria monocytogenes/isolation & purification , Phylogeny , Animals , Chickens , Consumer Product Safety , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Genotype , Humans , Listeria monocytogenes/drug effects , Meat/microbiology , Meat Products/microbiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Serotyping , Vegetables/microbiology
4.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 72(7): 5073-6, 2006 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16820508

ABSTRACT

Of 3,063 ready-to-eat food samples tested, 91 (2.97%) were positive for Listeria monocytogenes, and lineage 1 strains outnumbered lineage 2 strains 57 to 34. Seventy-one isolates (78%) exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance, and an L. monocytogenes-specific bacteriophage cocktail lysed 65 of 91 (71%) isolates. Determining phage, acid, and antibiotic susceptibility phenotypes enabled us to identify differences among strains which were otherwise indistinguishable by conventional methods.


Subject(s)
Food Contamination , Food Handling/methods , Listeria monocytogenes/classification , Listeria monocytogenes/isolation & purification , Meat Products/microbiology , Salmon/microbiology , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Bacteriophages/physiology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Florida , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Listeria monocytogenes/drug effects , Listeria monocytogenes/virology , Lysogeny , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Phenotype , Time Factors
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