Prevalence and Trends in Cigarette Smoking With and Without Tobacco Use Disorder Among Adults in the United States: 2010-2021.

Objective: Few national estimates are available on the prevalence of tobacco use disorder (TUD) in the United States (US), and most trials exclusively assess daily smoking rather than TUD. We examined the prevalence and trends in cigarette smoking with vs without TUD among adults.Methods: Data came from the 2010-2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 483,982), a cross sectional, US representative dataset. A TUD composite variable was created based on established definitions (eg, DSM-5 symptoms). Weighted prevalence of past 30-day cigarette smoking, daily smoking (30/30 days) and nondaily smoking (<30/30 days) with and without TUD, was calculated annually.Results: In 2021, the prevalence of past 30- day overall cigarette smoking was 17%; 11% reported daily cigarette smoking, whereas 6% reported nondaily cigarette smoking. Only 1% of the population reported daily smoking without TUD, whereas 10% reported daily smoking with TUD. Two percent of the population reported nondaily smoking without TUD, and 4% of the population reported nondaily smoking with TUD. Daily smoking with TUD and nondaily smoking with and without TUD decreased significantly from 2010 to 2021 (all P's < .001). US adults reporting TUD symptoms (vs not) were more likely to be older, identify as White, have lower income and less education, and have a substance use disorder.Conclusions: The prevalence of daily cigarette smoking with TUD was 10× higher than the prevalence of daily cigarette smoking without TUD. Twice as many US adults with nondaily smoking reported TUD than no TUD, illustrating that daily smoking is not necessary for TUD.

Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi among children from Veracruz, Mexico: Epidemiological baseline for a control model based on Chagas disease active transmission / Seroprevalencia de Trypanosoma cruzi en niños de Veracruz, México: línea epidemiológica de base para un modelo de control fundamentado de la transmisión activa de la enfermedad de Chagas.

Introduction. In 2021, the Secretaría de Salud de México and the Pan American Health Organization launched an initiative to interrupt intra-domiciliary vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi based on the prevalence of Chagas disease in children. The Mexican State of Veracruz was leading this initiative. Objective. To estimate the seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection among children under 15 years of age from rural areas of Veracruz, México. Materials and methods. We identified eight localities of high priority from the Municipality of Tempoal, Veracruz, for baseline serology. Blood samples were collected on filter paper from 817 individuals between June and August 2017, for screening with a third-generation enzyme immunoassay. Reactive cases were confirmed by indirect hemagglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and indirect immunofluorescence tests on peripheral blood serum samples. We calculated seroprevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. We confirmed Chagas disease cases in children under 15 years of age with a seroprevalence of 1,9% (95 % CI = 1,12-3,16) in the localities of Citlaltepetl, Cornizuelo, Cruz de Palma and Rancho Nuevo. Conclusions. These results indicate recent transmission of T. cruzi in these communities and allow to establish an epidemiological baseline for the design and implementation of a model focused on geographical areas with active transmission to advance toward the elimination of intra-domiciliary vector transmission of this parasite in Mexico.

Introducción. En el 2021, la Secretaría de Salud de México y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud lanzaron una iniciativa para interrumpir la transmisión vectorial intradomiciliaria de Trypanosoma cruzi, fundamentada en la prevalencia de la enfermedad de Chagas en la población infantil. El estado mexicano de Veracruz fue el pionero de esta iniciativa. Objetivo. Estimar la seroprevalencia de infección por T. cruzi en menores de 15 años de localidades rurales de Veracruz, México. Materiales y métodos. Se identificaron ocho localidades prioritarias para la serología basal del municipio de Tempoal, Veracruz. Entre junio y agosto de 2017, se recolectaron muestras de sangre en papel filtro de 817 individuos para su tamizaje mediante un inmunoensayo enzimático de tercera generación. Los casos reactivos del tamizaje se confirmaron mediante pruebas de hemaglutinación indirecta, ensayo de inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas e inmunofluorescencia indirecta en muestras de suero. Se calculó la seroprevalencia y su intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 %. Resultados. En las localidades de Citlaltépetl, Cornizuelo, Cruz de Palma y Rancho Nuevo se confirmaron casos de la enfermedad de Chagas en menores de 15 años con una seroprevalencia de 1,9 % (IC 95 % = 1,12-3,16). Conclusiones. Los resultados indican que estas comunidades presentan transmisión reciente de T. cruzi y permiten establecer una línea epidemiológica de base para el diseño e implementación de un modelo dirigido a aquellas áreas geográficas con transmisión activa. Se espera que dicho modelo contribuya a la eliminación de la transmisión vectorial intradomiciliaria del tripanosomátido en México.

T2-based magnetic resonance genitography in children with complex anorectal malformations: experience at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Latin America.

In children with anorectal malformations (ARMs), it is essential to have a diagnostic imaging method that helps with the evaluation of the internal anatomy. In patients with a persistent cloaca, an ARM variant, in which the measurement of the urethral channel and common channel determines surgical management, there are multiple options for imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent method for this purpose, from which accurate measurements of channel length can be obtained. Additionally, the use of volumetric/isotropic sequences allows multiplanar reformatting. We present our experience with pelvic MRI and intracavitary non-paramagnetic contrast (MR genitography). This method uses volumetric T2-weighted images and the instillation of saline solution as a contrast agent to distinguish the common channel, length of the urethra, anatomy of the vagina, and presence and location of the rectal fistula. We believe this technique to be particularly useful for those working in settings with limited MRI resources.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Protein Self-Digestion in Ruminants' Milk.

This study investigated whether heat treatments (raw, 63 °C for 30 min, and 85 °C for 5 min) affect protein hydrolysis by endogenous enzymes in the milk of ruminants (bovine, ovine, and caprine) using a self-digestion model. Self-digestion consisted of the incubation for six hours at 37 °C of the ruminants' milk. Free amino group concentration was measured by the o-phthaldialdehyde method, and peptide sequences were identified by chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed that heat treatments prior to self-digestion decreased the free NH2 by 59% in bovine milk heated at 85 °C/5 min, and by 44 and 53% in caprine milk heated at 63 °C/30 min and 85 °C/5 min, respectively. However, after self-digestion, only new free amino groups were observed for the raw and heated at 63 °C/30 min milk. ß-Casein was the most cleaved protein in the raw and heated at 63 °C/30 min bovine milk. A similar trend was observed in raw ovine and caprine milk. Self-digestion increased 6.8-fold the potential antithrombin peptides in the bovine milk heated at 63 °C/30 min. Enhancing bioactive peptide abundance through self-digestion has potential applications in the industry for functional products. Overall, heat treatments affected the free amino groups according to the species and heat treatment applied, which was reflected in the varying degrees of cleaved peptide bonds and peptides released during self-digestion.

HIV Pretreatment Drug Resistance Trends in Mexico City, 2017-2020.

In response to increasing pretreatment drug resistance (PDR), Mexico changed its national antiretroviral treatment (ART) policy, recommending and procuring second-generation integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens as preferred first-line options since 2019. We present a four-year observational study describing PDR trends across 2017-2020 at the largest HIV diagnosis and primary care center in Mexico City. A total of 6688 baseline protease-reverse transcriptase and 6709 integrase sequences were included. PDR to any drug class was 14.4% (95% CI, 13.6-15.3%). A significant increasing trend for efavirenz/nevirapine PDR was observed (10.3 to 13.6%, p = 0.02). No increase in PDR to second-generation INSTI was observed, remaining under 0.3% across the study period. PDR was strongly associated with prior exposure to ART (aOR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.9-4.6, p < 0.0001). MSM had higher odds of PDR to efavirenz/nevirapine (aOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0-3.7, p = 0.04), reflecting ongoing transmission of mutations such as K103NS and E138A. ART restarters showed higher representation of cisgender women and injectable drug users, higher age, and lower education level. PDR to dolutegravir/bictegravir remained low in Mexico City, although further surveillance is warranted given the short time of ART optimization. Our study identifies demographic characteristics of groups with higher risk of PDR and lost to follow-up, which may be useful to design differentiated interventions locally.

CARACTERIZACIÓN GENÉTICA DE LA POBLACIÓN DE Heliconius sara (Nymphalidae) EN LA ISLA GORGONA, COLOMBIA / Genetic characterization of the Heliconius sara (Nymphalidae) population in the Gorgona Island, Colombia

RESUMEN La estructura genética de poblaciones de mariposas con distribución en islas y sus pares continentales ha sido poco documentada para el neotrópico. Este estudio presenta la caracterización de una población de Heliconius sara con distribución en la Isla Gorgona, ubicada en la región del Pacífico Oriental Colombiano. Para esto se examinaron secuencias parciales de un marcador mitocondrial incluyendo información obtenida del GenBank. Se comparó la diversidad y estructura genética con sus conespecíficos continentales y también con congéneres, con los que comparte un ancestro común cercano en el clado Sapho-Sara. Para el análisis de diversidad y estructura genética se realizó un análisis de varianza molecular. Este análisis muestra que la distancia entre la población de la isla y sus pares en el continente es consistente con la variación intraespecífica observada en otras especies del género Heliconius. Para la reconstrucción de la genealogía y datación reciente en el Pleistoceno superior del grupo monofilético de secuencias de H. sara, se realizó un análisis de inferencia bayesiana, así como una de máxima verosimilitud. Del análisis demográfico se seleccionó un modelo histórico de flujo asimétrico desde la isla hacia el continente que sugiere baja resistencia de la discontinuidad geográfica a la dispersión de esta mariposa diurna desde la isla. Este es el primer estudio en examinar un posible evento de aislamiento de una población insular de mariposas en Colombia.

ABSTRACT The genetic structure of butterfly populations among islands and mainland has been poorly documented for the neotropics. This study shows a characterization of the Heliconius sara population with distribution on Gorgona Island in the Colombian Eastern Tropical Pacific region. We obtained partial sequences of a mitochondrial DNA, including information obtained from GenBank. The genetic diversity and structure were compared among the island population and their mainland conspecific, but also with congenerics, with those shared by a recent common ancestor within the Sapho/Sara clade. For the analysis of diversity and genetic structure, an analysis of molecular variance was performed. This analysis shows that the genetic distance between the island's population and that of the mainland is consistent with the intraspecific variation observed in other species of the Heliconious genus. For the reconstruction of the genealogy and the recent dating calibration in the upper Pleistocene of the monophyletic group of H. sara, a Bayesian inference was carried out as well as one of maximum likelihood. From the demographic analysis, an asymmetric gene flow model from the island to the mainland was selected. This model suggests low historical resistance of the geographic discontinuity to dispersal of this small and diurnal butterfly from the island. This is the first study to examine a possible event of local isolation of an island population of a butterfly in Colombia.

Modelado de estructuras-3D de mutaciones raras del receptor-1-melanocortina asociadas al melanismo en el mielero / Modelling of 3d-structures of the rare melanocortin-1-receptor mutations associated to melanism in the bananaquit

ABSTRACT Melanism in plumage color is often associated to the single nucleotide polymorphism of the melanocortin-1-receptor. Despite the striking association between the substitution of a Glutamic-acid by for a Lysine at position 92 on the MC1R protein and a completely black plumage, an in-depth understanding of the effect of missense mutations on the conformational change and behavior of the MC1R in the lipid bilayer caused by the absence of a crystal structure is lacking. We examine the structural basis for receptor activation using DNA sequences from the GenBank to perform in silico protein homology-based modeling. Our tridimensional model shows that the Alanine for a 179-Threonine substitution is a structural complement of the charge-reversing effect associated to the substitution of a Glutamic-acid by for a Lysine at position 92 on the MC1R. We proposed the possibility of gradual evolution in stability and electrostatic properties of the MC1R by the sequential accumulation of these two rare substitutions. These two rare substitutions further perturb physical-chemical properties that may be necessary folding requirements of the constitutively active MC1R forms without altering of ligand binding affinity. The computational coarse-grained molecular dynamics of the MC1R binding affinities to the melanocyte-stimulating hormone predicted the disparity in ligand binding among alleles. We speculate that the disparity in structural constraints and ligand binding among the alleles within heterozygous individuals may contribute as a mechanism to the plumage color variation in the Coereba flaveola.

RESUMEN El melanismo en el color del plumaje se asocia frecuentemente al polimorfismo del receptor melanocortina-1. La ausencia de una estructura cristalográfica de la asociación entre la sustitución del Glutamato por Lisina en la posición 92 de la proteína MC1R y el plumaje completamente negro, no ha permitido tener un mejor entendimiento del efecto de mutaciones no sinónimas en la conformación y en el comportamiento en la membrana del MC1R. Examinamos la estructura asociada a la activación del receptor usando secuencias de ADN obtenidas del GenBank, para un modelamiento in silico de formas homólogas de la proteína. El modelo tridimensional muestra que la sustitución de Alanina por la Treonina en la posición 179 es un complemento estructural al efecto de reversión de carga asociado a la sustitución del Glutamato por Lisina en la posición 92 del MC1R. Proponemos la posibilidad de evolución gradual de la estabilidad y de propiedades electrostáticas del MC1R por la acumulación de estas substituciones. Estas perturban las propiedades fisicoquímicas que podrían ser necesarias para el plegamiento de las formas constitutivamente activas del MC1R sin alterar la afinidad de empalme con el ligando. La modelación computacional de la dinámica molecular de la afinidad de empalme del MC1R a la hormona estimulante de meloncitos predice la disparidad de la unión con el ligando entre alelos. Consideramos que posiblemente la disparidad entre alelos en heterocigotos en cuanto a restricciones estructurales y la unión con el ligando podría contribuir a la variación en el color del plumaje en Coereba flaveola.

Transitions of microbial communities in the solid and liquid phases during high-solids anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste.

This study presents a microbiological diagnosis of a mesophilic high-solids anaerobic digestion (HSAD) system with percolate recirculation. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in microbial diversity in both the solid digestate and the liquid percolate. Also, the digestate from the top and middle sections of the digester had similar diversity, whereas the digestate from the bottom of the tank had a slightly lower diversity. These results suggest that despite percolate recirculation, substrate gradients might have developed across the system. Archaeal communities showed shifts towards known hydrogenotrophic and ammonia-tolerant methanogens (genera Methanocelleus, Methanolinea, Methanosarcina, vadin CA11, etc.), which was a consequence of decreased volatile fatty acids and increased ammonia-nitrogen levels over time. Compared to initial solid and liquid inoculum, the relative abundances of some bacteria (phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes) and archaea of the genus Methanosarcina changed between two phases in the opposite direction, indicating a shift of microbes between two phases.

Avaliação da ocorrência e dos conhecimentos sobre disfunção temporomandibular em profissionais da Equipe de Saúde da Família do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição / Evaluation of occurrence and knowledge on temporomandibular dysfunction in professionals of the Family Health Teams of the Conceição Hospital Group

Objetivo: considerando-se o elevado número de pessoas com disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) e que a busca por tratamento tem aumentado nos últimos anos, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de DTM entre os integrantes da Equipe de Saúde da Família (ESF) e o conhecimento dos profissionais em relação a essa condição. Métodos: os questionários foram aplicados em 87 profissionais da ESF do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição. No primeiro questionário, avaliou-se a prevalência de DTM, no segundo, foram coletados os dados sociodemográficos e, no terceiro e último, avaliou-se o conhecimento sobre a etiologia, o diagnóstico e o tratamento das DTMs. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio dos testes Qui-Quadrado ou Teste T de Student para um p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: os resultados demonstraram que os profissionais incluídos, em sua maioria, apresentam DTM leve e que o percentual de acertos dos dentistas foi superior estatisticamente ao dos médicos apenas no item tratamento. Conclusão: é de suma importância que os profissionais das ESFs estejam preparados para atender a demanda de pacientes que apresentam sinais e sintomas compatíveis com DTM.(AU)

Objectives: considering the high number of people affected by TMD and the demand for treatment has increased in the last years, the objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of TMD among the members of the Family Health Team (FHT) and professionals' knowledge regarding this condition. Methods: three questionnaires were applied to 87 professionals from the Family Health Teams of the Hospital Conceição Group. The first questionnaire evaluated the prevalence of TMD, the second one collected the sociodemographic data and, finally, the research questionnaire sought to evaluate the professionals knowledge about the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of TMD. The data analysis were performed by the Chi-square or Student's T-Test for a p ≤ 0.05. Results: the results demonstrated that the professionals included in the sample have most have slight TMD. Regarding the professional knowledge, the percentage of correct answers of the dentists was statistically superior to the one of the doctors only in treatment. Conclusion: it is of the utmost importance that FHT professionals are prepared to meet the demand of patients with signs and symptoms compatible with TMD.(AU)

Molecular identification of Haemosporidia in avian endemics of Gorgona Island within a context for the eastern tropical Pacific region.

Island bird populations and their obligate blood parasites are of interest for understanding the accumulation of biodiversity and the evolutionary relationship with their mainland congeners. We examined avian Haemosporidia cytochrome b gene among terrestrial birds on Gorgona Island National Park, Colombia. Three Haemoproteus haplotype groups found on Gorgona Island have a higher genetic similarity to Haemoproteus found in the eastern tropical Pacific than those documented in Africa, Asia, Europe and Oceania. Two of the haplotype groups on the island are generalists in terms of infecting multiple hosts and their wide geographical distribution within the eastern tropical Pacific region, a third Haemoproteus haplogroup appears endemic to Gorgona Island. The overall prevalence of haemosporidian parasites is 57,9% for birds on Gorgona island, which is higher than local reports of prevalence documented in other archipelagos or the mainland. The island population of Cyanerpes cyaneus gigas seems to be the most susceptible to Haemoproteus infection when compared to Thamnophilus atrinucha gorgonae and Coereba flaveola gorgonae. Our findings support an ubiquitous pattern of endemism among organisms including avian haemosporidian parasites on Gorgona Island and also highlight the potential exposure of island bird populations to avian malaria.

Caracterización genética de la hormiga Atta cephalotes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en Isla Gorgona, Colombia

La variación genética entre las poblaciones insulares y continentales de las hormigas cortadoras de hojas ha sido poco estudiada, a pesar de su importancia para comprender su capacidad de dispersión, estructura regional y distribución de una de las especies más abundantes en el Neotrópico. Objetivo: Analizar la variación genética de una población insular de Atta cephalotes en un contexto regional más amplio para América Central y del Sur. Métodos: Se secuenció el gen de la Citocromo oxidasa I de A. cephalotes para las poblaciones de la isla Gorgona y el continente para realizar un análisis de la varianza molecular, flujo de genes, así como para calcular el tiempo de divergencia de los haplogrupos que se encuentran en la isla. Se realizó una prueba de asignación de individuos para estimar la conectividad genética espacial y la distribución de esta hormiga en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical. Resultados: Un total de 33 muestras de la isla y el continente colombiano se compararon con 389 secuencias de A. cephalotes registradas en Genbank para América Central y Suramérica. Esta hormiga cortadora de hojas en la Isla Gorgona está estrechamente relacionada con el continente colombiano a pesar de que la separación entre la isla y el continente probablemente constituya una barrera para el flujo de genes. Es probable que dos de los haplogrupos más comunes en el continente llegaran a la isla recientemente. Por lo tanto, no se puede excluir la influencia antropogénica en el proceso de colonización de la isla por parte de esta hormiga cortadora de hojas. Un mapa de conectividad muestra que esta población tiene límites geográficos que se superponen en gran medida con una región biogeográfica dentro del Pacífico Oriental Tropical. Esta población trans-andina acumula el 23 % de la diversidad de herencia matrilínea de A. cephalotes. Conclusiones: Esta hormiga cortadora de hojas en la isla Gorgona y el Pacífico colombiano está estrechamente relacionada con la población centroamericana y toda esta región alberga un segmento significativo de la diversidad genética de A. cephalotes de Suramérica.

Introduction: The genetic variation between island and mainland populations of leaf-cutter ants have been poorly studied, despite its importance to understand their local dispersion, regional structure, and the distribution of one of the most abundant species in the neotropics. Objective: To analyze the genetic variation of an insular population of Atta cephalotes in a larger regional context in Central and South America. Methods: The Cytochrome Oxidase I gene of A. cephalotes was sequenced for the Gorgona Island and mainland populations in order to conduct an analysis of molecular variance, gene flow, and to calculate divergence time of haplogroups occurring in the island. An individual assignment test was conducted to estimate the spatial genetic connectivity and the distribution for this ant in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Results: A total of 33 samples from the island and the Colombian mainland were compared to 389 Genebank accessions ofA. cephalotes from Central and South America. This leaf-cutter ant in the Gorgona Island is closely related to the Colombian mainland, despite that the separation between the island and the mainland likely constitute a barrier to gene flow. It is likely that two of the most common haplogroups on the continent arrived on the island recently. Therefore, the anthropogenic influence in the process of colonization of the island by this leaf-cutting ant cannot be excluded. A map of connectivity shows that this population has geographic limits that largely overlap with a biogeographic region within the Eastern Tropical Pacific. This trans-andean population accumulates 23 % of the maternally inherited diversity of theA. cephalotes. Conclusions: This leaf-cutter ant in the Gorgona Island and the Colombian Pacific is closely related to the Central American population and the whole region harbor a significant segment of A. cephalotes genetic diversity in South America.

Duplicate Omohyoid Muscle Causing Progressive Dysphagia and Dyspnea: A Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Duplicate omohyoid muscles are uncommon anomalies and exceedingly rare causes of progressive clinical symptoms. The goals of this case report are to describe the clinical characteristics, cross-sectional imaging, intraoperative findings, and curative treatment of our patient, to develop a differential diagnosis for this condition, and to review the pertinent literature regarding this particular type of anomalous omohyoid muscle as one among many variations. CASE PRESENTATION: A 20 year-old man presented with progressive limited neck range of motion followed by dysphagia and then dyspnea caused by his duplicate omohyoid muscle. He underwent curative surgery in 2015 at our tertiary care center. DISCUSSION: Although rare, a duplicate omohyoid muscle should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dysphagia and dyspnea with concurrent central neck deformity. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of an anomalous omohyoid that caused significant progressive clinical symptoms. Direct excision of the restrictive anomalous tissue proved curative.

Genetic variation of avian malaria in the tropical Andes: a relationship with the spatial distribution of hosts.

BACKGROUND: Avian haemosporidia are obligate blood parasites with an ample range of hosts worldwide. To understand how host communities may influence the diversity of parasites of the neotropics, the spatial genetic variation of avian Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon was examined between areas of host endemism and along the elevational gradient in the tropical Andes. METHODS: A total of 1686 accessions of the cytochrome b gene of avian haemosporidia were selected from 43 publications, that further provides additional information on 14.2% of bird species in the Neotropics. Haplotype groups were identified using a similarity-based clustering of sequences using a cut-off level ≥ 99.3% of sequence identity. Phylogenetic-based analyses were implemented to examine the spatial genetic structure of avian haemosporidia among areas of host endemism and the elevation gradient in the tropical Andes. RESULTS: The areas of avian endemism, including the tropical Andes, can explain the differential distribution of the haemosporidia cytochrome b gene variation. In the tropical Andes region, the total number of avian haemosporidia haplotypes follows a unimodal pattern that peaks at mid-elevation between 2000 and 2500 m above sea level. Furthermore, the haplotype assemblages of obligate blood parasites tend to overlap towards mid-elevation, where avian host diversity tends to be maximized. CONCLUSIONS: Spatial analyses revealed that richness and turnover in haemosporidia suggest an association with montane host diversity, according to elevation in the tropical Andes. In addition, the spatial distribution of haemosporidia diversity is closely associated with patterns of host assemblages over large geographical scale in the tropical Andes and areas of avian endemism nearby.

Avaliação da efetividade de tratamentos conservadores para disfunções temporomandibulares miogênicas: revisão integrativa da literatura / Evaluation of the effectiveness of conservative treatments for miogenic temporomandibular dysfunctions: integrating review of the literature

Objetivo: revisão integrativa sobre os principais métodos de tratamento conservador para disfunção temporomandibular, sendo eles: placa oclusal, aconselhamento e farmacoterapia. Materiais e método: a busca foi feita nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs e Google Acadêmico, utilizando os seguintes descritores: "counseling and temporomandibular joint"; "counseling and facial pain"; "counseling and temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome"; "counseling and temporomandibular joint and drug therapy"; e "counseling and drug therapy and facial pain". Resultados: no total, foram encontrados 314 estudos nesta pesquisa, porém, somente 8 foram incluídos no estudo. Esses comprovam a eficácia desses métodos de tratamento, fazendo com que o paciente obtenha diminuição da sintomatologia dolorosa, melhora das funções mastigatórias, além de proporcionar um alívio na tensão muscular, devido ao relaxamento das estruturas relacionadas. A placa oclusal tende a diminuir as forças oclusais aplicadas, redistribuindo a carga mastigatória sobre as superfícies oclusais. Alguns fármacos (anti-inflamatórios, antidepressivos e relaxantes musculares) são capazes de minimizar a sintomatologia dolorosa, proporcionando uma melhora na qualidade do sono e a redução de episódios de dor intensa. Por sua vez, o aconselhamento orienta os pacientes para que possam evitar atitudes que piorem sua doença, educando-os e conscientizando-os sobre seus hábitos parafuncionais, além de reduzir os fatores causadores de sintomatologia dolorosa. Conclusão: conseguimos observar que esses tratamentos apresentam índices de sucesso relevantes, quando se referem à diminuição dos sintomas, especialmente o aconselhamento, que ainda é uma terapia conservadora pouco explorada. Faz-se necessária a realização de mais estudos neste campo, para que sejam obtidos resultados cada vez mais concretos e conclusivos. (AU)

Objective: integrative review on the main methods of conservative treatment for Temporomandibular Dysfunction, being occlusal plaque, counseling and pharmacotherapy. Materials and method: the search was done in the databases PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs and Google Scholar using the descriptors: "counseling" and "temporomandibular joint", "counseling" and "facial pain", "counseling" and "temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome", "counseling" and "temporomandibular joint" and "drug therapy" and "counseling" and "drug therapy" and "facial pain". Results: in total were found 314 studies in this work, but only 8 were included. These tests prove the efficacy of these treatment methods, causing to the patient a decrease in painful symptoms, an increase in masticatory functions, and also providing a relief in muscle tension due to the relaxation of related structures. The occlusal plaque tends to decrease the forces applied in the occlusion, preventing the muscles from exerting excessive force. Some drugs (anti-inflammatories, antidepressants and muscle relaxants) are able to minimize the painful symptomatology, providing an improvement in the quality of sleep and reduction of episodes of intense pain. In turn, counseling guides patients to avoid attitudes that worsen their illness, educating them and making them aware of their parafunctional habits, as well as reducing the factors that cause painful symptoms. Conclusion: we could observe that these treatments present relevant success indexes when it refers to the decrease of the symptoms, especially the counseling, which is still a little explored conservative therapy. It is still necessary to carry out further studies in this field in order to obtain increasingly concrete and conclusive results. (AU)

Voice Profile Recovery and Quality of Life Changes After Microdirect Laryngoscopy in Three Categories of Glottis Lesions: Benign, Precancerous, and Malignant.

The aim of the study was comparison of voice and life quality after microdirect laryngoscopy in three patient histopathological categories: benign, precancerous, and malignant glottic lesions. A totalnof 137 patients treated with microdirect laryngoscopy were included in the study. Each patient was evaluated with a multidimensional protocol before and 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Final 1-year evaluations were achieved in 74.5% (102). The assessment included laryngovideostroboscopy (LVS), perceptual (GRBAS) grading, aerodynamic measures including maximum phonation time and phonation quotient and acoustic measurements (Kay Elemetrics Multi-Speech program), Voice Handicap Index (VHI), Voice-Related Quality of Life questionnaire; and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief Version (WHOQoL-BREF). An improvement in mean value of LVS ratings was obtained in all three groups; however, only in benign lesion group was it consistently statistically significant for each time period (P < 0.001). Perceptual evaluation revealed significant improvement of G, R, and B parameters in benign lesions for each time period. In malignant neoplasms R and B parameters improved 3 and 6 months post microsurgery. In patients with benign lesions the maximum phonation time increased, but the improvement was significant only after 3 months. The acoustic parameters improved in all three groups. VHI significantly improved in patients with benign lesions after 3 and 12 months. VHI in the malignant neoplasm group significantly worsened on the first follow-up visit. Considering quality of life (QoL) results, only in patients with benign lesions was there a significant improvement in overall assessment of their QoL and general health.

Optical properties of anatase TiO2: synergy between transition metal doping and oxygen vacancies.

Charge carriers (electrons and holes) are generated on the TiO2 using UV radiation; this excitation energy can be reduced by modifying the material electronic structure, for example, by doping or creating oxygen vacancies. Here, the electronic structure of a transition metal-doped anatase, bulk and surface, and their interaction with oxygen vacancies are studied using density functional theory. The visible light response of metal-doped TiO2 (101) is also determined. Transition metals generate intra-band gap states, which reduce the excitation energy but may also act as charge recombination sites. Dopants Fe, Co, and Ni remarkably enhance the visible light response due to the states in the middle of the gap. However, Co and Ni create heavier charge carriers. Our results show that Pd and Pt-doped TiO2 generate states near the valence and conduction band with a "clean" band gap (without states in the middle of the gap). Moreover, Pt-doped TiO2 maintains the charge mobility because it presents a small charge carriers mass. Hence, Pt-doped TiO2 represents the best alternative to activate TiO2 under visible light. The optical response of transition metal-doped TiO2 follows the order 3d > 4d > 5d. The oxygen vacancies reduce the response of metal-doped TiO2 to visible light because the unpaired electrons generated occupy the empty states of metal-doping. Graphical Abstract Density of states of TiO2 (101) surface doped with transition metals and oxygen vacancies.

Aplicativos móveis para ensino e assistência odontológica: uma revisão integrativa / Mobile applications for dental education and assistance: an integrative review

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o estado da arte atual e as tendências de pesquisas que utilizam aplicativos móveis na Odontologia por meio de uma revisão integrativa. Realizaram-se buscas nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e PubMed, utilizando os termos "mobile application", "Dentistry" e "informatics", e no Google Acadêmico, para abarcar a literatura cinza, com os mesmos termos na língua portuguesa, sem período de tempo determinado. Os títulos e resumos de todos os artigos encontrados foram lidos por dois pesquisadores de forma independente. Foram incluídas pesquisas oriundas de dados primários e que estivessem relacionados apenas à saúde bucal, cujo meio de informação fosse smartphones, nas línguas inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola. Além disso, os artigos publicados em periódicos científicos foram analisados em relação aos itens atribuídos no checklist do STROBE Statement. Foram encontrados 911 estudos. Após a leitura de todos os títulos e resumos, foram excluídos 897, totalizando 14 estudos para leitura na íntegra. Nove artigos foram incluídos no estudo, classificados em estudos com foco profissional (6) e estudos com foco acadêmico (3). Os dados descritos nos estudos deixam claro a crescente adoção do uso dos aplicativos como recursos educacionais e assistenciais. A criação de aplicativos móveis direcionados à Odontologia é apropriada, tanto no ensino, como uma nova possibilidade de construir conhecimento, quanto para o uso profissional, já que é inegável a disseminação global do uso de dispositivos móveis (AU).

This study aimed to identify the current state of the art and trends of research using mobile applications in Dentistry through an integrative review. SciELO, LILACS and PubMed databases, using the terms "mobile application", "Dentistry" and "informatics", and in Google Scholar, to cover the gray literature, with the same terms in the Portuguese language, without time limitation were searched. The titles and abstracts of all articles found were read independently by two researchers. Studies based on primary data that were related only to oral health, whose medium of information was smartphones, in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages were included. Also, articles published in scientific journals were analyzed in relation to the items assigned in the STROBE Statement checklist. There were 911 studies. After reading all the titles and abstracts, 897 were excluded, totaling 14 studies for reading in full. Nine articles were included in the study, classified in studies with a professional focus (6) and studies with an academic focus (3). The data described in the studies have shown the increasing adoption the applications use as educational and assistance resources. The creation of mobile applications directed to Dentistry is appropriate, both in teaching, as a new possibility to build knowledge, and for professional use, since the global dissemination of the use of mobile devices is undeniable (AU).

Narrow band imaging versus laryngovideostroboscopy in precancerous and malignant vocal fold lesions.

BACKGROUND: This is a comparative analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of narrow band imaging (NBI) and laryngovideostroboscopy (LVS) in the assessment of premalignant and malignant vocal fold lesions. METHODS: A prospective analysis was performed on 105 consecutive patients with vocal fold lesions. The NBI and LVS were obtained before the microsurgery. RESULTS: The NBI and LVS showed no significant differences in identifying premalignant and malignant pathologies. However, in analysis restricted to identification of only malignant lesions, the specificity (88.9% vs 20.6%), accuracy (90.5% vs 51.4%), and positive predictive value (PPV; 84.8% vs 45.1%) were significantly higher for NBI (P value < .001; .015; and .045, respectively). A comparison of LVS scored results relative to each NBI type revealed statistically significant differences (P < .001). A moderate positive correlation between NBI and LVS was demonstrated (P = .54). CONCLUSION: The NBI and LVS are useful, complementary tools in evaluating early potential vocal fold malignancies. The NBI was superior to LVS on several statistical analyses.

Cuidado de enfermería perdido en pacientes hospitalizados. En una institución pública y una privada / Missed nursing care in patient in public and private institution

Objetivo principal: comparar el cuidado de enfermería perdido en pacientes hospitalizados en un hospital público y un privado, así como los factores relacionados. Metodología: estudio descriptivo-transversal comparativo. Se realizó en dos hospitales (público y privado) en San Luis Potosí, México, durante 2013-2014. Se utilizó el instrumento MISSCARE con una confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach de 0.91. Resultados: El cuidado perdido de enfermería fue mayor en la institución pública (pública M=29.89, DE=5.72; privada M=9.80, DE=12.10). La mayor omisión en el cuidado en ambos hospitales corresponde a intervenciones de cuidado básico (pública M=41.52, DE=12.09; privada M=16.66, DE=18.83); el principal factor que el personal de enfermería relaciona con el cuidado perdido fue recursos humanos de enfermería (pública M=82.46, DE=12.94; privada M=61.21, DE=21.31). Conclusiones: El cuidado de enfermería perdido predominó en la institución pública, en ambas se atribuye principalmente al recurso humano

Objective: To compare nursing care in patients missed in a public and private hospital, as well as related factors. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional and comparative study in 2 hospitals (public and private) in San Luis Potosi, Mexico, during 2013-2014. The MISSCARE Survey was administered. The content validity by Cronbach´s alpha 0.91. Results: Missed nursing care was higher in the public institution (Public M=29.89, SD=5.72; private M=9.80, SD=12.10). The biggest omission in care in both hospitals corresponds to basic care interventions (Public M=41.52, SD=12.09; private M=16.66, SD=18.83); the main factor that nurses reported was human resources (public M=82.46, SD=12.94; private M=61.21, SD=21.31). Conclusions: The missed nursing care dominated public institution, in both institutions it is mainly attributed to human resources