ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patients who have their pupils dilated for an eye examination traditionally have to wait several hours before their pupils return to normal size and their blurred vision (caused by paralysis of accommodation) resolves. Earlier studies with dapiprazole have demonstrated an accelerated reversal of dilatation. METHODS: Three regimens of dapiprazole were studied to determine the effects on pupil diameter and accommodation after mydriasis produced by 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide. Test regimens included one drop and 1 + 1 drop regimens, compared with a 2 + 2 drop reference regimen. Dapiprazole was administered in one eye and placebo in the other. Mean change from baseline was analysed for pupil diameter and accommodation at various time points after drug administration. Also, for the same variables, 90% confidence intervals for the areas under the curve (AUC) were computed. RESULTS: Both test regimens were equivalent to the reference regimen on the basis of mean change from baseline for pupil diameter and accommodation at individual time points, and for the mean AUC. Most signs and symptoms (injection, stinging, burning, lid oedema, and ptosis) were less frequent in the test regimen treated eyes. There was no significant interaction between regimen and eye colour. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that a lower dosage (for example, one drop) is also efficacious and has the added benefit of fewer side effects.
Subject(s)
Accommodation, Ocular/drug effects , Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology , Pupil/drug effects , Triazoles/pharmacology , Administration, Topical , Adolescent , Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/adverse effects , Adult , Cross-Over Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Double-Blind Method , Eye Color/drug effects , Female , Humans , Male , Phenylephrine/antagonists & inhibitors , Piperazines , Triazoles/administration & dosage , Triazoles/adverse effects , Tropicamide/antagonists & inhibitorsSubject(s)
Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Heart Failure/embryology , Pregnancy, Multiple , Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , RiskABSTRACT
An isodicentric X chromosome (46, X idic (X)(pter leads to qter::qter leads to pter)) with a single functioning centromere was found in all lymphocytes and fibroblasts examined from a female patient 171.5 cm in height presenting with primary amenorrhoea. Replication of the abnormal chromosome was consistently late. In some cells the pattern was asymmetrical but the asymmetry did not appear to relate to the position of the active centromere.
Subject(s)
Dosage Compensation, Genetic , Gonadal Dysgenesis/genetics , Sex Chromosomes/ultrastructure , X Chromosome/ultrastructure , Adolescent , Amenorrhea/genetics , Chromosome Banding , Female , Humans , Sex Chromosome Aberrations/geneticsABSTRACT
While the act of self-enucleation is rare, other self-inflicted eye injuries may be more common. Six patients are reported who have documented histories of ocular self-mutilation. Several common factors are observed in these patients and in other cases reported in the literature: (1) the patient was judged to be psychotic; (2) the patient had a tyrannical conscience; (3) a source of guilt was present; (4) this guilt was displaced to the eye; and (5) an attempt at self-inflicted eye injury was followed by relief from anxiety when completed or by frustration when injury was prevented.
Subject(s)
Eye Injuries/psychology , Self Mutilation/psychology , Adult , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/psychology , Female , Guilt , Humans , Male , Religion and Psychology , Schizophrenia, Paranoid/psychology , Schizophrenic PsychologyABSTRACT
A study of 336 men attending a subfertility clinic but otherwise unselected, and a further 12 men studied as a part of the investigation of the female partner, revealed 10 with major chromosome anomaly and 3 with unambiguous chromosomal variants. In addition to those with sex chromosome aneuploidy, an extra, small marker chromosome and D/D Robertsonian translocations, anomalies which have been reported in other studies, there were 7 men with rearrangements, including a paracentric inversion of chromosome 7 and an X/21 reciprocal translocation. These would have been difficult or impossible to identify without good banded preparations, suggesting that such rearrangement may be more frequent in association with subfertility than was appreciated.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Infertility, Male/genetics , Adult , Cell Count , Chromosome Banding , Humans , Karyotyping , Male , Sex Chromosome Aberrations , Spermatozoa/cytology , Translocation, GeneticABSTRACT
Haemolytic anaemia apparently induced by pregnancy is reported in an otherwise healthy woman, with a negative family history. Folate deficiency, haemoglobinopathies, enzymopathies, hereditary spherocytosis, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, interstitial haematomata, hypertensive toxaemia, auto-immunity and infections were excluded. The autohaemolysis test showed increased lysis in the presence of added glucose. This abnormality was corrected by insulin when excess glucose was present, but not by insulin alone. It is suggested that this patient's erythrocytes may have been altered by placental lactogen and/or prolactin in such a way as to make them abnormally dependent on insulin for the uptake of glucose.