Subject(s)
Bulimia , Feeding Behavior , Anthropometry , Diet Records , Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage , Energy Intake , Fasting , Female , Humans , Students , UniversitiesABSTRACT
The effect of 48 hours of water deprivation on the colonic temperature response to intrahypothalamic injection of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was investigated in adult male rats. Water deprivation did not alter colonic temperature of rats at a neutral ambient temperature. Administration of PGE1 at doses of 50, 200 and 400 ng gave rise to a short latency dose dependent hyperthermia in both control and water deprived rats. Water deprived rats had significantly greater increases in colonic temperature following the two higher doses of PGE1. Control rats and water deprived rats exposed to the cold (5 degrees C) had decreases in colonic temperature which were not significantly different. Water deprivation, which should increase the plasma levels of the putative endogenous antipyretic vasopressin, does not attenuate PGE1 hyperthermia but has a slight enhancing effect. Following food deprivation for 48 hours rats had a slight but significantly greater increase in colonic temperature following intrahypothalamic injection of 200 ng PGE1. Thus the water deprivation induced change in responsiveness to PGE1 may be due to the decrease in food intake which accompanies water deprivation. The mechanism by which rats exhibit an enhanced febrile response to PGE1 administration following food or water deprivation is not yet known.
Subject(s)
Alprostadil/pharmacology , Fever/physiopathology , Food Deprivation/physiology , Water Deprivation/physiology , Animals , Body Temperature/drug effects , Cold Temperature , Colon/physiopathology , Fever/chemically induced , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsSubject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Informed Consent , Students, Medical , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Female , Humans , Male , MastectomyABSTRACT
This study evaluates the results of group logoanalysis with selected hospitalized alcoholics using the Purpose in Life (PIL) Test as a before-and-after measure of therapeutic outcome in comparison with controls. Results suggest that closed-end logoanalysis groups are superior to open-end groups, and that both are superior to controls in improving the patient's sense of meaning and purpose in life as measured by the PIL.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/therapy , Psychotherapy, Group/methods , Alcoholism/psychology , Humans , Psychological TestsABSTRACT
Vestewig, Santee, and Moss have interpreted their 1976 study of graphoanalysis as wholly offensive to the validity of this system of personality assessment. But re-examination of their data reveals that some findings actually support the validity of graphoanalysis in spite of the fact that their methodology stacked the cards against the handwriting experts. Suggestions are made as to how this study could have been made comparable to those studies which show validity of handwriting analysis by the "global" or "holistic" method, and it is noted that under these conditions the results might have been quite different.
Subject(s)
Handwriting , Personality Assessment , Projective Techniques , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , PsychometricsABSTRACT
A new attitude scale to measure the strength of motivation to find meaning in life is herein developed to complement the Purpose in Life Test (PIL), which measures the degree to which meaning has been found. Both instruments were designed from the orientation of Frankl's logotherapy, which holds the "will to meaning" to be the strongest human motivation. Ss were: Group 1 "abnormal," 128 logotherapy patients, 20 methadone patients, 262 alcoholics; Group 2 "normal," 19 seminary students, 64 mixed college students, 123 female college freshmen. (Subgroup fractionations were studied independently.) Results support a predicted moderate negative correlation with the PIL and statistically significant construct validity in separating normal from abnormal populations. PIL-SONG combinations in the prediction of therapeutic outcome support the usefulness of the SONG as a supplementary instrument. The predicted differences are small, but in the expected direction.
Subject(s)
Goals , Motivation , Psychological Tests , Alcoholism/diagnosis , Boredom , Catholicism , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Heroin Dependence/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Prognosis , Psychotherapy/methods , StudentsABSTRACT
Graphoanalysis is the most systematically developed and best researched of all methods of handwriting analysis (genetically called graphology). This is a projective expressive movement that is neither better nor more poorly validated than most projective techniques as a means of personality assessment, which is inadequate because their subjectivity makes statistical study difficult. With all projective techniques "sign" or trait validation has been minimal, and the best validation has come from "global" or "holistic" methods. The present study presents a paradigm for the latter type of approach to handwriting analysis, using a matching technique with probabilities of 1/5, wherein five subjects were matched by people who knew them to one of five blind Graphoanalyses of the subjects' writing. This design is herein replicated five times, with total data significantly different from chance expectation (p less than .001), supporting the hypothesis that it is possible to evaluate personality through analysis of handwriting.