ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Wheezing constitutes a common respiratory symptom in children, and several risk factors have been associated with the prevalence of recurrent wheezing (RW) and its severity, especially viral respiratory infections and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between smoking patterns in the home and wheezing, in infants from the city of Córdoba, Argentina, during their first year of life. METHODS: Parents of infants were invited to complete a standardized questionnaire voluntarily and anonymously (WQ-P1-EISL). Wheezing in the first 12 months of life was classified as occasional wheezing (OW) when having one or two episodes during the first 12 months of life; recurrent wheezing (RW) if having three or more, and more frequent wheezing (MFW) ≥6 episodes. RESULTS: 409 infants (39.0%) had one or more episodes of wheezing in the first 12 months. Of these, 214 infants (52.3%) presented occasional wheezing (OW), 135 (33%) had recurrent wheezing (RW), and 60 (14.7%) more frequent wheezing (MFW). SHS was significantly related to MFW, especially if the mother smoked (OR=2.7; IC 95%: 1.4-5.18; p=0.0009) or if she smoked during pregnancy (OR=4; IC 95%: 1.8-8.5; p=0.0001). This group of MFW was also associated with SHS as well as having been to the emergency room for wheezing (40.87%, p=0.0056). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that second-hand tobacco smoke is a significant risk factor for the presence of wheezing in infants, and for its severity. Our findings have significant implications for public health, as smoking is a modifiable behavior.
Subject(s)
Respiratory Sounds/etiology , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Argentina/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Infant , Male , Parents , Prevalence , Recurrence , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Wheezing is a very common respiratory symptom in infants. The prevalence of wheezing in infants, conducted in developed countries shows prevalence rates ranging between 20% and 30%. However, we do not know the risk factors in our population of wheezing infants. METHODS: A standardised written questionnaire (WQ-P1-EISL) in infants between 12 and 18 months of age residing in the city of Cordoba was used; population/sample included 1031 infants. Recurrent wheezing (RW) was defined as three or more episodes of wheezing reported by the parents during the first 12 months of life. Data obtained were coded in Epi-Info™ (version 7) and statistically analysed with SPSS (version 17.5) software in Spanish. Parametric tests (one-way ANOVA) were performed for identifying significantly associated variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of wheezing infants was 39.7%; recurrent wheezing 33%; and severe wheezing 14.7%; 13.7% had pneumonia before the first year and of these 6.3% were hospitalised, multiple variables as risk factors for wheezing were found such as: >6 high airway infections and bronchiolitis in the first three months of life, smokers who smoke in the home among other risk factors and protective factors in those who have an elevated socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: It is known that persistent respiratory problems in children due to low socioeconomic status is a risk factor for wheezing, pneumonia and could be a determining factor in the prevalence and severity of RW in infants. Research suggests that there are areas for improvement in the implementation of new educational strategies.
Subject(s)
Asthma/epidemiology , Respiratory Sounds , Argentina/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Prevalence , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Asthma/epidemiology , Adolescent , Argentina/epidemiology , Asthma/immunology , Asthma/physiopathology , Humans , Prevalence , Respiratory SoundsABSTRACT
La alergia a los ácaros del polvillo doméstico en asociación al asma es, actualmente considerado un problema de diseminación mundial. Entre el 70 al 90% de los pacientes asmáticos tienen test cutáneo positivos a extractos de ácaros, particularmente a D. pteronyssinus y D. farinae. Numerosos estudios han encontrado sensibilidad cutánea a otros Piroglífidos, tal el caso de E. maynei. En los depósitos de granos, alimentos y maderas, entre otros, se han hallado ácaros que se desiganaron "de almacenamiento" y que ahora son llamados "domésticos" ya que también se pueden encontrar en las viviendas. No conocíamos la prevalencia de sensibilidad a extractos de otros ácaros del sub-orden astigmata. En este estudio se presentan la frecuencia de sensibilización cutánea en niños asmáticos de Córdoba y niños y adultos asmáticos de Santa Fe a extractos de D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, B. tropicalis, A. ovatus, C. arcuatus y L. destructor. Tanto en los pacientes asmáticos de Córdoba como de Santa Fe, la mayor frecuencia de sensibilización cutánea fue a D. pteronyssinus, 63.3% y 72.7% respectivamente. B. tropicalis fue el segundo alergeno hallado en Córdoba (58.3%) y D. farinae en Santa Fe (66.6%). Los extractos alergénicos de los otros ácaros estudiados arrojaron positividades entre el 6 y el 57.5% de los casos estudiados. Los ácaros del sub-orden Astigmata, no Piroglífidos, son capaces de inducir sensibilidad cutánea en niños y adultos asmáticos de nuestro país
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Mites/immunology , Allergens , Asthma/immunology , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Mites/classification , Allergens/isolation & purification , Asthma/etiology , Dust/adverse effects , Skin Tests/methodsABSTRACT
La alergia a los ácaros del polvillo doméstico en asociación al asma es, actualmente considerado un problema de diseminación mundial. Entre el 70 al 90% de los pacientes asmáticos tienen test cutáneo positivos a extractos de ácaros, particularmente a D. pteronyssinus y D. farinae. Numerosos estudios han encontrado sensibilidad cutánea a otros Piroglífidos, tal el caso de E. maynei. En los depósitos de granos, alimentos y maderas, entre otros, se han hallado ácaros que se desiganaron "de almacenamiento" y que ahora son llamados "domésticos" ya que también se pueden encontrar en las viviendas. No conocíamos la prevalencia de sensibilidad a extractos de otros ácaros del sub-orden astigmata. En este estudio se presentan la frecuencia de sensibilización cutánea en niños asmáticos de Córdoba y niños y adultos asmáticos de Santa Fe a extractos de D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, B. tropicalis, A. ovatus, C. arcuatus y L. destructor. Tanto en los pacientes asmáticos de Córdoba como de Santa Fe, la mayor frecuencia de sensibilización cutánea fue a D. pteronyssinus, 63.3% y 72.7% respectivamente. B. tropicalis fue el segundo alergeno hallado en Córdoba (58.3%) y D. farinae en Santa Fe (66.6%). Los extractos alergénicos de los otros ácaros estudiados arrojaron positividades entre el 6 y el 57.5% de los casos estudiados. Los ácaros del sub-orden Astigmata, no Piroglífidos, son capaces de inducir sensibilidad cutánea en niños y adultos asmáticos de nuestro país
