ABSTRACT
The different pathologies of the prostate, involve the presence of a new microenvironment where inflammatory cells are actively recruited. This research explores the presence of mast cells and eosinophils associated with age and the evaluation of prostate cancer progress (Gleason Index). Forty two biopsies of anonymized patients, with confirmed prostate cancer, were used for histological analysis for eosinophils and mast cells and subsequent determination of Gleason index according to age. The results of the histological analyzes show the presence of eosinophils and mast cells in prostate biopsies with confirmed cancer. In the multiple correlation studies, a high correlation was observed between the presence of lymphocytes and the age of the patient diagnosed with prostate cancer, same correlation was observed between the patient's age and higher Gleason Index (Pearson and Spearman p< 0.05). It is concluded that in prostate biopsies from Chilean patients with confirmed cancer, eosinophilia and tissue mastocytosis were observed. Correlation analyzes show a direct correlation between older patients, higher Gleason index and presence of mast cell. Regarding eosinophilia, only a correlation between age and Gleason index was observed Further studies are suggested to determine that the presence of eosinophils and mast cells can be used as early bioindicators of prostate cancer.
Las diferentes patologías de próstata, involucran la presencia de un nuevo microambiente donde las células inflamatorias son activamente reclutadas. La presente investigación explora la presencia de mastocitos y eosinófilos asociadas a la edad y la evaluación del progreso del cáncer de próstata según índice de Gleason. Cuarenta y dos biopsias de pacientes anonimizados, con cáncer prostático confirmados, fueron utilizadas para su análisis histológico para eosinófilos y mastocitos y posterior determinación del índice de Gleason según edad. Los resultados de los análisis histológicos, muestran la presencia de eosinófilos y mastocitos en biopsias de próstata con cáncer confirmado. En los estudios de correlación múltiple, se observó una alta correlación entre la presencia de linfocitos, mastocitos y la edad del paciente diagnosticado con cáncer prostático, igual correlación se observó entre la edad del paciente y mayor índice de Gleason (Pearson y Spearman p<0,05). Se concluyó que en las biopsias de próstata de pacientes chilenos con cáncer confirmado, se observó eosinofilia y mastocitosis tisular. Los análisis de correlación muestran una correlación directa entre pacientes de mayor edad, índice de Gleason más alto y la presencia de mastocitos. Con respecto a la eosinofilia, solo se observó una correlación entre la edad y el índice de Gleason. Se sugieren estudios adicionales para determinar que la presencia de eosinófilos y mastocitos puede usarse como bioindicadores tempranos del cáncer de próstata.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Prostate/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Biopsy , Mastocytosis/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Chile , Age Factors , Eosinophilia/pathology , Early Detection of Cancer , Neoplasm GradingABSTRACT
Neuroanatómicamente, con la estimulación temprana, la experiencia vivida y los intereses personales cada individuo desarrolla los procesos y competencias para aprender a modo de estilos de aprendizaje. El test de Kolb evalúa las formas de aprender de cada persona. Su conocimiento facilita la adaptación de estrategias de enseñanza/aprendizaje según los estilos de aprendizaje, como también poner atención en alumnos con estilos de aprendizaje diferentes al de la cohorte. OBJETIVOS: Conocer los estilos de aprendizaje y su distribución en alumnos de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: El test de Kolb se aplica a estudiantes ingresados a la carrera de Medicina (segundo semestre) con una explicación previa breve. Se consideraron 101 estudiantes. Paralelamente se preguntó por origen geográfico, procedencia escolar preuniversitaria y edad. Los datos fueron tabulados en Excel y analizados con Stata 11.0. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron las respuestas del Test de Estilos de Aprendizaje de 101 estudiantes; la edad promedio fue de 18,9±1,2años. El 62,4% son de sexo masculino, el 64,3% provienen de colegios particulares pagados, 3 de cada 5 estudiantes provienen de la región metropolitana. Respecto a la forma de comprender y la experiencia del aprender, la mayoría lo hace por conceptualización abstracta (84,2%) y de modo de transformar la experiencia. En la mayoría de los casos se realiza por medio de la experiencia activa. En general el estilo de aprendizaje más frecuente es convergente (50,5%). En la forma en cómo perciben o cómo procesan lo aprendido no existe diferencia significativa según género (p≤0,05)
Neuro-anatomically, with early stimulation, lived experience and personal interests, each individual develops the processes and skills to learn according to a mode of learning styles. Kolb's essay evaluates each person's ways of learning. Their knowledge helps in the adaptation of teaching/learning strategies according to the learning styles, as well as taking into account students with learning styles different from the cohort or are special. OBJECTIVES: To determine the learning styles and their distribution in the medical students of the University of Chile. MATERIAL AND METHOD: After giving a brief explanation, the Kolb test was applied to 101 students admitted to the medical school (second semester). At the same time, questions were asked about geographic origin, pre-university background, and age. The data were tabulated in Excel and analysed using Stata 11.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: An analysis was made of the responses of the Learning Styles Test of 101 students with a mean age of 18.9±1.2years, of which 62.4% were male, 64.3% came from fee-paying private schools, and 3 out of 5 students came from the metropolitan region. As regards, the way of understanding and the experience of learning, the majority did by abstract conceptualization (84.2%) and by the transforming of experience method. In most cases it is done through active experience. In general, the most frequent learning style is Convergent (50.5%). There was no significant difference by gender (P<.05) in the way in which they are perceived or how they process what is learned
Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Medical/methods , Learning/classification , Comprehension/classification , Memory and Learning Tests , Chile , Learning Curve , Educational Measurement/methods , Formative FeedbackABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Adolescent alcohol and drug consumption are important public health problems in the Chilean young population. AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine the potential ofa data mining approach in scaffolding policy making, using the particular case of differential risks of harmful alcohol consumption in adolescent students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Index and control groups were composed by 7918 and 7138 participants respectively (drawn from a CONACE survey 2009), aged 16 ± 2 years, 52% mole. Heavy drinking at last month was the independent variable. As dependent variables parenting style, peer group influence, age and sex were used. For data analysis, a data mining approach was applied (CART, SPSS version 15). RESULTS: The peer group influence was the main discriminant variable in males and the total sample, proving to be the only relevant variable in the case of women. The results suggest how a data mining approach may be useful in order to develop a hard data scaffolding for making and implementing policies in general and policies addressing adolescent alcohol consumption in particular.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Checklist/methods , Data Mining , Health Policy , Adolescent , Age Factors , Chile/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Parenting , Peer Group , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Background: Adolescent alcohol and drug consumption are important public health problems in the Chilean young population. Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the potential ofa data mining approach in scaffolding policy making, using the particular case of differential risks of harmful alcohol consumption in adolescent students. Material and Methods: Index and control groups were composed by 7918 and 7138 participants respectively (drawn from a CONACE survey 2009), aged 16 ± 2 years, 52% mole. Heavy drinking at last month was the independent variable. As dependent variables parenting style, peer group influence, age and sex were used. For data analysis, a data mining approach was applied (CART, SPSS version 15). Results: The peer group influence was the main discriminant variable in males and the total sample, proving to be the only relevant variable in the case of women. The results suggest how a data mining approach may be useful in order to develop a hard data scaffolding for making and implementing policies in general andpolicies addressing adolescent alcohol consumption in particular.
