Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/etiology , Brain Damage, Chronic/congenital , Intellectual Disability/etiology , Basal Ganglia/physiopathology , Brain Damage, Chronic/complications , Child, Preschool , Electroencephalography , Evoked Potentials , Female , Humans , Movement Disorders/etiology , Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology , SyndromeABSTRACT
The ultrastructure of the round window membrane of the cat was investigated. Three distinct layers were recognised and described. It was established that the outer epithelial layer is non-ciliated, but often contains microvilli. The middle layer, under the basement membrane, contains a large amount of collagen and elastic fibres in addition to fibrocytes. The inner layer is a continuation of the epithelial layer of the perilymphatic space. The thickness of the membrane has been measured as being 15--20 micrometer. The latest human audiological and clinical observations concerning the function and rupture of the round window membrane emhasise the importance of the electron microscopic study of this membrane.
Subject(s)
Cochlea/ultrastructure , Round Window, Ear/ultrastructure , Animals , Cats , Cell Membrane/ultrastructure , Cilia/ultrastructure , Collagen , Connective Tissue/ultrastructure , Cytoplasm/ultrastructure , Elastic Tissue/ultrastructure , Epithelium/ultrastructure , Female , Male , Membranes/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Cochlear- and vestibular function were investigated in 72 patients, aged between 4 and 7 years who had neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. Markedly more and more serious damage was found in the group of patients, who as neonates had serum bilirubin levels above 25 mg-%. The frequency of loss of cochlear and vestibular function was significantly higher in patients with hyperbilirubinaemia for more than 4 days. Contrary to data published until now, it can be concluded that the vestibular apparatus is the most sensitive part of the nervous system to bilirubin.
