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Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 71(7): 237-245, 1 oct., 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-195708

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El trastorno neurocognitivo asociado al virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es un problema emergente a pesar del tratamiento antirretroviral. Los test de cribado que mejor se adaptan a la población española son la Brief Neurocognitive Scale (BNCS) y el Neu Screening. Desconocemos la magnitud del trastorno neurocognitivo en la población con VIH. OBJETIVOS: Comprobar si existe asociación entre la infección por el VIH y el trastorno neurocognitivo, y conocer su prevalencia. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal que compara a 24 pacientes con VIH y a 21 controles sanos, pareados por sexo, edad y nivel de estudios. Se utilizó la Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, el Neu Screening y la BNCS para el cribado neuropsicológico. Se consideró positivo un cribado con una alteración en uno o más test. RESULTADOS: Un 33,3% de los pacientes con VIH y un 33,3% de los controles sanos tuvieron un cribado positivo, sin diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. El cribado positivo presentó una relación significativa con ansiedad y depresión. Existe una correlación lineal positiva entre niveles nadir de CD4 y resultados del Digit Symbol, y entre nadir de CD4 y fluencia verbal. No hubo relación significativa entre VIH positivo y cribado positivo. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con VIH con buen control clínico presentan un perfil neurocognitivo sin diferencias significativas frente a la población control. Los niveles de CD4 son posiblemente una variable predictora para el desarrollo de trastorno neurocognitivo. La BNCS y el Neu Screening son buenas alternativas, pero resulta necesario un abordaje neuropsiquiátrico concomitante. Se precisan estudios con muestras mayores para confirmar la hipótesis alternativa


INTRODUCTION: Neurocognitive impairment associated to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a current problem despite the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment. The screening tests which best suit to Spanish population are Brief Neuro¬cognitive Scale (BNCS) and Neu Screening. We are unaware of our HIV populations neurocognitive impairment magnitude. AIMS. To verify if association between HIV and neurocognitive impairment does exist and to know its prevalence. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive and transversal study comparing 24 HIV-outpatients and 21 non-HIV-healthy control matched by age, gender and educational level. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Neu Screening and BNCS were used as neurocognitive impairment screening. Positive screening was considered with one or more abnormal test. RESULTS: 33.3% of VIH+ and 33.3% of healthy controls had positive screening without significant difference between both populations. Positive screening was significantly associated with anxiety-punctuation and depression-punctuation. A lineal correlation between CD4-nadir-levels and Digit Symbol and between CD4-nadir-levels and verbal fluency results were found. There was no significant relationship between HIV serology and screening result. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-patients clinically controlled had no significantly different neurocognitive profile compared to control population. CD4-nadir levels may be a predictor variable in terms of neurocognitive impairment development. BNCS and Neu Screening are reasonable alternatives for neurocognitive impairment screening. A concomitant psychiatric and neuro¬psychological assessment is necessary. Further studies with bigger samples are necessary in order to confirm the alternative hypothesis


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Neurocognitive Disorders/complications , HIV Infections/complications , Neuropsychological Tests , HIV Infections/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Anxiety/epidemiology , Anxiety/psychology , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/psychology , Risk Factors
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