Micro-shear bond strength of different surface treatments on a polymer infiltrated ceramic network.

Background: Polymer infiltrated ceramic networks, or hybrid ceramics, are a combination of infiltrating polymerizable organic monomers into a pre-sintered porous ceramic matrix. In addition to having good mechanical properties, the polymer infiltrated ceramic network must comply with the possibility of adequate bonding to the resinous cement. The surface conditioning of this hybrid material must be carefully considered due to its organic composition and ceramic network. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of hydrofluoric acid and a self-etching ceramic primer, under two different application times, on the bond strength of a polymer infiltrated ceramic network. Methods: Blocks of a polymer infiltrated ceramic network were cut to obtain sheets, and these were randomized into five groups. For the group termed AAS, airborne-particle abrasion with Al 2O 3 (aluminum oxide) of 50µm was used. For groups HF2 and HF6, hydrofluoric acid was used for 20 and 60 seconds respectively, and for the groups MB2 and MB6, a self-etch ceramic primer was applied for 20 and 60 seconds respectively. A silane was applied to the groups AAS, HF2, and HF6 after the treatment. After 24-hour storage in distilled water, a micro-shear bond strength test was performed using a universal mechanical testing machine. All samples were evaluated in a stereomicroscope at 40x and 50x to determine the type of failure. Results: The highest and lowest values of bond strength were reported by groups MB6 and AAS, respectively. Groups HF2, HF6, MB6, and MB2 did not report statistically significant differences. The predominant failure pattern was a mixed failure. Conclusions: With the limitations of the present investigation, the treatments of self-etching ceramic primer and hydrofluoric acid followed by silane were reported to be statistically equal at 20 and 60 seconds.

Change of dental color and temperature through two bleaching agents boosted with light emitted by diodes.

INTRODUCTION: The use of light sources during the application of bleaching can reduce the time and improve the results, but at the same time this can increase the dental temperature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two bleaching agents and the increase in dental temperature with the use of light emitted by diodes (LED)-unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty third molars were obtained and randomized: the whiteness without lamp (WHN) and Pola office without lamp (PON) groups, two bleaching systems based on 35% hydrogen peroxide were used, according to manufacturer specifications. For the whiteness with lamp (WHL) and Pola office with lamp (POL) groups the same bleaching agents were light boosted. A spectrophotometer and ∆WID equation was used to record and analyzed teeth color. An infrared thermometer was used to record the external and internal temperature. A ∆T was obtained by the difference of the temperature of the groups with and without LED (WHN-WHL and PON-POL). For statistical analysis Kruskal-Wallis test and Anova test were performed. RESULTS: The WHN, PON, WHL, and POL groups reported ∆WID values of 4.88 ± 1.08, 9.26 ± 3.27, 5.70 ± 2.48, 12.08 ± 5.44, respectively. The dates of internal temperature were 1.01 and 1.07°C, and for external temperature were 1.61 and 1.15°C respectively. CONCLUSIONS: With the limitations of this study, both bleaching agents reported a significant increase in ∆WID with and without association of light. Significant temperature increases were also observed. The highest average temperature increase was approximately 1.61°C. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Bleaching agents boosted with LED may improve the results of bleaching, but it is not essential to obtain good results.

Resistencia al impacto de dos acrílicos convencionales y dos de alto impacto para prótesis total / Impact resistance of two conventional and two high impact acrylics for dentures / Resistência ao impacto de dois acrílicos convencionais e dois acrílicos de alto impacto para próteses totais

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: las resinas acrílicas son los materiales idóneos para la elaboración prótesis totales, sin embargo, las caídas o golpes los hace susceptibles de fracturas. Conocer las propiedades y limitaciones de los acrílicos en nuestro entorno, nos permite realizar tratamientos con los mejores materiales. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la resistencia al impacto de dos acrílicos convencionales y dos de alto impacto para bases protésicas. Materiales y métodos: se realizaron 40 barras en cera para base para ser enmufladas de acuerdo con especificaciones de cuatro marcas de acrílicos (n=10), Lucitone199®, Masterdent acrylic resin, Veracril alto impacto® y convencional. La resistencia impacto se evaluó mediante la prueba de Charpy (Máquina ITC-XJU-22), con masa de péndulo de 0.237 Kg y fuerza de impacto de 1J. se realizó análisis estadístico por ANOVA a una vía y prueba de tukey. Resultados: los valores de resistencia al impacto fueron 16.5, 10.8, 9.3 y 5.9 KJ/m2 para Lucitone199®, Veracril alto impacto®, Veracril convencional® y Masterdent acrylic resin. Conclusiones: con las limitaciones de esta investigación, los acrílicos de alto impacto se pueden considerar como una alternativa más viable para la elaboración de prótesis totales ante los acrílicos convencionales, en busca de disminuir el riesgo de fracturas por accidentes o cargas repentinas de impacto.

Abstract Introduction and objective: acrylic resins are the ideal materials for the elaboration of dentures and removable prostheses, although the falls or blows make them susceptible to fractures. Knowing the properties and limitations of acrylics in our environment, allows us to carry out treatments with the best materials. The objective of this study was to compare the impact resistance of two conventional and two high impact acrylics for prosthetic bases. Materials and methods: 40 bars were made in base-wax and processed in muffles according to specifications of four trademarks of acrylics (n=10), Lucitone199®, Masterdent acrylic resin®, Veracril alto impacto® and convencional®. The impact resistance was evaluated by the Charpy test (Machine ITC-XJU-22), with a pendulum mass of 0.237 Kg and an impact force of 1J. One-way ANOVA and tukey test were performed for statistical analysis was performed. Results: the impact resistance values were 16.5, 10.8, 9.3 and 5.9 KJ / m2 for Lucitone199®, Veracril alto impacto®, Veracril convencional® and Masterdent acrylic resin®. Conclusions: with the limitations of this investigation, high impact acrylics can be considered as a more viable alternative for the elaboration of dentures compared to conventional acrylics, in order to reduce the risk of fractures due to accidents or sudden impact loads.

Resumo Introdução y objetivo: as resinas acrílicas são os materiais ideais para a elaboração de próteses totais, porém as quedas ou golpes os tornam suscetíveis a fraturas. Conhecer as propriedades e limitações dos acrílicos em nosso ambiente, permite realizar tratamentos com os melhores materiais.. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a resistência ao impacto de d ois acrílicos convencionais e dois de alto impacto para bases protéticas. Materiais e métodos: foram feitas 40 barras de cera para que a base seja silenciada de acordo com as especificações de quatro marcas de acrílicos (n=10), Lucitone199®, resina acrílica Masterdent, Veracril high impact® e convencional. A resistência ao impacto foi avaliada pelo teste de Charpy (Máquina ITC-XJU-22), com uma massa pendular de 0.237 kg e uma força de impacto de 1J. Foi realizada análise estatística ANOVA unidirecional e teste de tukey. Resultados: os valores de resistência ao impacto foram de 16.5, 10.8, 9.3 e 5.9 KJ/m2 para a resina acrílica Lucitone199®, Veracril high impact®, Veracril convencional® e Masterdent. Conclusões: com as limitações desta investigação, os acrílicos de alto impacto podem ser considerados uma alternativa mais viável para a elaboração de próteses totais em comparação aos acrílicos convencionais, a fim de reduzir o risco de fraturas devido a acidentes ou cargas de impacto repentinas.

Experimental study of brackets adhesion with a novel enamel-protective material compared with conventional etching.

INTRODUCTION: A reliable adhesion between fixed devices and dental surfaces is a key factor for the clinical success of any orthodontic treatment. Adhesion preparation is associated with damages related to abrasive cleaning, enamel structure defacing caused by etching, enamel loss when removing resin remnants at orthodontic treatment finishing stage or when conditioning surface for adhesive failure and fractures at bracket removal. AIM: The objective of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of metallic brackets to enamel adhered with a novel non-damaging and remineralizing material for enamel versus the traditional 37% phosphoric acid etching. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 75 Premolars collected from 15- to 40-years old healthy donors requiring extraction were collected. The teeth were then randomly divided into three groups (n = 25). One group was used for the experimental new method (EX), the second for the conventional phosphoric acid etching (PA) method and the third group was left without any treatment (NT). The metallic brackets were fixed with Transbond® XT adhesive and composite resin polymerized for 40 s with a halogen photocuring lamp. The shear bond strength was quantified by means of a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min crosshead speed and a load cell of 1 kN. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Tests of normality, adjustment of the data to a root square, a one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between the NT (1.4 MPa), PA (32.1 MPa) and EX (9.7 MPa) groups were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental material for conditioning human enamel induces calcium phosphates crystals on the enamel surface and improves the bond strength in comparison to the NT group.

Interaction of a universal adhesive with different surface treatments with feldespathic ceramics.

INTRODUCTION: Universal adhesives provide the possibility of simplified protocols for using ceramics; however, determining the synergy of these adhesives with silanes and the possibility of replacing silanes requires extensive research. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of a universal adhesive, associated with airborne-particle abrasion, acid etching, and silane, on the bond strength of a feldspathic ceramic CAD-CAM to composite resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CAD-CAM feldspathic ceramic blocks were cut into 2-mm slices and were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): A1, Single Bond Universal (SBU); A2, Adper Single Bond 2 (SB2); B1, silane + SBU; B2, silane + SB2; C1, acid etching + silane + SBU; C2, and acid etching + silane + SB2. Tygon tubes were placed and filled with composite resin. All samples were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h and then subjected to micro-shear tests. The type of failure was analyzed using a stereomicroscope. RESULTS: SBU demonstrated slightly higher adhesion values compared with SB2 in all groups; however, no significant differences were observed between the adhesives (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: SBU was not statistically superior to the control adhesive. The use of silane prior to a universal adhesive should not yet be eliminated.

Influencia del silano y adhesivos universales en la adhesión durante la reparación de un cerómero / Influence of silane and universal adhesives on adhesion during the repair of a ceromer

RESUMEN Introducción: No existe un protocolo definitivo para la reparación de cerómeros. Los adhesivos universales debido a su composición e indicaciones pueden ser una alternativa dentro de la reparación de restauraciones poliméricas, pero la asociación de los silanos con los adhesivos universales requiere más investigación. Objetivo: Evaluar y comparar la resistencia de unión de dos adhesivos universales en la interfase cerómero-resina, asociado o no a un agente silano. Material y métodos: Se realizaron seis bloques de cerómero y se trataron según las siguientes variables: (A) sin tratamiento, (B) agente silano, (C) adhesivo universal 1 + silano, (D) adhesivo universal 1, (E) adhesivo universal 2 + silano, (F) adhesivo universal 2 (n = 10). Se unió resina compuesta a dichas superficies y se realizó prueba de microtensión. El tipo de falla se evaluó con estereomicroscopio. Resultados: Los valores de resistencia de unión de los grupos fueron estadísticamente diferentes (p < 0.05), excepto entre ambos adhesivos universales evaluados. El grupo B presentó los valores más altos de resistencia adhesiva. Los grupos C y E obtuvieron valores de resistencia adhesiva menores en comparación con los grupos D y F. El tipo de falla predominante fue el adhesivo. Conclusión: El uso asociado de un silano funcional con los adhesivos universales no mejora los valores de resistencia adhesiva, por lo que debería evitarse. Como primera elección se recomienda el silano funcional, y en segundo grado, sólo usar adhesivos universales, pero no asociar los dos materiales en un mismo proceso adhesivo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: There is no definitive protocol for ceromer repairs. Universal adhesives due to their composition and indications may be an alternative for polymeric restorations repair. But the association of silanes with universal adhesives requires more research. Objective: To evaluate and compare the bond strength of two universal adhesives in ceromer - resin interface, associated or not with a silane agent. Material and methods: Six ceromer blocks were made and treated according to the following variables: (A) No treatment, (B) Silane agent, (C) Universal Adhesive 1 + Silane, (D) Universal Adhesive 1, (E) Adhesive Universal 2 + Silane, (F) Universal Adhesive 2 (n = 10). Composite resin was attached to these surfaces and a microtension test was performed. The type of failure was evaluated with a stereomicroscope. Results: The bond strength values of the groups were statistically different (p <0.05), except between both universal adhesives were evaluated. Group (B) presented the highest values of adhesive resistance. Groups (C and E) had lower adhesive strength values compared to groups (D and F). The most prevalent type of failure was the adhesive. Conclusion: The associated use of functional silane to universal adhesives does not improve adhesive strength values, so it should be avoided. As a first choice, functionalsilane is recommended, and in the second degree, only use universal adhesives, but do not associate the two materials in the same adhesive process.

Alternativas de tratamientos de superficie para adhesión de cerámica de disilicado de litio / Alternatives of surface treatments for adhesion of lithium disilicate ceramics

Introduction: the clinical success of a restoration is strongly associated with the quality and durability of the ceramic-cement resin interface. In order to obtain an adequate union between these materials of different nature surface treatments are used and achieve mechanical retention or chemical interaction. Objectives: to check if any method promotes a true chemical bond between lithium disilicate ceramics and resin cement. As well as determineif there is any treatment that reports bonding values comparable to hydrofluoric acid and silane (gold standard). Methods: a systematic literature review was developed based on the PRISMA strategy, where the databases were searched: Science Direct, Pubmed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Springer Journal, SciELO with MeSH and free terms from 2005 to November 2016 for articles in English and Spanish on surface treatments for lithium disilicate. Results: from 58 publications selected a sample of 21 articles. Two articles reported high risk of bias. Conclusions: hydrofluoric acid and silane continue to be the method with the highest and most reliable adhesion values in the literature. Universal adhesives are an alternative to promote chemical adhesion additional to the silane. Diamond burs, Nd: YAG and Er: YAG laser are not recommended as surface treatments(AU)

Introducción: el éxito clínico de una restauración se asocia fuertemente a la calidad y duración de la interface cerámica-cemento resinoso. Para que exista una adecuada unión entre estos materiales de distinta naturaleza se emplean tratamientos de superficie para lograr una buena retención mecánica o interacción química. Objetivos: revisar si algún método promueve una verdadera adhesión química entre la cerámica de disilicato de litio y el cemento resinoso, así como determinar si existe algún tratamiento que reporte valores de unión comparables al ácido fluorhídrico y silano (patrón de oro). Métodos: se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de literatura basada en la estrategia PRISMA, donde se buscó en las bases de datos: Science Direct, Pubmed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Springer Journal, SciELO con términos MeSH y libres desde el 2005 a noviembre de 2016 para artículos en inglés y español sobre tratamientos de superficie para disilicato de litio. Resultados: de 58 publicaciones, se seleccionó una muestra de 21 artículos. Dos artículos reportaron riesgo de sesgo alto. Conclusiones: el ácido fluorhídrico y silano continúan siendo el método con los valores de adhesión más altos y confiables de la literatura. Los adhesivos universales son una alternativa para promover adhesión química adicional al silano. Fresas diamantadas, laser Nd: YAG y Er:YAG no se recomienda como tratamientos de superficie(AU)

Alternativas de tratamientos de superficie para adhesión de cerámica de disilicado de litio / Alternatives of surface treatments for adhesion of lithium disilicate ceramics

Introduction: the clinical success of a restoration is strongly associated with the quality and durability of the ceramic-cement resin interface. In order to obtain an adequate union between these materials of different nature surface treatments are used and achieve mechanical retention or chemical interaction. Objectives: to check if any method promotes a true chemical bond between lithium disilicate ceramics and resin cement. As well as determineif there is any treatment that reports bonding values comparable to hydrofluoric acid and silane (gold standard). Methods: a systematic literature review was developed based on the PRISMA strategy, where the databases were searched: Science Direct, Pubmed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Springer Journal, SciELO with MeSH and free terms from 2005 to November 2016 for articles in English and Spanish on surface treatments for lithium disilicate. Results: from 58 publications selected a sample of 21 articles. Two articles reported high risk of bias. Conclusions: hydrofluoric acid and silane continue to be the method with the highest and most reliable adhesion values in the literature. Universal adhesives are an alternative to promote chemical adhesion additional to the silane. Diamond burs, Nd: YAG and Er: YAG laser are not recommended as surface treatments(AU)

Introducción: el éxito clínico de una restauración se asocia fuertemente a la calidad y duración de la interface cerámica-cemento resinoso. Para que exista una adecuada unión entre estos materiales de distinta naturaleza se emplean tratamientos de superficie para lograr una buena retención mecánica o interacción química. Objetivos: revisar si algún método promueve una verdadera adhesión química entre la cerámica de disilicato de litio y el cemento resinoso, así como determinar si existe algún tratamiento que reporte valores de unión comparables al ácido fluorhídrico y silano (patrón de oro). Métodos: se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de literatura basada en la estrategia PRISMA, donde se buscó en las bases de datos: Science Direct, Pubmed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Springer Journal, SciELO con términos MeSH y libres desde el 2005 a noviembre de 2016 para artículos en inglés y español sobre tratamientos de superficie para disilicato de litio. Resultados: de 58 publicaciones, se seleccionó una muestra de 21 artículos. Dos artículos reportaron riesgo de sesgo alto. Conclusiones: el ácido fluorhídrico y silano continúan siendo el método con los valores de adhesión más altos y confiables de la literatura. Los adhesivos universales son una alternativa para promover adhesión química adicional al silano. Fresas diamantadas, laser Nd: YAG y Er:YAG no se recomienda como tratamientos de superficie(AU)

Clinical outcome of root caries restorations using ART and rotary techniques in institutionalized elders.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical performance of root caries restorations after a six-month period using two methods, a conventional technique with rotary instruments and an atraumatic restorative technique (ART), in an institutionalized elderly population in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. Root caries represents a multifactorial, progressive, chronic lesion with softened, irregular and darkened tissue involving the radicular surface; it is highly prevalent in the elderly, especially in those who are physically or cognitively impaired. A quasi-experimental, double-blind, longitudinal study was carried out after cluster randomization of the sample. Two different experienced dentists, previously trained, performed the restorations using each technique. After six months, two new investigators performed a blind evaluation of the condition of the restorations. The results showed a significantly higher rate of success (92.9%) using the conventional technique (p < 0.03). However, we concluded that ART may have been the preferred technique in the study population because 81% of those restorations survived or were successful during the observation period.

Clinical outcome of root caries restorations using ART and rotary techniques in institutionalized elders

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the clinical performance of root caries restorations after a six-month period using two methods, a conventional technique with rotary instruments and an atraumatic restorative technique (ART), in an institutionalized elderly population in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. Root caries represents a multifactorial, progressive, chronic lesion with softened, irregular and darkened tissue involving the radicular surface; it is highly prevalent in the elderly, especially in those who are physically or cognitively impaired. A quasi-experimental, double-blind, longitudinal study was carried out after cluster randomization of the sample. Two different experienced dentists, previously trained, performed the restorations using each technique. After six months, two new investigators performed a blind evaluation of the condition of the restorations. The results showed a significantly higher rate of success (92.9%) using the conventional technique (p < 0.03). However, we concluded that ART may have been the preferred technique in the study population because 81% of those restorations survived or were successful during the observation period.

Uso de incrustaciones de resina compuesta tipo onlay en molares estructuralmente comprometidos / Use of onlay-type composite resin inlays in structurally involved molars

Las incrustaciones en resina compuesta son una alternativa de bajo costo ante los métodos de obturación directos, frente a las dificultades de la adaptación marginal y la ubicación de contactos proximales, porque permiten otorgar una mejor anatomía dental a la restauración y superar el fenómeno de contracción al polimerizar grandes capas de material por fuera de la cavidad dental. El objetivo del presente artículo fue exponer el uso de la resina compuesta bajo técnica indirecta como una alternativa de fácil manipulación y resultados clínicos considerables ante la afectación estructural de molares. Se presentaron dos casos clínicos de incrustaciones con resina compuesta de tipo inlay onlay en dos molares permanentes afectados estructuralmente, uno de ellos fue tratado endodónticamente. Para la obtención de un troquel de trabajo sobre el que se confecciona la incrustación bajo técnica incremental se obtienen modelos al impresionar con alginato la arcada de los dientes seleccionados, se realiza vaciado en silicona liviana del diente preparado y el resto en yeso piedra tipo III. El proceso de cementación en la cavidad bucal se lleva a cabo con cemento resinoso de doble curado. Las incrustaciones fueron sometidas a un control a los seis meses para evaluar los signos de filtración o desadaptación marginal mediante el secado con aire de la jeringa triple, explorador y radiografías periapicales, que mostraron ausencia de desadaptación o pigmentación marginal. Se concluyó que ante la afectación estructural de molares, las incrustaciones con resina compuesta bajo técnica indirecta fueron de fácil manipulación y se obtuvieron satisfactorios resultados clínicos(AU)

The composite resin inlays are a low cost alternative which seeks improvements to the direct filling methods meet the challenges of the marginal adaptation, location of proximal contacts, allows us to improve the restoration dental anatomy and overcome the phenomenon of contraction at large sections of material polymerized outside the dental cavity. The objective of this article was to show the use of the composite with indirect technique how an alternative to easy handle and significant clinical results with the structural involvement of molars. The article reports two cases of composite resin inlay onlay in two permanent molars structurally affected, one endodontically treated. The collection of models is performed by the arch alginate impression of the teeth selected, making silicone light casting the prepared tooth and the rest in type III dental stone to obtain a die of work on drawing up the inlay in incremental technique. The cementation process oral cavity is carried out with dual cure resin cement. To control at six months for signs of a leak or marginal jet we used air-dried syringe, explorer and periapical X-Ray. The clinical examination and radiographic analysis revealed a good performance of the restorations in the absence of mismatch or marginal pigmentation. In conclusions the use of the composite inlays in molars with structural involvement with indirect technique is an alternative to easy handle and significant clinical results(AU)