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1.
Metas enferm ; 14(6): 8-12, jul. 2011. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-94491

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analizar el cumplimiento del registro de atención inicial al paciente con trauma grave en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de trauma y emergencias del Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid. Material y método: estudio descriptivo sobre los registros de atención inicial al paciente con trauma grave (RAIT), basados en la metodología Advanced Trauma Life Support. Se diseñaron 10 variables principales (VP): para evaluar el cumplimiento: demográfica, clínica, constantes atención inicial, constantes traslado intrahospitalario, constantes pruebas diagnósticas extra-unidad,equilibrio hídrico, atención prehospitalaria, atención en la unidad, pruebas diagnósticas-analíticas, equipo de atención. El nivel de cumplimentación total se relacionó con el Injurity Severity Score (ISS), turno y cambio-turno. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables y se utilizó el test de Kruskall-Wallis par el análisis bivariante. Resultados: se analizaron los registros del 331 pacientes. La cumplimentación total media fue 49,5%. No se daban diferencias significativas entre la cumplimentación total, ISS, turno y cambio-turno. El registro de VP: demográfica82,18%, clínica 3,63%, constantes en la atención inicial 44,4%, constantesy pruebas diagnósticas extra-unidad 16,9%, equilibrio hídrico 0,9%,ningún registro de constantes durante el traslado intrahospitalario, atención prehospitalaria 68,9%, atención en la unidad 91,8%, pruebas diagnósticas-analíticas95%, equipo de atención 90,3%.Conclusión: es necesario mejorar la cumplimentación del RAIT. Se detectan áreas de mejora como el incremento del registro de constantes atención inicial (temperatura), constantes pruebas diagnósticas extra-unidad, equilibriohídrico (pérdidas hemáticas) y grupo sanguíneo, por la importancia en el manejo del paciente con trauma grave (AU)


Objective: to analyse compliance with the registry of the initial care given to the patient with severe trauma at the Trauma and Emergency Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital 12 de Octubre in Madrid.Material and method: descriptive study of the registry of the initial caregiven to the patient with severe trauma (RAIT), based on the Advanced Trauma Life Support. 10 primary variables (PV) were designed (VP) to assess compliance:demographic, symptoms, initial care vital signs, vital signs during intrahospital transfer, diagnostic test outside the unit vital signs, water balance, prehospital care, care at the unit, diagnostic tests-laboratory work,care team. The level of total compliance was related to the Injury Severity Score(ISS), shift and shift-change. A descriptive analysis of the variables was carried and the Kruskall-Wallis test was used for bivariate analysis.Results: the registries of 331 patients were reviewed. Mean total compliancerate was 49,5%. No significant differences were found between total compliance, ISS, shift and shift-change. The registry of PV: demographic 82,18%, symptoms 3,63%, vital signs on initial care 44,4%, vital signs and diagnostic tests outside the unit 16,9%, water balance 0,9%, no recording of vital signs during intrahospital transfer, prehospital care 68,9%, care given at the unit 91,8%, diagnostic tests-laboratory work 95%, care team 90,3%.Conclusion: it is necessary to improve compliance with the RAIT protocol.Areas in need of improvement are detected such as increased recordings in the registry of vital signs at initial care (temperature), increased recordings of vital signs during diagnostic tests/laboratory work and increased recording of water balance (blood loss) and blood type, given the importance that these data have in the management of patients with severe trauma (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Multiple Trauma/nursing , Nursing Records/standards , Critical Care/methods , Quality of Health Care/organization & administration
2.
Metas enferm ; 9(10): 16-22, dic. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-70279

ABSTRACT

La Calidad de Vida (CV), posterior a un proceso patológico, ha sido reconocida en las últimas décadas como un importante indicador de la asistencia sanitaria. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la CV a largo plazo de los pacientes ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos con Traumatismo Craneoencefálico Grave (TCG).Material y método: utilizamos la encuesta MOS 36- ítem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) en su versión española, a la que se asoció el Índice de Katz. Incluimos a 78 pacientes con TCG al ingreso, domicilio español, e ingresados desde enero del año 2000 hasta diciembre de 2002. Resultados: 56 pacientes cumplimentaron la encuesta, el 82,2% de ellos con índice de Katz grado A. El dominio de mayor puntuación de la CV fue la Función Social (76,6± 25,8) y el de menor fue el Rol Emocional (64,9±41,2). Todos los valores fueron menores que los obtenidos en la población general española. Conclusiones: las secuelas que produce el TCG a largo plazo condicionan una CV inferior a la media de la población general y recomendamos que debieran plantearse futuros trabajos con instrumentos específicos de medición de la CV para el TCG


The Quality of Life (QL) following a head injury has been recognised in the last decades as an important indicator of healthcare. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term QL in patients admitted in the ICU with severe head injury.Material and method: the Spanish version of MOS 36 Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used in conjunction with Katz´s index to survey health status. 78 patients diagnosed with severe head trauma at admission, domiciled in Spain and admitted from 2000 to December 2002, were included in the study.Results: 56 patients completed the survey, in 82,2% of them Katz´s index was grade A. The domain with the highest score for QL was Social Function (76,6±25,8) and the lowest was Emotional Role (64,9±41,2). All values attained were lower than those obtained in the Spanish general population. Conclusions: sequelae from sustaining a major head injury limit long-term QL, shown to be inferior to that of the general population. Hence we recommend that further work is carried out using specific measurement instruments for QF in severe head injury (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Craniocerebral Trauma/rehabilitation , Quality of Life , Sickness Impact Profile , Social Support , Health Surveys
3.
Enferm Intensiva ; 15(3): 112-22, 2004.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15450151

ABSTRACT

Cervical collars are essential in the treatment of patients with suspicion or verification of acute cervical spine injury (ACSI). One of the complications of these devices is the development of pressure scores (PS). This study aims to determine its incidence in our unit, the characteristics of patients with ACSI who suffer PS due to the collar and to describe aspects related with these injuries. We include 92 patients with ACSI hospitalized more than 24 hours from January 2002 to December 2003. We analyze demographic variables, incidence, risk factors and characteristics of the PS that develop. The incidence of these lesions was 23.9%. Patients with PS presented: a higher injury severity score (ISS) (37.5 9.8 vs. 31.3 14.9), a greater percentage of catheter carriers of intracraneal pressure (ICP) (55.6% vs. 16.2%), longer time of mechanical ventilation (15.4 8.2 vs. 6.1 9) and longer stays (24.6 10.9 vs. 10 10.3), all statistically significant (p< 0.05). A total of 38 PS were detected, 7 (RI 5-13.8) being the median of the detection day. The chin, occipital and suprascapular zone were the most frequent locations. A total of 42.1% were grade II and 39.5% grade III. The occipital injuries were the most serious and those detected the latest. We conclude that a high index of suspicion of PS due to collar in patients with ACSI, elevated ISS, monitoring of ICP, mechanical ventilation and prolonged stays is required. The occipital zone requires special attention due to the seriousness of the injuries recorded. We suggest a specific multidisciplinary protocol for this problem.


Subject(s)
Braces/adverse effects , Cervical Vertebrae/injuries , Immobilization/adverse effects , Pressure Ulcer/etiology , Spinal Cord Injuries/therapy , Acute Disease , Algorithms , Chi-Square Distribution , Humans , Incidence , Length of Stay , Pressure Ulcer/epidemiology , Pressure Ulcer/prevention & control , Risk Factors
4.
Enferm Intensiva ; 14(4): 135-47, 2003.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14678707

ABSTRACT

The continuous renal replacement techniques (CRRT) aim to substitute the altered renal function during a period of time, presenting advantages compared to conventional hemodialysis (CH). This study aims to determine the situation of the CRRT in the Intensive care units (ICU) of the Madrid Community (MC) using a survey distributed to nurses (n = 131) of 14 ICU. It evaluates four aspects of the CRRT: management model, knowledge, problems and degree of satisfaction. It identified four models, the most frequent is that in which ICU nurse and intensivist participate (60%). Self-evaluation of knowledge was fair in 55.7% of the cases and the mean of correct responses in an evaluation of 10 questions was 4.19 and 5.45 in those with previous courses. A total of 84.7% think that CRRT significantly increases the workloads and 62.6% believe that they should be done by the ICU nurses. The main problem is the lack of knowledge to resolve complications during the technique. We conclude that the ICU nursing can handle the CRRT, adapting the nurse/patient ratio; training programs should be established and the role of the teaching nurse defined in critical renal cares.


Subject(s)
Critical Care , Renal Replacement Therapy/methods , Renal Replacement Therapy/nursing , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Health
5.
Enferm. intensiva (Ed. impr.) ; 14(4): 135-147, oct. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-25499

ABSTRACT

Las técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal (TCRR) intentan sustituir la función renal alterada durante un perÍodo, y presentan ventajas frente a la hemodiálisis convencional (HC). Este estudio pretende determinar la situación de las TCRR en las unidades de cuidados críticos (UCC) de la Comunidad de Madrid (CAM) mediante una encuesta repartida a enfermeras/os (n = 131) de 14 UCC. Evalúa 4 aspectos de las TCRR: modelo de manejo, conocimientos, problemas y grado de satisfacción. Identificó 4 modelos, el más frecuente es el que comparten la enfermera de UCC y el intensivista (60 por ciento). La autovaloración de conocimientos fue regular en un 55,7 por ciento de los casos, y en una evaluación de10 preguntas la media de respuestas correctas fue de 4,19, y de 5,45 en los que tenían cursos previos. El 84,7 por ciento piensa que las TCRR aumentan significativamente las cargas de trabajo. El 62,6 por ciento cree que deben ser asumidas por la enfermería de UCC. El principal problema es el déficit de conocimientos para resolver complicaciones durante la técnica. Concluimos que la enfermería de UCC puede y debe manejar las TCRR adecuándose la ratio enfermera/paciente; deberían establecerse programas de formación y perfilar el rol de enfermera docente en cuidados críticos renales (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Critical Care , Spain , Urban Health , Renal Replacement Therapy , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Sectional Studies
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