ABSTRACT
Visceral fat is highly correlated with metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and to assess the effect of a long-term (1 year) intervention with multidisciplinary therapy in predicting metabolic syndrome among obese adolescents, as well as to compare short- with long-term therapy. Eighty-three postpuberty obese adolescents were recruited, including 37 boys (body mass index [BMI], 36.19 +/- 3.85 kg/m(2)) and 46 girls (BMI, 35.73 +/- 4.42 kg/m(2)). Body composition was measured by plethysmography using the BOD POD body composition system (version 1.69, Life Measurement Instruments, Concord, CA), and visceral fat was analyzed by ultrasound. Metabolic syndrome was determined according to the World Health Organization criteria. Patients were assigned to a weight loss multidisciplinary intervention consisting of nutritional, exercise, psychological, and clinical therapy. At the beginning of therapy, we found that 27.16% of the obese adolescents presented metabolic syndrome, whereas only 8.3% did so after intervention. Indeed, in boys, BMI (36.19 +/- 3.85 to 32.06 +/- 5.85 kg/m(2)), visceral fat (4.88 +/- 1.35 to 3.63 +/- 1.71 cm), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (4.77 +/- 3.41 to 3.18 +/- 2.33), and percentage of body fat (38.24% +/- 6.54% to 30.02% +/- 13.43%) presented a statistically significant reduction; and their fat-free mass percentage increased (62.14% +/- 5.78% to 69.17% +/- 12.37%). In girls, after long-term therapy, BMI (35.73 +/- 4.42 to 33.62 +/- 3.78 kg/m(2)), visceral fat (3.70 +/- 1.40 to 2.75 +/- 1.01 cm), and percentage of body fat (46.10% +/- 5.66% to 39.91% +/- 5.59%) showed a statistically significant reduction; and their fat-free mass increased (53.61% +/- 5.65% to 59.82% +/- 5.78%). In conclusion, long-term multidisciplinary therapy was effective in promoting beneficial changes in some predictors and decreasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents.
Subject(s)
Combined Modality Therapy , Metabolic Syndrome/therapy , Obesity/therapy , Adolescent , Body Fat Distribution , Body Weight , Diet Therapy , Exercise Therapy , Female , Humans , Intra-Abdominal Fat/anatomy & histology , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Obesity/complications , Obesity/metabolism , Patient Compliance , Prevalence , Psychotherapy , Risk Reduction Behavior , Subcutaneous Fat/anatomy & histology , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Diet, Reducing , Exercise Therapy , Metabolic Syndrome/therapy , Obesity/therapy , Adolescent , Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Body Composition , Body Mass Index , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Insulin Resistance , Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Metabolic Syndrome/diet therapy , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Obesity/diet therapy , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/metabolism , Obesity/physiopathology , Prevalence , Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing due to its prevalence in obesity, diabetes, and insulin-resistance syndrome. The best treatment protocol for NAFLD has not been determined. However, there is evidence that exercise and nutritional intervention can improve and prevent it. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dietary and metabolic profiles of obese adolescents with NAFLD who participated in a multidisciplinary program. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 43 adolescents ages 15 to 19 years (17.18 +/- 1.66 years) with a body mass index (BMI) > or = 30, consisting of 30 patients without NAFLD (BMI = 35.80 +/- 3.44 kg/m2) and 13 with NAFLD (BMI = 33.47 +/- 2.34 kg/m2). The NAFLD diagnosis was determined by ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected to analyze glycemia, hepatic aminotransferase levels, and lipid profiles. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment insulin-resistance index (HOMA-IR). The analyses of baseline and postintervention food intake were made by a 3-day inquiry. RESULTS: At baseline conditions, the patients with NAFLD showed significant differences in body mass, BMI, and visceral and subcutaneous fat. Glucose and visceral and subcutaneous fat presented a significant reduction after treatment in patients with NAFLD. Analyzing the food intake, at baseline we observed a positive correlation between the visceral obesity and lipid consumption only in patients with NAFLD. We also observed significant decrease in energy and cholesterol consumption in patients with NAFLD after the multidisciplinary therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention promoted a decrease in the prevalence of NAFLD, a significant decrease in visceral obesity, and improved HOMA-IR, glycemia, and serum lipid levels that are risk factors for NAFLD. In summary, the multidisciplinary program is essential in the treatment and prevention of NAFLD.
Subject(s)
Fatty Liver/etiology , Nutritional Status , Obesity/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Body Fat Distribution , Dietary Fats , Energy Intake , Fatty Liver/blood , Fatty Liver/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Insulin Resistance , Male , Obesity/complications , Risk Factors , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, its pathogenesis and clinical significance remain poorly defined and there is no ideal treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the short-term (12-week) multidisciplinary therapy on visceral adiposity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease control. METHODS: We evaluated and compared the distribution of visceral adiposity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, by ultrasonography, in 73 post-puberty obese participants (17.01+/-1.6 years old; body mass index 36.54+/-2.86 kg/m), submitted to a multidisciplinary treatment without medications, at the beginning and after 12 weeks of intervention. Descriptive and one-way analysis of variance, and paired t-test were performed. RESULTS: The results indicated that after intervention the adolescents had a significant reduction in visceral adiposity (4.05+/-1.55 to 3.37+/-1.44) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease prevalence (from 52 to 29% on the right side and from 48 to 29% on the left side). It is a positive result because nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can progress to cirrhosis, even in children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term treatment suggests a profound impact on the control of obesity-related co-morbidities in young people.
Subject(s)
Fatty Liver/etiology , Obesity/complications , Obesity/therapy , Adiposity , Adolescent , Adult , Anthropometry , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Body Mass Index , Combined Modality Therapy , Diet, Reducing , Eating , Exercise , Fatty Liver/diagnostic imaging , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Insulin/blood , Life Style , Lipids/blood , Male , Obesity/diagnostic imaging , Obesity/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as alterações promovidas, por intervenção multidisciplinar, nas concentrações plasmáticas de grelina e leptina, adiposidade visceral e prevalência de esteatose hepática não alcoólica (NAFLD), em adolescentes obesos. Foram avaliados 28 adolescentes obesos, 16 meninas (IMC 34,58 ± 3,86kg/m²) e 12 meninos (IMC 37,08 ± 3,17kg/m²), com idade entre 15 e 19 anos, quanto à concentração de leptina, grelina, insulina, assim como a adiposidade visceral e o diagnóstico de NAFLD pelo método de ultra-sonografia. Os resultados demonstraram redução significante na concentração circulante de grelina e leptina e na adiposidade visceral (p < 0,01). Houve ainda redução percentual na prevalência de NAFLD, sendo este um resultado relevante, visto que esta doença pode progredir para cirrose, tanto em crianças quanto em adolescentes obesos. Este tipo de tratamento demonstrou ser eficiente na melhora do perfil metabólico e hormonal, contribuindo para o controle da obesidade e suas co-morbidades em adolescentes obesos.
The aim of this study was to assess the changes promoted by a multidisciplinary therapy in ghrelin and leptin concentrations, visceral adiposity and non-alcoholic fat liver disease-NAFLD, in obese adolescents. A total of 28 obese adolescents, 16 girls (BMI 34.58 ± 3,86 wt/ht²) and 12 boys (BMI 37.08 ± 3.17 wt/ht²), aged between 15 and 19 years old, was evaluated to leptin, ghrelin and insulin concentrations, visceral adiposity and NAFLD through ultrasonography. The results showed a significant decrease in ghrelin, leptin concentrations and visceral adiposity (p < 0.01). Moreover, a decrease in the NAFLD prevalence was observed. It is an important result, since this disease can progress to cirrhosis, not only in children but also in obese adolescents. This kind of treatment can be efficient to improve metabolic and hormonal profile, as well as, to control obesity and related co-morbidities in obese adolescents.
El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido evaluar las alteraciones promovidas por la intervención multidisciplinar, en las concentra- ciones plasmáticas de grelina y leptina, adiposidad visceral y prevalencia de esteatosis hepática no alcohólica - NAFLD, en adolescentes obesos. 28 adolescentes obesos, 16 chicas (IMC 34,58 ± 3,86 kg/m²) y 12 chicos (IMC 37,08 ± 3,17 kg/m²), con edades entre 15 y 19 años, fueron evaluados respecto a la concentración de leptina, grelina, insulina, así como a la adiposidad visceral y el diagnóstico de NAFLD por el método de ultrasonografía. Los resultados demostraron una reducción significante en la concentra- ción circulante de grelina y leptina y en la adiposidad visceral (p < 0,01). Hubo aún una reducción porcentual en la prevalencia de NAFLD, siendo este un resultado relevante, ya que esta enfermedad puede progresar hasta la cirrosis, tanto en niños como en adolescentes obesos. Este tipo de tratamiento demostró ser eficiente en la mejora del perfil metabólico y hormonal, contribuyendo para el control de la obesidad y su comorbilidad en adolescentes obesos.
