ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Las tendencias teóricas e investigativas refieren propuestas y contemplaciones de los fenómenos sociales que se desarrollan en el campo de la psicología de la actividad física y del deporte, las cuales permiten tener otras perspectivas y formas de interactuar en el contexto. Objetivo: Revisión de las tendencias teóricas e investigativas en el campo de la Psicología de la Actividad Física y del Deporte en Iberoamérica. Método: La investigación fue cualitativa, hermenéutico-comprensiva. La unidad de análisis se conformó de 20 artículos de revistas iberoamericanas indexadas en Scopus en los años 2016 y 2017. Su selección se hizo a partir de los descriptores Deporte y Actividad Física. La búsqueda se realizó en el título, el resumen y las palabras clave. Para su análisis, se empleó una rúbrica, la cual permitió sistematizar la información bibliométrica del artículo, sus autores y textos citados y las palabras clave. Resultados: Se identificaron los puntos de encuentro y las apuestas teóricas presentes en dichos artículos, agrupadas en trece categorías. Conclusiones: Resulta significativa la presencia de categorías generales de la psicología como motivación, relacionamiento, habilidades para la vida e intereses de intervención dentro de aspectos tan disciplinarios como la Actividad Física y la Psicología del Deporte.
Abstract Introduction: Theoretical and investigative tendencies refer to proposals and contemplations of the social phenomena that are developed in the field of psychology of physical activity and sport, which allow to have other perspectives and ways of interacting in the context. Objective: Review of theoretical and research trends in the field of Psychology of Physical Activity and Sports in Ibero-American. Method: The research was qualitative, hermeneutic-comprehensive. The analysis unit consisted of 20 articles of Ibero-American journals indexed in Scopus in 2016 and 2017. Their selection was made from two descriptors Sport and Physical Activity. The search was carried out in the title, the summary and the keywords. For its analysis, a rubric was used, which allowed systematizing the bibliometric information of the article, its authors and cited texts and the keywords. Results: The agreement points and theoretical bets present in these articles were identified, grouped into thirteen categories. Conclusions: It is significant the presence of general categories of psychology such as motivation, relationship, life skills and intervention interests in such disciplinary aspects as Physical Activity and Sports Psychology.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In 1988, Modic and his colleagues described changes in the subchondral bone marrow of the vertebral plates in patients with degenerative disease or other pathologies, which were observed in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of the spine and were subdivided into three patterns of signal changes, called Modic type I, Modic type II and Modic type III. The main differential diagnosis of the Modic I changes of the vertebral plates due to degenerative disease in spine NMR, is infection in its early stages. In their study in 2014, Patel and collaborators, using a protocol and the concept of diffusion in spine MRI, were able to demonstrate that by means of the "claw sing", a degenerative disease with Modic type I changes, can be differentiated from an infection in early stages. In this series of cases, the algorithm used by Patel et al. was implemented. METHODS: The clinical records of patients who consulted the emergency department for lumbar pain without clear etiology, between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017, were analyzed. Due to axial lumbar pain, subjects were hospitalized and studies were ordered, including contrasted MRI of the lumbosacral spine. Then, with laboratory tests and MRI findings of Modic type I changes, it was not possible to differentiate between degenerative disease vs. spondylodiscitis. Therefore, the algorithm used in the study by Patel and collaborators was applied. RESULTS: There were 13 patients identified with lumbar or dorsal pain over 3 months of evolution, with nonspecific symptoms; 5 patients (38.46%) reported arterial hypertension, 4 patients (30.77%) diabetes mellitus, and 4 patients (30.77%) chronic kidney disease stage V in management with hemodialysis, 3 patients (23.08%) presented immunosuppressive conditions and 3 patients (23.08%) had a history of spinal surgery with instrumentation. All the patients were hospitalized and a lumbosacral and thoracic spine simple MRI was performed with Modic type I changes to perform contrast-enhanced MRI with diffusion and ADC. From the 13 cases studied for low back pain, there were 7 patients (53.85%) with confirmed findings of Modic type I changes due to degenerative disease for presenting claw sign in spinal MRI diffusion and 6 patients (46.15%) Modic type changes I due to infection in the absence of a claw sign in the column MRI diffusion. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal column MRI with diffusion is useful to differentiate patients with type I changes due to degenerative disease with positive claw sign; of patients with type I changes due to infection with absent claw sign. In addition, in patients with compromised renal function, column MRI with diffusion without contrast could be a diagnostic alternative, since it does not require contrast media to confirm infection.
ABSTRACT
Reverse cholesterol transport is a process of high antiatherogenic relevance in which apolipoprotein AI (apoA-I) plays an important role. The interaction of apoA-I with peripheral cells produces through mechanisms that are still poorly understood the mobilization of intracellular cholesterol depots toward plasma membrane. In macrophages, these mechanisms seem to be related to the modulation of the activity of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), the enzyme responsible for the intracellular cholesterol ester biosynthesis that is stored in lipid droplets. The activation of ACAT and the accumulation of lipid droplets play a key role in the transformation of macrophages into foam cells, leading to the formation of atheroma or atherosclerotic plaque. ApoA-I Helsinki (or ∆K107) is a natural apoA-I variant with a lysine deletion in the central protein region, carriers of which have increased atherosclerosis risk. We herein show that treatment of cultured RAW macrophages or CHOK1 cells with ∆K107, but not with wild-type apoA-I or a variant containing a similar deletion at the C-terminal region (∆K226), lead to a marked increase (more than 10 times) in the intracellular ACAT1 protein level as detected by western blot analysis. However, we could only detect a slight increase in cholesteryl ester produced by ∆K107 mainly when Chol loading was supplied by low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Although a similar choline-phospholipid efflux is evoked by these apoA-I variants, the change in phosphatidylcholine/sphyngomyelin distribution produced by wild-type apoA-I is not observed with either ∆K107 or ∆K226.
