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1.
Pathogens ; 13(2)2024 Jan 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38392846

ABSTRACT

In this new methodology, plasmonic ELISA (pELISA) was used to detect Circovirus porcine2 (PCV2) in serum samples without the need for plate reading equipment. This process occurs by adapting the conventional ELISA test with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to promote a color change on the plate and quickly identify this difference with the naked eye, generating a dark purple-gray hue when the samples are positive and red when the samples are negative. The technique demonstrated high efficiency in detecting samples with a viral load ≥ 5 log10 copies/mL. Plasmonic ELISA offers user-friendly, cost-effective, and reliable characteristics, making it a valuable tool for PCV2 diagnosis and potentially adaptable for other pathogen detection applications.

2.
Pathogens ; 11(5)2022 May 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35631091

ABSTRACT

The aim of the current study is to present a low-cost and easy-to-interpret colorimetric kit used to diagnose porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) to the naked eye, without any specific equipment. The aforementioned kit used as base hybrid nanoparticles resulting from the merge of surface active maghemite nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles, based on the deposition of specific PCV-2 antibodies on their surface through covalent bonds. In total, 10 negative and 40 positive samples (≥102 DNA copies/µL of serum) confirmed by qPCR technique were tested. PCV-1 virus, adenovirus, and parvovirus samples were tested as interferents to rule out likely false-positive results. Positive samples showed purple color when they were added to the complex, whereas negative samples showed red color; they were visible to the naked eye. The entire color-change process took place approximately 1 min after the analyzed samples were added to the complex. They were tested at different dilutions, namely pure, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, and 1:10,000. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were generated to validate the experiment. This new real-time PCV-2 diagnostic methodology emerged as simple and economic alternative to traditional tests since the final price of the kit is USD 4.00.

3.
Transbound Emerg Dis ; 68(6): 3453-3462, 2021 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33295141

ABSTRACT

Feline morbillivirus was discovered in 2012 in cats from Hong Kong, and it was initially found to be associated with chronic kidney disease. Although subsequent molecular surveys showed a common occurrence in cat populations from distinct countries, there were controversial results regarding the relationship between viral shedding through urine and reduced kidney function. In this study, 276 domestic cats of diverse origins from Western Brazil had their urine evaluated for the presence of paramyxoviral RNA by reverse transcription seminested PCR and direct sequencing. Additionally, a selected Brazilian feline morbillivirus strain was isolated in Crandell Rees feline kidney cells, and a nearly complete genome sequence was obtained. To assess the kidney function of all cats, serum biochemistry screening and standard urinalysis were performed. Our results revealed a relatively high paramyxovirus-positive rate (34.7%) in the evaluated cats although there was not a statistical association between the shedding of viral RNA through urine and kidney disease. Direct sequencing of partial fragments of the L gene demonstrated high genetic diversity among strains detected in cats in this study, since both feline morbillivirus RNA and feline paramyxovirus RNA were frequently shed in urine. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on partial amino acid sequences of the L gene showed that Brazilian feline paramyxovirus strains were genetically diverse since they grouped into two distinct subclusters; one subcluster contained three strains identified in Germany, while the second contained Japanese strain 163, which was recently classified in the Jeilongvirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family. In contrast, the Brazilian feline morbillivirus strain FeMV/BR_Boni, herein characterized by nearly complete genome sequencing, was classified in the Morbillivirus genus with other strains previously identified as genotype 1. In conclusion, urinary excretion of diverse paramyxoviral RNA is frequent in cats of different origins from Western Brazil, but viral infection is not related to altered kidney function.


Subject(s)
Cat Diseases , Morbillivirus Infections , Animals , Brazil/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Cats , Genetic Variation , Kidney , Morbillivirus Infections/epidemiology , Morbillivirus Infections/veterinary , Phylogeny
4.
Ci. Rural ; 50(5): e20190909, Apr. 27, 2020. ilus
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-28631

ABSTRACT

Because Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a new species of the genus Circovirus, several issues related to its epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical disease remain unknown. Thus, this study aimed to perform the characterization of the first complete genome sequence of CanineCV detected in a dog with diarrhea in Brazil. A stool sample was collected of a ten-month-old female German Shepherd dog which had signs of intermittent hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, vomiting, and a history of eating raw pork. The complete CanineCV genome was sequenced by Next-Generation Sequencing. The sequence had 2,063 nucleotides, showed a typical genomic organization for circovirus, and was grouped with strain 214 described in the United States by phylogenetic analysis. One amino acid change was found in the replicase protein, and because of that it was considered unique to CanineCV. Therefore, the characterization of the complete genome of Brazilian CanineCV can be used in future studies of molecular epidemiology, pathogenesis and development of diagnostic tools for the prevention and control of this disease.(AU)


Como o Canine circovirus (CanineCV) é uma nova espécie do Gênero Circovirus, várias questões relacionadas com a sua epidemiologia, patogenia e doença clínica permanecem desconhecidas. Assim, este estudo objetivou realizar a caracterização da primeira sequência do genoma completo do CanineCV detectado em um cão com diarreia, no Brasil. Uma amostra de fezes foi coletada de um cão da raça Pastor Alemão, fêmea, 10 meses de idade, o qual tinha sinais de gastroenterite hemorrágica intermitente, vômito e uma história de ingestão de carne crua de porco. O genoma completo do CanineCV foi sequenciado pelo Sequenciamento de Nova Geração. A sequência tinha 2.063 nucleotídeos, apresentou uma organização genômica típica para um circovírus e foi agrupado com a cepa 214, descrita nos Estados Unidos pela análise filogenética. Uma mudança de aminoácido foi encontrada na proteína de replicação e por causa disso ela foi considerada única para o CanineCV. Portanto, a caracterização do genoma completo do CanineCV brasileiro pode ser utilizada em futuros estudos de epidemiologia molecular, patogenia e no desenvolvimento de ferramentas de diagnóstico para prevenção e controle desta doença.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Circovirus/genetics , Circovirus/isolation & purification , Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Genome , Gastroenteritis/veterinary
5.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 50(5): e20190909, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098179

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Because Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a new species of the genus Circovirus, several issues related to its epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical disease remain unknown. Thus, this study aimed to perform the characterization of the first complete genome sequence of CanineCV detected in a dog with diarrhea in Brazil. A stool sample was collected of a ten-month-old female German Shepherd dog which had signs of intermittent hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, vomiting, and a history of eating raw pork. The complete CanineCV genome was sequenced by Next-Generation Sequencing. The sequence had 2,063 nucleotides, showed a typical genomic organization for circovirus, and was grouped with strain 214 described in the United States by phylogenetic analysis. One amino acid change was found in the replicase protein, and because of that it was considered unique to CanineCV. Therefore, the characterization of the complete genome of Brazilian CanineCV can be used in future studies of molecular epidemiology, pathogenesis and development of diagnostic tools for the prevention and control of this disease.


RESUMO: Como o Canine circovirus (CanineCV) é uma nova espécie do Gênero Circovirus, várias questões relacionadas com a sua epidemiologia, patogenia e doença clínica permanecem desconhecidas. Assim, este estudo objetivou realizar a caracterização da primeira sequência do genoma completo do CanineCV detectado em um cão com diarreia, no Brasil. Uma amostra de fezes foi coletada de um cão da raça Pastor Alemão, fêmea, 10 meses de idade, o qual tinha sinais de gastroenterite hemorrágica intermitente, vômito e uma história de ingestão de carne crua de porco. O genoma completo do CanineCV foi sequenciado pelo Sequenciamento de Nova Geração. A sequência tinha 2.063 nucleotídeos, apresentou uma organização genômica típica para um circovírus e foi agrupado com a cepa 214, descrita nos Estados Unidos pela análise filogenética. Uma mudança de aminoácido foi encontrada na proteína de replicação e por causa disso ela foi considerada única para o CanineCV. Portanto, a caracterização do genoma completo do CanineCV brasileiro pode ser utilizada em futuros estudos de epidemiologia molecular, patogenia e no desenvolvimento de ferramentas de diagnóstico para prevenção e controle desta doença.

6.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 37(6): 4167-4170, nov.-dez. 2016.
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: vti-23190

ABSTRACT

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an emergent virus found in commercial pig farms and may cause clinical or subclinical infection. The collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) and white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) may also be infected by PCV2. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to identify PCV2 in whole blood samples of captive peccaries (16 collared and 6 white-lipped) by conventional and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Although the housekeeping gene (c-myc) DNA was successfully amplified, all 22 peccaries tested were negative for PCV2 by both molecular methods. In conclusion, although PCV2 may be endemic in free ranging wild pigs of Central and Northern Brazil, lack of serological and molecular PCV2 evidence (in whole blood) of both captive and free-range wild pigs may indicate low risk of disease in Southern Brazil.(AU)


O circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) é um vírus emergente encontrado em granjas comerciais de suínos que pode causar infecção clínica ou subclínica. Os catetos (Pecari tajacu) e as queixadas (Tayassu pecari) também podem se infectar com PCV2. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o PCV2 em amostras de sangue total de pecaris de cativeiro (16 catetos e seis queixadas) por PCR convencional e quantitativo (qPCR). Embora o gene constitutivo (c-myc) tenha sido amplificado com sucesso, todas as 22 amostras de pecaris avaliadas foram negativas para PCV2 em ambos os métodos moleculares. Em conclusão, embora o PCV2 seja endêmico em suínos selvagens de vida livre do Centro e Norte do Brasil, a ausência de evidência sorológica e molecular de PCV2 (em sangue total) de ambos pecaris de cativeiro e de vida livre no Sul do Brasil podem indicar baixo risco de doença no Sul do Brasil.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine , Circovirus , Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Circoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Serologic Tests , Hematologic Tests
7.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 37(6): 4167-4170, nov.-dez. 2016.
Article in English | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1500623

ABSTRACT

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an emergent virus found in commercial pig farms and may cause clinical or subclinical infection. The collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) and white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) may also be infected by PCV2. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to identify PCV2 in whole blood samples of captive peccaries (16 collared and 6 white-lipped) by conventional and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Although the housekeeping gene (c-myc) DNA was successfully amplified, all 22 peccaries tested were negative for PCV2 by both molecular methods. In conclusion, although PCV2 may be endemic in free ranging wild pigs of Central and Northern Brazil, lack of serological and molecular PCV2 evidence (in whole blood) of both captive and free-range wild pigs may indicate low risk of disease in Southern Brazil.


O circovírus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) é um vírus emergente encontrado em granjas comerciais de suínos que pode causar infecção clínica ou subclínica. Os catetos (Pecari tajacu) e as queixadas (Tayassu pecari) também podem se infectar com PCV2. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o PCV2 em amostras de sangue total de pecaris de cativeiro (16 catetos e seis queixadas) por PCR convencional e quantitativo (qPCR). Embora o gene constitutivo (c-myc) tenha sido amplificado com sucesso, todas as 22 amostras de pecaris avaliadas foram negativas para PCV2 em ambos os métodos moleculares. Em conclusão, embora o PCV2 seja endêmico em suínos selvagens de vida livre do Centro e Norte do Brasil, a ausência de evidência sorológica e molecular de PCV2 (em sangue total) de ambos pecaris de cativeiro e de vida livre no Sul do Brasil podem indicar baixo risco de doença no Sul do Brasil.


Subject(s)
Animals , Circovirus , Circoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Circoviridae Infections/veterinary , Swine , Hematologic Tests , Serologic Tests
8.
Atas Saúde Ambient ; 2(2): 21-28, Mai-Ago. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1463638

ABSTRACT

The studies of mice susceptibility to PCV2 infection are still controversial, despite the importance of PCV2 infection in pigs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to verify the occurrence of horizontal and vertical transmission of PCV2b in mice experimentally infected. Two experiments were performed. In experiment 1 an infected male mice covered a female to verify vertical infection. The pups were tested to detected viral DNA. In experiment 2 the 21 days of age mice were inoculated with PCV2 and allocated with uninfected, i.e. contactantes, to evaluate the horizontal infection. Subsequently, the contactants and inoculated mice were tested for PCV2 DNA. The samples collected from both experiments had their DNA extracted and were further submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In experiment 1, after the gestation period, the female farrowed 10 mices of which 60% (6/10) were positive for the agent. In experiment 2, both the inoculated and the contacts animals showed no clinical changes and gross lesions of PCV2 infection, but viral DNA was recovered in four of the five animals of the contactant group. The detection of viral DNA in the offspring of the primo-infected females and in the mice that had contact with inoculated mice demonstrated that PCV2 can be transmitted vertically and horizontally.


Apesar da importância da infecção de PCV2 em suínos, os estudos de susceptibilidade de camundongos para a infecção por PCV2, ainda, são controversos. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo é verificar a ocorrência de transmissão horizontal e vertical de PCV2b em camundongos infectados experimentalmente. Foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro (experimento 1), para verificar a infecção vertical, um camundongo macho infectado cobriu uma fêmea e os filhotes foram testados. No segundo (experimento 2), para avaliar a infecção horizontal, camundongos de 21 dias de idade inoculados com PCV2 foram alocados com não infectados (caontactantes) e, posteriormente, os contactantes foram testados para PCV2. No experimento 1, após o período de gestação, a fêmea pariu 10 camundongos dos quais 60 % (6/10) foram positivos para o agente. No experimento 2, tanto animais inoculados quanto os contactantes, não apresentaram alterações clinicas e lesões macroscópicas de infecção de PCV2, mas o DNA viral foi recuperado em quatro dos cinco animais do grupo contactante. A detecção de DNA viral em filhotes de fêmeas primo-infectadas e em camundongo que tiveram contato com camundongo inoculados demonstrou que PCV2 pode ser transmitido vertical e horizontalmente. Esses resultados confirmam a importância dos roedores na manutenção e disseminação de PCV2 em granjas de suínos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Guinea Pigs , Mice , Circovirus/pathogenicity , 28573 , Circoviridae Infections/transmission , Disease Transmission, Infectious/veterinary , Animals, Laboratory/virology , DNA, Viral/analysis
9.
Atas saúde ambient. ; 2(2): 21-28, Mai-Ago. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: vti-378921

ABSTRACT

The studies of mice susceptibility to PCV2 infection are still controversial, despite the importance of PCV2 infection in pigs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to verify the occurrence of horizontal and vertical transmission of PCV2b in mice experimentally infected. Two experiments were performed. In experiment 1 an infected male mice covered a female to verify vertical infection. The pups were tested to detected viral DNA. In experiment 2 the 21 days of age mice were inoculated with PCV2 and allocated with uninfected, i.e. contactantes, to evaluate the horizontal infection. Subsequently, the contactants and inoculated mice were tested for PCV2 DNA. The samples collected from both experiments had their DNA extracted and were further submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In experiment 1, after the gestation period, the female farrowed 10 mices of which 60% (6/10) were positive for the agent. In experiment 2, both the inoculated and the contacts animals showed no clinical changes and gross lesions of PCV2 infection, but viral DNA was recovered in four of the five animals of the contactant group. The detection of viral DNA in the offspring of the primo-infected females and in the mice that had contact with inoculated mice demonstrated that PCV2 can be transmitted vertically and horizontally.(AU)


Apesar da importância da infecção de PCV2 em suínos, os estudos de susceptibilidade de camundongos para a infecção por PCV2, ainda, são controversos. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo é verificar a ocorrência de transmissão horizontal e vertical de PCV2b em camundongos infectados experimentalmente. Foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro (experimento 1), para verificar a infecção vertical, um camundongo macho infectado cobriu uma fêmea e os filhotes foram testados. No segundo (experimento 2), para avaliar a infecção horizontal, camundongos de 21 dias de idade inoculados com PCV2 foram alocados com não infectados (caontactantes) e, posteriormente, os contactantes foram testados para PCV2. No experimento 1, após o período de gestação, a fêmea pariu 10 camundongos dos quais 60 % (6/10) foram positivos para o agente. No experimento 2, tanto animais inoculados quanto os contactantes, não apresentaram alterações clinicas e lesões macroscópicas de infecção de PCV2, mas o DNA viral foi recuperado em quatro dos cinco animais do grupo contactante. A detecção de DNA viral em filhotes de fêmeas primo-infectadas e em camundongo que tiveram contato com camundongo inoculados demonstrou que PCV2 pode ser transmitido vertical e horizontalmente. Esses resultados confirmam a importância dos roedores na manutenção e disseminação de PCV2 em granjas de suínos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Guinea Pigs , Mice , Circovirus/pathogenicity , Circoviridae Infections/transmission , Disease Transmission, Infectious/veterinary , 28573 , Animals, Laboratory/virology , DNA, Viral/analysis
10.
Arq. Inst. Biol. (Online) ; 80(4): 393-399, 2013. graf
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1402776

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do trabalho é descrever uma estratégia para a obtenção de animais negativos para o PCV2 oriundos de uma granja positiva para este vírus. Dezesseis leitões foram obtidos de fêmeas que tiveram os títulos de IgG anti-PCV2 e o DNA viral testados durante a gestação. Esses leitões, aos sete e dez dias de idade, foram transferidos para a unidade de pesquisa. Durante o período de 7 e 10 aos 49 e 52 dias de idade, amostras de soro, suabes nasal e fecal foram coletadas, a cada sete dias. Após esse período, três animais permaneceram na unidade de pesquisa e foram acompanhados dos 49 aos 114 dias de idade, com coletas realizadas a cada 28 dias. Não houve diferença significativa (p = 0,317) de viremia entre marrãs (n = 6) e porcas (n = 10). Com relação aos níveis de IgG, observou-se diferença significativa (p = 0,0213) entre porcas e marrãs. Os leitões (n = 16), obtidos de duas fêmeas, foram transferidos para a unidade de pesquisa. Os animais entre 7 e 10 dias e aos 49 e 52 dias de idade apresentaram queda de IgG e ausência de IgM anti-PCV2; e as amostras de soro, suabe nasal e fecal foram negativos para o DNA de PCV2. Após os 49 dias, nos três animais mantidos isolados, a detecção de IgG, IgM e DNA para PCV2 permaneceu negativa. Concluindo, a estratégia de manejo utilizada permitiu obter suínos negativos para PCV2 oriundo de granjas positivas para o agente


The present study describes a strategy to obtaining PCV2-negative animals from a PCV2-positive herd. Sixteen piglets were selected from females that had their IgG anti-PCV2 and viral circulation followed during pregnancy. These 7-days old piglets were transferred to the research unit. During the period from 7 to 49 days of age, serum, nasal and fecal swabs were collected every seven days. After this period, three animals remained in the research unit and were followed from 49 to 114 days of age, with samples taken each 28 days. No difference (p = 0.317) in viremia between gilts (n = 6) and sows (n = 10) were observed. Regarding the IgG levels, a significant difference (p = 0.0213) were found between gilts and sows. The piglets (n = 16), obtained from the two females, were transferred to the research unit. The animals between 7 and 10 and 49 and 52 days of age showed a decreased of the IgG title and absence of IgM; the serum and fecal and nasal swabs were negative for PCV2 DNA. After 49 days of age, the three remained animals negative for IgG, IgM and viral DNA for PCV2. In conclusion, the strategy of handling used herein allowed the obtention of PCV-2 negative pigs from PCV2-positive herds.


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine , Virus Diseases/immunology
11.
Ciênc. rural ; Ciênc. rural (Online);35(5): 1216-1219, set.-out. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-416205

ABSTRACT

Foram avaliados 304 cães de ambiente rural e urbano do município de Monte Negro, Rondônia, através do Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado (AAT), Soroaglutinação Lenta em Tubos (SAL) e 2-Mercaptoetanol (2-ME) para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Brucella abortus e da Imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) e Imunodifusão em gel de ágar com soro tratado com 2-Mercaptoetanol (IDGA-ME) para Brucella canis. Foram consideradas positivas as amostras reagentes nas provas confirmatórias do 2-ME e IDGA-ME. Verificaram-se 56 (18,4 por cento) animais reagentes ao AAT e 12 (4,0 por cento) reagentes a SAL. Apenas um cão (0,3 por cento) foi considerado positivo, confirmado pela prova do 2-ME. Foram observadas 11 (3,6 por cento) reações á IDGA, porém não houve confirmação na prova do IDGA-ME. Ressalta-se a baixa ocorrência de cães positivos ao 2-ME e a ausência de animais reagentes á IDGA-ME.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies , Brucella abortus , Brucella canis , Dogs , Serology
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