ABSTRACT
The hitherto unknown 2,6-hexadecadiynoic acid, 2,6-nonadecadiynoic acid, and 2,9-hexadecadiynoic acid were synthesized in two steps and in 11-18% overall yields starting from either 1,5-hexadiyne or 1,8-nonadiyne. Among all the compounds 2,6-hexadecadiynoic acid displayed the best overall antifungal activity against both the fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains ATCC 14053 and ATCC 60193, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC of 11 microM), and against Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 66031 (MIC < 5.7 microM). 2,9-Hexadecadiynoic acid did not display any significant cytotoxicity against the fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains, but it showed fungitoxicity against C. neoformans ATCC 66031 with a MIC value of < 5.8 microM. Other FA, such as 2-hexadecynoic acid, 5-hexadecynoic acid, 9-hexadecynoic acid, and 6-nonadecynoic acid were also synthesized and their antifungal activities compared with those of the novel acetylenic FA. 2-Hexadecynoic acid, a known antifungal FA, exhibited the best antifungal activity (MIC = 9.4 microM) against the fluconazole-resistant C. albicans ATCC 14053 strain, but it showed a MIC value of only 100 microM against C. albicans ATCC 60193. 2,6-Hexadecadiynoic acid and 2-hexadecynoic acid also displayed a MIC of 140-145 microM toward Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in Middlebrook 7H12 medium. In conclusion, 2,6-hexadecadiynoic acid exhibited the best fungitoxicity profile compared with other analogues. This diynoic FA has the potential to be further evaluated for use in topical antifungal formulations.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents/chemical synthesis , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/chemical synthesis , Fatty Acids/chemical synthesis , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Candida albicans/drug effects , Fatty Acids/chemistry , Fatty Acids/pharmacology , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y descriptivo con el objetivo de determinar la incidencia de asma bronquial en 350 niños atendidos en la clínica rural Mariano Cestero de la provincia Dajabón durante el período octubre de 1996 a octubre de 1997. Encontrándose una tasa de incidencia de 14.6//, el 39.2// estaban comprendidos entre los 5-10 años y el sexo más afectado fue el femenino