Resources for assessing parents' vaccine hesitancy: a systematic review of the literature.

The concept of Vaccine Hesitancy has begun to appear in the scientific landscape, referring to the reluctance of a growing proportion of people to accept the vaccination offer. A variety of factors were identified as being associated with vaccine hesitancy but there was no universal algorithm and currently there aren't any established metrics to assess either the presence or impact of vaccine hesitancy. The aim of this study was to systematically review the published questionnaires evaluating parental vaccine hesitancy, to highlight the differences among these surveys and offer a general overview on this matter. This study offers a deeper perspective on the available questionnaires, helping future researches to identify the most suitable one according to their own aim and study setting.

Design and hygiene issues in sports facilities. A pilot study which investigates fitness centres by using a multidisciplinary tool.

INTRODUCTION: Awareness of the benefits of the physical activity on health by the general public has increased the number of people who is practicing it in the recent years. The gyms are the primary place - as the main indoor environment - for practicing physical activity. METHODS: A multidisciplinary tool was used primarily to investigate and analyse the general aspects of fitness centres then an assessment tool was created to evaluate a specific aspect such as the location, dimension, maintenance, etc. from the design, hygiene and safety points of view. Each section of the tool consisted of a series of questionnaires where the facility managers and the researches must have answered. DISCUSSION: The tool was tested on various cases by analysing the critical issues which affects the quality of spaces and end users' health. CONCLUSIONS: The critical points observed from the tool that has an impact on the design of the gyms will help to shape future of these facilities. Several design and management strategies were also highlighted to improve the hygiene and health issues of fitness centres.

[Design and validation of a questionnaire for assessing Public Health residents' opinions and knowledge regarding the new mandatory vaccination law in Italy (DL 73/2017)]. / Costruzione e validazione di un questionario rivolto a Medici in formazione specialistica in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, riguardante opinioni e conoscenze relative al DL 73/2017.

BACKGROUND: Vaccines are an important tool to prevent communicable diseases. Despite their importance, vaccines seem to be victims of their own success and declining levels of vaccination uptake have been recorded in Europe and Italy. For this reason, Italy introduced a new mandatory vaccination law on July 31, 2017. We aimed to validate a questionnaire to assess the opinions and knowledge of Public Health residents about this issue. METHODS: A team of public health residents developed a questionnaire and validated it by administering it to a panel of 10 Public Health residents, members of the Vaccines and Vaccine Hesitancy Working Group of the Public Health residents Assembly of the Italian Society of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine. Cronbach's Alpha and Cohen's Kappa tests were used to analyse results. RESULTS: The final version of the questionnaire consisted in 23 items. The validation process showed a high level of internal consistency (alpha=0,82). The tests showed a relevant level of agreement (k= 0,75 ± 0,07). Finally, the feasibility test pointed out that 80% of respondents declared the questions were clear and easy to understand. CONCLUSION: The designed questionnaire is a valid and useful tool.