How different attributes are weighted in professionals' decision-making in Pediatric Dentistry-a protocol for guiding discrete choice experiment focused on shortening the evidence-based practice implementation for dental care.

BACKGROUND: Important evidence has been constantly produced and needs to be converted into practice. Professional consumption of such evidence may be a barrier to its implementation. Then, effective implementation of evidence-based interventions in clinical practice leans on the understanding of how professionals value attributes when choosing between options for dental care, permitting to guide this implementation process by maximizing strengthens and minimizing barriers related to that. METHODS: This is part of a broader project investigating the potential of incorporating scientific evidence into clinical practice and public policy recommendations and guidelines, identifying strengths and barriers in such an implementation process. The present research protocol comprises a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) from the Brazilian oral health professionals' perspective, aiming to assess how different factors are associated with professional decision-making in dental care, including the role of scientific evidence. Different choice sets will be developed, either focusing on understanding the role of scientific evidence in the professional decision-making process or on understanding specific attributes associated with different interventions recently tested in randomized clinical trials and available as newly produced scientific evidence to be used in clinical practice. DISCUSSION: Translating research into practice usually requires time and effort. Shortening this process may be useful for faster incorporation into clinical practice and beneficial to the population. Understanding the context and professionals' decision-making preferences is crucial to designing more effective implementation and/or educational initiatives. Ultimately, we expect to design an efficient implementation strategy that overcomes threats and potential opportunities identified during the DCEs, creating a customized structure for dental professionals. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://osf.io/bhncv .

Family still matters: Human social motivation across 42 countries during a global pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused drastic social changes for many people, including separation from friends and coworkers, enforced close contact with family, and reductions in mobility. Here we assess the extent to which people's evolutionarily-relevant basic motivations and goals-fundamental social motives such as Affiliation and Kin Care-might have been affected. To address this question, we gathered data on fundamental social motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) across two waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered both before and during the pandemic (pre-pandemic wave: 32 countries, N = 8998; 3302 male, 5585 female; M age  = 24.43, SD = 7.91; mid-pandemic wave: 29 countries, N = 6917; 2249 male, 4218 female; M age  = 28.59, SD = 11.31). Samples include data collected online (e.g., Prolific, MTurk), at universities, and via community sampling. We found that Disease Avoidance motivation was substantially higher during the pandemic, and that most of the other fundamental social motives showed small, yet significant, differences across waves. Most sensibly, concern with caring for one's children was higher during the pandemic, and concerns with Mate Seeking and Status were lower. Earlier findings showing the prioritization of family motives over mating motives (and even over Disease Avoidance motives) were replicated during the pandemic. Finally, well-being remained positively associated with family-related motives and negatively associated with mating motives during the pandemic, as in the pre-pandemic samples. Our results provide further evidence for the robust primacy of family-related motivations even during this unique disruption of social life.

Fundamental social motives measured across forty-two cultures in two waves.

How does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts an evolutionary approach to capture the broad range of human social goals within a taxonomy of ancestrally recurring threats and opportunities. These motives-self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and kin care-are high in fitness relevance and everyday salience, yet understudied cross-culturally. Here, we gathered data on these motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) in two cross-sectional waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered in both waves. Wave 1 was collected from mid-2016 through late 2019 (32 countries, N = 8,998; 3,302 male, 5,585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91). Wave 2 was collected from April through November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic (29 countries, N = 6,917; 2,249 male, 4,218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). These data can be used to assess differences and similarities in people's fundamental social motives both across and within cultures, at different time points, and in relation to other commonly studied cultural indicators and outcomes.

Family Matters: Rethinking the Psychology of Human Social Motivation.

What motives do people prioritize in their social lives? Historically, social psychologists, especially those adopting an evolutionary perspective, have devoted a great deal of research attention to sexual attraction and romantic-partner choice (mate seeking). Research on long-term familial bonds (mate retention and kin care) has been less thoroughly connected to relevant comparative and evolutionary work on other species, and in the case of kin care, these bonds have been less well researched. Examining varied sources of data from 27 societies around the world, we found that people generally view familial motives as primary in importance and mate-seeking motives as relatively low in importance. Compared with other groups, college students, single people, and men place relatively higher emphasis on mate seeking, but even those samples rated kin-care motives as more important. Furthermore, motives linked to long-term familial bonds are positively associated with psychological well-being, but mate-seeking motives are associated with anxiety and depression. We address theoretical and empirical reasons why there has been extensive research on mate seeking and why people prioritize goals related to long-term familial bonds over mating goals. Reallocating relatively greater research effort toward long-term familial relationships would likely yield many interesting new findings relevant to everyday people's highest social priorities.

The University of São Paulo Twin Panel: Current Status and Prospects for Brazilian Twin Studies in Behavioral Research.

The University of São Paulo Twin Panel (Painel USP de Gêmeos), based at the Institute of Psychology of the University of São Paulo, started formally in 2017. Our registry is new, but in only two years of formal existence, it comprises a volunteer sample of 4826 registered individuals (98% twins and 2% higher-order multiples), recruited at the University of São Paulo and by social media campaigns. Our main aim is to conduct and promote research with twins on psychological processes and behavior. The University of São Paulo is the largest higher education and research institution in South America, and the Painel USP de Gêmeos has great potential for fostering research on twin-related issues from a psychological perspective in Brazil and South America.

O afeto sob a perspectiva do circumplexo: evidências de validade de construto / Core affect and the circumplex approach: Evidence for construct validity / El afecto bajo la perspectiva del circumplejo: evidencia de la validez del constructo

O afeto é um estado de prazer ou desprazer com diferentes graus de ativação e é constantemente vivenciado pelas pessoas. Objetivou-se com este estudo buscar evidências de validade e precisão de um instrumento de medida para avaliação de afeto em uma amostra de atletas. A amostra foi composta de 330 atletas (87,6% eram do sexo masculino), com média de idade de 21,8 anos (DP=5,36). O instrumento de medida utilizado na coleta de dados teve 26 pares de adjetivos que foram construídos com base em um circumplexo que representa um modelo possível para o afeto. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de procedimentos como estatística descritiva, análise fatorial e cálculo do alfa de Cronbach. Foram encontradas evidências de validade parciais para o instrumento de medida com três fatores. Sugere-se que sejam realizadas novas pesquisas para buscar evidências de validade e precisão acerca do afeto no contexto brasileiro.(AU)

Core affect is a feeling of pleasure or displeasure that varies in terms of activation, and it is constantly experienced by people. The aim of this study was to verify the validity and reliability evidence of a measurement instrument to assess core affect in a population of athletes. The sample was composed of 330 athletes (87.6% are male), with a mean age of 21.8 years (SD=5.36). The measurement instrument used for data collection included 26 pairs of adjectives based on a circumplex representing a possible model for core affect. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha. Moreover, partial validity evidence was found for a 3-factor solution. In conclusion, further studies are recommended to search for evidence of validity and precision regarding core affect in the Brazilian population.(AU)

El afecto es un estado de placer o desplacer con grados variables de activación y se experimenta constantemente en la vida de las personas. El objetivo de este estudio fue buscar evidencia de la validez y exactitud de un instrumento de medida para evaluación de afecto en una muestra de atletas. La muestra fue de 330 atletas (87,6 % varones) con una edad promedio de 21,8 años (DE=5,36). El instrumento de medición utilizado para la recolección de datos tuvo 26 pares de adjetivos que se basaban en un circumplejo que es un posible modelo de afecto. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante procedimientos tales como estadística descriptiva, análisis factorial y el cálculo de alfa de Cronbach. Se encontraron evidencias de validez parciales para el instrumento de medida con tres factores. Se sugiere que se realicen nuevas investigaciones para buscar evidencias de la validez y exactitud sobre el afecto en el contexto brasileño.(AU)