Is rest-activity rhythm prospectively associated with all-cause mortality in older people regardless of sleep and physical activity level? The 'Como Vai?' Cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to test the association of rest-activity rhythm (intradaily variability and interdaily stability) with all-cause mortality in an older adult cohort in Brazil. It also assesses whether the amount of time spent at each intensity level (i.e., physical activity and nocturnal sleep) interferes with this association. METHODS: This cohort study started in 2014 with older adults (≥60 years). We investigated deaths from all causes that occurred until April 2017. Rest-activity rhythm variables were obtained using accelerometry at baseline. Intradaily variability indicates higher rhythm fragmentation, while interdaily stability indicates higher rhythm stability. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to test the associations controlling for confounders. RESULTS: Among the 1451 older adults interviewed in 2014, 965 presented valid accelerometry data. During the follow-up period, 80 individuals died. After adjusting the analysis for sociodemographic, smoking, morbidity score, and number of medicines, an increase of one standard deviation in interdaily stability decreased 26% the risk of death. The adjustment for total sleep time and inactivity did not change this association. On the other hand, the association was no longer significant after adjusting for overall physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSION: Rest-activity rhythm pattern was not associated with mortality when physical activity was considered, possibly because this pattern could be driven by regular exercise. Promoting physical activity remains a relevant strategy to improve population health.

Reading Lessons Planning With Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Mind: Needs-Based Assessment Proposal.

This study addresses the need to reinforce the reading learning of students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in general education classrooms. A standardized way of assessing support needs in reading (SNr) from the teachers' perspective is proposed. The objectives were (i) to develop an instrument and evaluate its properties and (ii) to preliminarily assess the support needs in reading of students with IDD. Participants were 86 Chilean elementary school teachers who responded about the support needs of their own students. The instrument assesses three dimensions (i.e., representation, engagement, and action and expression). Analyses showed excellent preliminary evidence of validity and reliability. Preliminarily identified support needs suggest that students need more support in representation. Practical and research implications are discussed.

Production of anti-inflammatory films based on cashew gum polysaccharide and polyvinyl alcohol for wound dressing applications.

In the present study, we aimed to produce CGP/PVA films containing entrapped anti-inflammatory drugs for wound dressing applications. Using a 33-1 fractional factorial design, the effect of each component was evaluated on the physicochemical and morphological properties of the produced materials. The best formulation for entrapment of diclofenac sodium and ketoprofen was also determined. The produced films presented high swelling capacity, with some formulations showing o porous structure. CGP/PVA films showed a maximum retention of 75.6% for diclofenac sodium and 32.2% for ketoprofen, and both drugs were released in a controlled manner for up to 7 h. The drug release kinetic was studied, and the data were fitted using a Korsmeyer-Peppas model, which suggested that the release mechanism is controlled by diffusion. These results indicate that CGP/PVA-based matrices have great potential to be used as drug-delivery systems for wound dressing applications, contributing to prolonging the drug's action time and then improving their anti-inflammatory efficacy.

Development of a Halochromic, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Starch-Based Film Containing Phenolic Extract from Jaboticaba Peel.

In this study, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, mechanical, optical, and barrier attributes of Solanum lycocarpum starch bio-based edible films incorporated with a phenolic extract from jaboticaba peel were investigated. Aiming to determine the effect of the polymers and the phenolic extract on the properties of the films, a three-factor simplex-lattice design was employed, and the formulation optimization was based on the produced films' antioxidant potential. The optimized formulation of the starch-PEJP film showed a reddish-pink color with no cracks or bubbles and 91% antioxidant activity against DPPH radical. The optimized starch-PEJP film showed good transparency properties and a potent UV-blocking action, presenting color variation as a function of the pH values. The optimized film was also considerably resistant and highly flexible, showing a water vapor permeability of 3.28 × 10-6 g m-1 h-1 Pa-1. The microbial permeation test and antimicrobial evaluation demonstrated that the optimized starch-PEJP film avoided microbial contamination and was potent in reducing the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. In summary, the active starch-PEJP film showed great potential as an environmentally friendly and halochromic material, presenting antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and high UV-protecting activity.

Influence of the metal - support and metal - metal interactions on Pd nucleation and NO adsorption in a Pd4/γ-Al2O3 (110D) model.

The role played by the metal - support (MSI) and metal - metal (MMI) interactions on two important processes in controlling the catalyst performance - nucleation and molecular adsorption - has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT), by means of B3LYP functional, combined with localized molecular orbital energy decomposition analysis (LMOEDA), and natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations, with aid of a Pd4/γ-alumina (110D) model (Pd4/Al13O23H7). Our results indicate the occurrence of an electronic metal - support interaction (EMSI) which induces a most intense charge transfer in the Pd4 → γ-alumina backdonation direction, most expressive in Pd → Al, promoting an electronic redistribution within the units and attenuating the MMI. Nevertheless, the MSI/MMI synergistic effect seems to favor slightly the nucleation of a fifth palladium atom, leading to a distorted square pyramidal arrangement for Pd5. The LMOEDA analysis points to a mostly covalent character in the Pd - Al bonds, whereas the Pd - O bonds are mainly electrostatic in nature. The palladium atoms deposited on oxygen anions are the acid centers, where both NO molecule and an additional palladium atom anchor more strongly. In addition, the MSI/MMI effect, through the electronic and geometric contributions, drives the adsorption of the NO molecule to the mode which most favors the Pd → NO (4dz2 → 2π*) backdonation (bridge mode). MSI and MMI effects on the nature of the Pd - O (electrostatic) and Pd - Al (covalent) bonds, charge transfer into Pd4/γ-Al2O3 (110D) interface (back donation) and preferential site for adsorption of a single NO molecule and an additional Pd atom (Pd - O).

Polysaccharide-Based Membrane Biocompatibility Study of Anacardium occidentale L. and Polyvinyl Alcohol after Subcutaneous Implant in Rats.

Polymeric membranes are a viable and sustainable option for the biotechnology industry from an economic and environmental point of view. In this study, we evaluated tissue response and tolerance to the implantation of a polymeric membrane prepared with cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) associated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The objective was to characterize the biocompatibility of the CGP/PVA membrane in vivo. Following the evaluation criteria of the ISO 10993-6 standard, we demonstrated that the CGP/PVA membrane showed moderate tissue reaction, with a non-irritating ISO pattern, a thinner fibrous capsule, and a smaller amount of collagen compared to the positive control group. At 30 and 60 days, the membrane presented a similar amount of mast cells to that observed in the negative control group. The data demonstrate that the CGP/PVA membrane presents biocompatibility in accordance with the ISO 10993-6 standard.

In vivo effect of orally given polyvinyl alcohol/starch nanocomposites containing bioactive peptides from Phaseolus vulgaris beans.

In this study, a nanocomposite produced with a blend of polyvinyl alcohol and partially hydrolyzed starch from Solanum lycocarpum was used as a matrix to entrap natural bioactive peptides from Phaseolus vulgaris. The nanocomposites were characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy. The nanocomposites were then orally administered to Wistar rats, and their absorption was determined using morphometric, histopathological, cytochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and biochemical analysis. Results showed that despite some aggregates being formed, the nanocomposites efficiently entrapped the natural peptides, with a loading capacity of 303.62 mg (45.7%) and an entrapment efficiency of 85.3% (267.02 µmol). Histochemical and morphological analysis revealed the absence of tissue injury and cellular changes, indicating the absence of deleterious and toxic effects. Transmission electron microscopy showed the internalization of the nanocomposites in the enterocytes, and biochemical analysis indicated that natural peptides were absorbed reaching the bloodstream.

Interstage Pressures of a Multistage Compressor with Intercooling.

This paper considers the criterion of minimum compression work to derive an expression for the interstage pressure of a multistage compressor with intercooling that includes the gas properties, pressure drops in the intercoolers, different suction gas temperatures, and isentropic efficiencies in each compression stage. The analytical expression for the interstage pressures is applied to estimate the number of compression stages and to evaluate its applicability in order to estimate interstage pressures in the operation of multistage compressors, which can be especially useful when their measurements are not available.

Benefits of prolonged-release pirfenidone plus standard of care treatment in patients with advanced liver fibrosis: PROMETEO study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pirfenidone (PFD), an oral antifibrotic drug, has been authorized by the EMA and FDA for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Few studies have addressed its use in advanced liver fibrosis (ALF). We evaluated a prolonged-release formulation (PR-PFD) plus standard of care on disease progression in ALF. METHODS: 281 ALF patients from 12 centers receiving PR-PFD (600 mg bid) were screened; 122 completed 1 year of treatment. Additionally, 74 patients received only standard of care regimen. Average age was 64 ± 12 years, 58% female. 43.5% had fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 22.5% viral hepatitis C (VHC), 17% autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and 17% alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Baseline fibrosis was F4 in 74% and F3 in 26%. Antifibrotic effects were assessed by transient elastography (Fibroscan®) and Fibro Test® (FT); Cytokines and PFD plasma levels were tracked and quality of life evaluated. RESULTS: We found a significant reduction in fibrosis in 35% of PR-PFD patients and only in 4.1% in non PR-PFD patients. Child-Pugh score improved in 29.7%. Biochemical values remained stable; 40.6% and 43.3% decreased ALT or AST, respectively. TGFß1 (pg/mL) levels were lower in PFD-treated patients. PFD serum concentration (µg/mL) was higher (8.2 ± 1.7) in fibrosis regression profile (FRP) patients compared to fibrosis progression profile (FPP) patients (4.7 ± 0.3 µg/mL, p < 0.01). 12% reported transient burning or nausea and 7% photosensitivity. Quality of life (Euro-Qol scale) improved from 62 ± 5 to 84 ± 3 (p < 0.001) and from 32 ± 3 to 42 ± 2 (p < 0.008) (FACIT scale). CONCLUSIONS: PR-PFD is efficacious and safe in ALF and associated with promising antifibrotic effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial number: NCT04099407.

Use of Statistical Design Strategies to Produce Biodegradable and Eco-Friendly Films from Cashew Gum Polysaccharide and Polyvinyl Alcohol.

This work reports the production and characterization of biodegradable and eco-friendly films based on cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), using the statistical design strategy. Results show that CGP/PVA films are pH stimuli-responsive, allowing their use in a magnitude of biotechnological applications. The morphological and dimensional characterization evidences a positive influence of polymers in the dimensional properties. In addition, the microstructural analysis shows that films have different morphologies depending on the content of polymers and oxidant agent. On the other hand, the thickness and light transmission values are positively influenced by CGP and PVA and negatively influenced by NaIO4. Results from mechanical properties show that the traction force is positively influenced by NaIO4, while the elongation is only affected by the PVA concentration. In summary, considering the morphological, optical and mechanical properties of the CGP/PVA films it is possible to suggest their utilization in different fields as promising packaging materials or matrices for immobilization and/or encapsulation of biomolecules.

Immobilization of antimicrobial trypsin inhibitors onto cashew gum polysaccharide/PVA films.

In this work, films produced by blending cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) with PVA were used as support for immobilization of trypsin inhibitors with antimicrobial activity obtained from Platypodium elegans (PeTI) and Inga laurina (ILTI). The produced films had a homogeneous macroscopic surface with an absence of bubbles and cracks. SEM of CGP/PVA confirmed the porous structure of these materials, being observed a high incidence of pores with a diameter ranging from 0.4 to 7 µm after swelling in a solution with basic pH. CGP/PVA-F2 presented improved mechanical properties when compared with CGP/PVA-F1, showing higher values of tensile strength and elongation. Results from immobilization efficiency proved that both CGP/PVA formulations were able to entrap trypsin inhibitors. However, the inhibitory activity of the immobilized PeTI was two-fold higher than that observed for ILTI, independently of the film formulation. The release profile of PeTI was similar in both formulations, with an increase in the amount of released inhibitor as a function of time. For ILTI, the CGP/PVA-F2 presented higher release than that from CGP/PVA-F1, achieving a maximum release after 720 min. Also, the released inhibitors showed high stability after 24 h of storage. This study confirmed that CGP/PVA films are versatile and efficient materials to be used as support for immobilization of biomolecules.

Interaction of polyelectrolyte complex between sodium alginate and chitosan dimers with a single glyphosate molecule: A DFT and NBO study.

The formation of a polyelectrolyte complex through dimers of alginate and chitosan in the presence of sodium cations (SA/CS), and its interaction with the glyphosate herbicide, has been investigated at the DFT level (B3LYP/6‒311+G(d,p)). The lowest energy structure for SA/CS presents one Na+ cation coordinated to both dimers and formation of two H-bonds involving COO- and NH3+. The coordination energy of Na+ contributes with about 40% of the total complex stabilization energy. LMOEDA method indicates important contribution of covalent nature to stabilization of SA/CS. This result is corroborated by NBO analysis which shows high contribution of lp(O)→σ*(NH) overlapping, with average energy of 30 kcal mol-1 for the formed H-bonds. Two water molecules neighboring the complex increases its stability and promotes an octahedral coordination arrangement around Na+. The glyphosate interacts with SA/CS coordinating to Na+ and bonding to the chitosan dimer by H-bond, in agreement to performed fluorescence microscopy measurements.

Difusão da política cicloviária no município de São Paulo: resistências, apoios e o papel da mídia / Difusión de la política cicloviaria en el municipio de São Paulo: resistencias, apoyos y el papel de los medios / Difusion of cycling policy in the city of São Paulo: resistance, support and the role of the media

Resumo São Paulo é uma megalópole com um padrão de ocupação marcado pelo protagonismo do automóvel, mas, recentemente, a agenda de mobilidade urbana ganhou novos significados e mobilizou novos atores. A partir da perspectiva teórica pós-positivista e das teorias de difusão de políticas públicas, buscou-se discutir como a ideia da política cicloviária se originou, se adaptou e enfrentou resistências no contexto político e social do município de São Paulo no governo Fernando Haddad (Partido dos Trabalhadores). Como resultado de pesquisa destacam-se, de um lado, o papel da comunidade política e epistêmica dos cicloativistas e o papel empreendedor do prefeito Haddad como elementos de apoio político. Em contraste, a imprensa paulistana desempenhou papel opositor à implementação da política, agindo como ator político no subsistema da política cicloviária, por meio do ataque sistemático à imagem das infraestruturas implantadas para as bicicletas.

Resumen São Paulo es una megalópolis con un patrón de ocupación marcado por el protagonismo del automóvil. Sin embargo, la agenda de movilidad urbana recientemente ganó nuevos significados y movilizó nuevos actores. Desde una perspectiva teórica post-positivista y de difusión de políticas públicas, se intentó reflexionar sobre como la idea de la política de ciclo movilidad surgió, se adaptó y enfrentó resistencias en el contexto político y social del municipio de São Paulo en el gobierno de Fernando Haddad (Partido de los Trabajadores). Como resultado de la investigación gana relevo el papel de la comunidad política y epistémica de los ciclo-activistas y el papel de emprendedor del alcalde Haddad como elementos de apoyo político. En contraste, la prensa paulistana ha jugado un papel de oposición a la implementación de la política, actuando como actor político en el subsistema de la política, por medio de ataques sistemáticos a la policy image de la infraestructura implantadas para bicicletas.

Abstract São Paulo is a megalopolis with a pattern of occupation marked by the prominence of the automobile. However, recently, the urban mobility agenda gained new meaning and new actors were mobilized. From the post-positivist and diffusion theoretical perspectives of public policies, the present work discusses how the idea of the cycling policy arose, adapted and faced resistance in the political and social context of the municipality of São Paulo under Fernando Haddad's government (Workers' Party). As a result of the research, on one hand, the role of the political and epistemic community of the cycling-activists and the entrepreneurial role of Mayor Haddad as elements of political support stand out. On the other hand, the São Paulo press played an oppositional role in the implementation of the policy, acting as a political actor in the subsystem of the cycling policy, by systematically attacking the image of the infrastructures implemented for the bicycles.

[Simultaneity of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in the elderly in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil]. / Simultaneidade de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis entre idosos da zona urbana de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

This study aimed to describe the simultaneity of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among the elderly (≤ 60 years) in a city in Southern Brazil. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of 1,451 elderly in 2013. Cluster analysis was applied to selected risk factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, excess weight, and physical inactivity). Logistic regression was used to assess the association between simultaneity of risk factors and socio-demographic variables. The most frequent cluster in men (18.1%) and women (30.7%) was physical inactivity + excess weight. The cluster alcohol consumption + excess weight exceeded the expected level in men (O/E = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.59) and women (O/E = 1.72; 95%CI: 1.35; 2.20). The presence of two or more risk factors in the elderly population (88.1%) points to the need for specific interventions for this population to fight risk factors simultaneously rather than separately.

Simultaneidade de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis entre idosos da zona urbana de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Simultaneity of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in the elderly in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil / Simultaneidad de factores de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles entre ancianos de la zona urbana de Pelotas, Río Grande do Sul, Brasil

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a simultaneidade de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em idosos (60 anos ou mais), residentes em uma cidade do Sul do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, realizado em 1.451 idosos em 2013. Com uma abordagem de análise de clusters, foi avaliado o agrupamento entre os fatores de risco em estudo (tabagismo, consumo de álcool, excesso de peso e inatividade física). Para a avaliação da associação da simultaneidade dos fatores de risco com variáveis sociodemográficas, foi utilizada regressão logística. O agrupamento mais frequente entre os homens (18,1%) e mulheres (30,7%) foi inatividade física + excesso de peso. As combinações consumo de álcool + excesso de peso excederam o esperado entre os homens (O/E = 1,27; IC95%: 1,01; 1,59) e mulheres (O/E = 1,72; IC95%: 1,35; 2,20). A presença de dois ou mais fatores de risco na população idosa (88,1%) aponta para a necessidade de intervenções específicas para esta população voltadas ao combate simultâneo dos fatores de risco e não de forma isolada.

Abstract: This study aimed to describe the simultaneity of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among the elderly (≤ 60 years) in a city in Southern Brazil. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of 1,451 elderly in 2013. Cluster analysis was applied to selected risk factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, excess weight, and physical inactivity). Logistic regression was used to assess the association between simultaneity of risk factors and socio-demographic variables. The most frequent cluster in men (18.1%) and women (30.7%) was physical inactivity + excess weight. The cluster alcohol consumption + excess weight exceeded the expected level in men (O/E = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.59) and women (O/E = 1.72; 95%CI: 1.35; 2.20). The presence of two or more risk factors in the elderly population (88.1%) points to the need for specific interventions for this population to fight risk factors simultaneously rather than separately.

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue describir la simultaneidad de factores de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en ancianos (60 años o más), residentes en una ciudad del Sur de Brasil. Se trata de un estudio transversal, de base poblacional, realizado en 1.451 ancianos en 2013. Con un enfoque de análisis de clusters, fue evaluado el agrupamiento entre los factores de riesgo en un estudio (tabaquismo, consumo de alcohol, exceso de peso e inactividad física). Para la evaluación de la asociación de la simultaneidad de los factores de riesgo con variables sociodemográficas, se utilizó la regresión logística. El agrupamiento más frecuente entre los hombres (18.1%) y mujeres (30,7%) fue inactividad física + exceso de peso. Las combinaciones consumo de alcohol + exceso de peso excedieron lo esperado entre los hombres (O/E = 1,27; IC95%: 1,01; 1,59) y mujeres (O/E = 1,72; IC95%: 1,35; 2,20). La presencia de dos o más factores de riesgo en la población anciana (88,1%) apunta la necesidad de intervenciones específicas para esta población dirigidas al combate simultáneo de los factores de riesgo y no de forma aislada.

New polyelectrolyte complex from pectin/chitosan and montmorillonite clay.

A new nanocomposite hydrogel was prepared by forming a crosslinked hybrid polymer network based on chitosan and pectin in the presence of montmorillonite clay. The influence of clay concentration (0.5 and 2% wt) as well as polymer ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) was investigated carefully. The samples were characterized by different techniques: transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, swelling degree and compression test. Most samples presented swelling degree above 1000%, which permits characterizing them as superabsorbent material. Images obtained by transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of clay nanoparticles into hydrogel. The hydrogels' morphological properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscope in high and low-vacuum. The micrographs showed that the samples presented porous. The incorporation of clay produced hydrogels with differentiated morphology. Thermogravimetric analysis results revealed that the incorporation of clay in the samples provided greater thermal stability to the hydrogels. The compression resistance also increased with addition of clay.

Social Support and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Among the Elderly: A Population-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity in elderly is a public health problem. The purpose of this study is to describe and test the association between social support and leisure-time physical activity among the elderly. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based study with 1,285 subjects (60+ years old) living in a city in southern Brazil was carried out in 2014. Physical activity practice was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire [leisure domain: at least 150 minutes per week of walking + moderate physical activity + 2(vigorous physical activity)], while social support was measured using the Physical Activity Social Support Scale. RESULTS: The prevalence of elderly who reached the recommendations of leisure-time physical activity was 18.4%. The elderly persons who had the company of family or friends to walk had a 2.45 times higher prevalence of reaching the recommendations of physical activity in leisure than those who did not. Those who had company of friends to practice moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were 3.23 times more likely to reach physical activity recommendations than their counterparts. The least common social support was the joint practice for walking and for MVPA. CONCLUSION: Strategies that incentivize family members and friends to provide social support to the elderly for physical activity focusing on joint practice must be encouraged.

Improvement of starch digestion using α-amylase entrapped in pectin-polyvinyl alcohol blend.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and pectin blends were used to entrap α-amylase (Termamyl) using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. The effect of glutaraldehyde concentration (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25%) on the activity of the immobilized enzyme and rate of enzyme released was tested during a 24 h period. Characteristics of the material, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile strength (TS), elongation, and rate of dissolution in water (pH 5.7), ruminal buffering solution (pH 7.0), and reactor containing 0.1 mol L(-1) sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.5), were also analyzed. SEM results showed that the surfaces of the pectin/PVA/amylase films were highly irregular and rough. TS values increased as a function of glutaraldehyde concentration, whereas percentage of elongation (%E) decreased. Pectin/PVA/amylase films presented similar values of solubility in the tested solvents. The material obtained with 0.25% glutaraldehyde performed best with repeated use (active for 24 h), in a phosphate buffer reactor. By contrast, the material obtained with 1.25% glutaraldehyde presented higher performance during in vitro testing using an artificial rumen. The results suggest that pectin/PVA/amylase is a highly promising material for biotechnological applications.

Espaços públicos de lazer: distribuição, qualidade e adequação à prática de atividade física / Public open spaces in Pelotas (Brazil): distribution, quality and suitability for physical activity practice

Os espaços públicos de lazer representam uma alternativa de ampliação e democratização do acesso a locais propícios para prática de atividade física. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever os espaços públicos de lazer em termos quanti e qualitativos, assim como sua adequação para a prática de atividades físicas e distribuição na cidade. Foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo, realizado na zona urbana do município de Pelotas/RS. Aspectos de conforto, estética e adequação à prática de atividades físicas foram avaliados por meio do instrumento Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) em praças, parques e canteiros habitáveis. Informações sobre renda e densidade populacional dos setores censitários foram baseadas no censo demográfico de 2010. Foram identificadas 110 praças e oito parques. Mais deles (57,6%) apresentam algum atributo para prática de atividade física, enquanto nos canteiros este percentual foi de 44,8%. Espaços para prática de futebol e parquinhos foram as estruturas mais comuns em praças/parques (47,5% e 43,2%, respectivamente), enquanto pistas/trilhas de caminhada foram as mais comuns nos canteiros (43,3%). Em geral, 45,7% das estruturas apresentaram boa qualidade. Quanto maior a média de renda domiciliar dos setores censitários, maior o número de espaços de lazer (r = 0,31) e uma relação inversa foi encontrada com densidade populacional dos setores censitários (r = -0,32). Assim, evidenciou-se iniquidades socioeconômicas e demográficas na distribuição dos espaços públicos de lazer, bem como uma pequena diversidade das estruturas para a prática de atividade física e a necessidade de (re)qualificação dos espaços públicos já existentes.

Public open spaces might be an alternative to increase and democratize the access to places for physical activity practice. The study aim was to describe quantitative and qualitatively public open spaces in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, as well as their distribution in the city and their suitability for physical activity practice. An observational descriptive study was performed in the urban area of Pelotas (Brazil). Amenities, incivilities, aesthetic and suitability for physical activity in the public open spaces were evaluated through the Physical Activity Resource Assessment. Mean income and population density of the census tracts were based on the Brazilian demographic census (2010). Most parks (57.6%) presented some attribute for physical activity practice; while among boulevards the percentage was lower (44.8%). Football pitches and playgrounds were the most common attributes found in parks (47.5% and 43.2%, respectively), and walk path/trail was the most frequent in the boulevards (43,3%). In general, 45.7% of the attributes for physical activity practice were considered as presenting high quality. There was a positive correlation between census tracts' mean income and the number of public open spaces (r = 0.31). Otherwise, an inverse correlation was found with population density (r = -0.32). Socioeconomic and demographic iniquities were observed in the distribution of public open spaces. Further, this study highlighted needs of improvements on diversity of attributes for physical activity practice and (re)qualification of the existing public open spaces.

Corpo estranho em seio maxilar: remoção pela Técnica de Caldwell-Luc / Strange Body to the Maxillary Sinus: Removal by Caldwel-Luc Approach

Corpos estranhos nos seio da face são relativamente raros e resultam de traumas perfurantes de alta energia. Embora haja relatos envolvendo os seios etmoidais e esfenoidais, os seios frontal e maxilar são os mais frequentemente envolvidos. Este artigo relata o caso de um paciente com corpo estranho no seio maxilar direito há 34 anos, cuja a retirada deste, foi realizada através da técnica de Caldwell-Luc, tendo sido bem sucedida, e apresentando rápida recuperação do paciente... (AU)

Foreign bodies in the paranasal sinuses are relatively rare and are the result of high energy trauma perforating. Although there are reports involving the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, the frontal and maxillary sinuses are most frequently involved. This article reports the case of a patient with a foreign body in the right maxillary sinus for 34 years, where the removal, was performed by a Caldwell-Luc, which was successful and rapid patient recovery... (AU)