ABSTRACT
EDITORIAL.
Subject(s)
Circumcision, Male , Pediatrics , Canada , Humans , Infant, Newborn , MaleABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The Canadian Pediatrics Society (CPS) recently released a position statement on early infant (newborn) male circumcision (EIMC). It concluded that since benefits do not exceed risks, circumcision should only be performed on boys in high-risk populations or circumstances. This contradicts recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) whose policies each support more widespread implementation of EIMC. Here we review the CPS statement, particularly its risk-benefit analysis, to determine the basis for this disparity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a risk-benefit analysis based on relevant literature retrieved from PubMed reporting frequency of each condition, giving emphasis to data from meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials. RESULTS: Although the CPS recognized some of the benefits of EIMC, its inclusion of weak studies of adverse events led to these being over-estimated, greatly exceeding the figure of < 0.5% found in a recent large, technically robust, CDC study. The CPS under-estimated benefits by omitting balanitis, balanoposthitis, prostate cancer, some sexually transmitted infections and candidiasis, and failing to consider lifetime prevalence of urinary tract infections in uncircumcised males. In contrast, our more inclusive risk-benefit analysis found benefits exceed risks by approximately 100 to 1 and that lack of EIMC contributes to adverse medical conditions, some potentially fatal, in approximately half of uncircumcised males. CONCLUSIONS: The 2015 CPS position statement on EIMC is at odds with the evidence. The CPS conclusions stem from errors in its risk-benefit analysis. In light of our findings we recommend the CPS issue a revised statement.
Subject(s)
Circumcision, Male , Long Term Adverse Effects/prevention & control , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Risk Assessment , Canada , Circumcision, Male/adverse effects , Circumcision, Male/methods , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pediatrics/methods , Risk AdjustmentABSTRACT
Male circumcision is highly protective against urinary tract infections, inflammatory conditions of the penis, sexually transmitted infections, and urogenital cancers. We aimed to reintroduce newborn male circumcision through the creation of a training program in Port-au-Prince, Haiti-an area with a considerable burden of preventable urogenital infections, sexually transmitted infections, and low circumcision rate-after an earlier study reported that a majority of Haitian medical providers were in need of and wanted newborn circumcision training. The program was conducted at the GHESKIO Health Centers, a large, non-governmental clinic offering comprehensive pediatric and adult health services. Two Haitian obstetricians and seven nurses learned circumcision procedures. On training completion, one of two obstetricians achieved surgical competence. Introduction of a newborn male circumcision training program was feasible, achieving an acceptable rate of procedural competency and high-quality services. Permanent resources now exist in Haiti to train additional providers to perform newborn male circumcisions.
