ABSTRACT
Discoidal high-density lipoproteins (D-HDL) are critical intermediates in reverse cholesterol transport. Most of the present knowledge of D-HDL is based on studies with reconstituted lipoprotein complexes of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) obtained by cholate dialysis (CD). D-HDL can also be generated by the direct microsolubilization (DM) of phospholipid vesicles at the gel/fluid phase transition temperature, a process mechanistically similar to the "in vivo" apoAI lipidation via ABCA1. We compared the apoA-I configuration in D-HDL reconstituted with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine by both procedures using fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements with apoA-I tryptophan mutants and fluorescently labeled cysteine mutants. Results indicate that apoA-I configuration in D-HDL depends on the reconstitution process and are consistent with a "double belt" molecular arrangement with different helix registry. As reported by others, a configuration with juxtaposition of helices 5 of each apoAI monomer (5/5 registry) predominates in D-HDL obtained by CD. However, a configuration with helix 5 of one monomer juxtaposed with helix 2 of the other (5/2 registry) would predominate in D-HDL generated by DM. Moreover, we also show that the kinetics of cholesterol efflux from macrophage cultures depends on the reconstitution process, suggesting that apoAI configuration is important for this HDL function.
Subject(s)
Apolipoprotein A-I/metabolism , Cholesterol/metabolism , Lipoproteins/metabolism , Amino Acid Substitution , Animals , Apolipoprotein A-I/chemistry , Apolipoprotein A-I/genetics , Cell Line , Cholesterol/chemistry , Cholesterol/genetics , Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/chemistry , Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/metabolism , Humans , Lipoproteins/chemistry , Lipoproteins/genetics , Macrophages/cytology , Macrophages/metabolism , Mice , Mutation, Missense , Protein Structure, Secondary , Protein Structure, TertiaryABSTRACT
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major protein component of high density lipoproteins. This protein has key functions in lipoprotein metabolism and its plasma concentration is inversely correlated with the incidence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. There is an increasing need to develop methods for efficient production of recombinant apoA-I for using it in basic research or pharmacological therapy. An apoA-I variant lacking two amino acid residues at the N-terminus can be easily produced by bacterial expression. We report here the characterization of this variant comparing its properties with those of the protein isolated from human serum. The results validate the use of this variant in future assays and investigations.