ABSTRACT
The sequence encoding part of the 100 kDa refractile body protein (Ea1A) from Eimeria acervulina was cloned into the US10 locus of herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) downstream of LTR promoter. Expression of the fusion protein was shown in vitro. Recombinant HVT showed a delayed and slightly reduced level of viremia compared to the parent strain in SPF chickens as well as in broilers. Effect on the performance of broilers vaccinated with recombinant or parent HVT was measured by challenge at day 24 with a high dose of E. acervulina and E. maxima oocysts. A significant improvement in weight of animals vaccinated with the recombinant HVT was detected at the end of the challenge period.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Protozoan/immunology , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Eimeria/immunology , Gammaherpesvirinae/genetics , Protozoan Vaccines/immunology , Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology , Animals , Antigens, Protozoan/genetics , Antigens, Protozoan/metabolism , Blotting, Southern , Blotting, Western , Cells, Cultured , Chick Embryo , Chickens , Coccidiosis/parasitology , Coccidiosis/prevention & control , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Gammaherpesvirinae/metabolism , Male , Poultry Diseases/parasitology , Poultry Diseases/prevention & control , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism , Restriction Mapping , Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms , Turkeys/virology , Vaccination/veterinary , Viremia/veterinaryABSTRACT
Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) mutants were constructed, carrying a beta-galactosidase marker gene integrated into the region downstream of the gene encoding the homologue of glycoprotein C (gC) of herpes simplex virus type 1. In cell culture, no differences in replication were observed between mutants and the parent FHV-1 strain. However, in experimentally infected cats, mutants caused fewer clinical signs after oronasal administration although they replicated to the same extent as the parental strain. Sequence analysis in the region of the UL segment surrounding the insertion site revealed an open reading frame (ORF 2) encoding a putative polypeptide of 21K. RNA analysis indicated a corresponding transcript of 0.8 kb that was detected late after infection of cells in culture. This particular UL locus downstream of the gC gene has not been thoroughly investigated in any of the herpesviruses. The putative gene product showed only limited evolutionary conservation since similarity could be found only with the assumed homologue of equine herpesvirus type 1. Further characterization of this newly identified FHV-1 gene involved in virulence may provide insight into the development of disease owing to herpesvirus infection.
Subject(s)
Genes, Viral , Herpesviridae/genetics , Herpesviridae/pathogenicity , Viral Envelope Proteins/biosynthesis , Algorithms , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Base Sequence , Cats , Cell Line , Cloning, Molecular , DNA Transposable Elements , Genome, Viral , Herpesviridae/metabolism , Herpesvirus 1, Equid/genetics , Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics , Herpesvirus 1, Human/metabolism , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Oligodeoxyribonucleotides , Open Reading Frames , Restriction Mapping , Transcription, Genetic , Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics , Virulence/genetics , Virus ReplicationABSTRACT
In a survey of cases of confirmed postmenopausal osteoporosis, 803 women were asked to complete a questionnaire on radiologically confirmed fractures sustained prior to and during drug therapy. Under monotherapy (fluoride or calcium, n = 92) the number of peripheral and central fractures was 54% and 49% lower, respectively. The corresponding figures with two substances (fluoride and calcium, n = 226) were 58% and 60%, with three substances (fluoride, calcium and estrogens or Vitamin D, n = 223) 83% and 72%, and with four substances (n = 254) 85% and 75%.
