[Mazabraud syndrome]. / Síndrome de Mazabraud.

Mazabraud syndrome was first described in 1926 by Henschen, consisting of the association between bone fibrodysplasia and one or more intramuscular myxomas. The study paper conducted by Mazabraud et al. in 1967, described an association between the two pathologies. Later literature referred to this relationship with the eponym described above. In this report, we present the case of a 43-year-old female patient with a known diagnosis of bone fibrodysplasia and subsequent development of a right antecubital fossa mass, which was histologically confirmed as intramuscular myxoma. After the removal of the tumor, the literature was reviewed to find a possible relationship between myxomas and fibrous bone dysplasia, finding positive the association, referred to in the documents reviewed as Mazabraud syndrome.

El síndrome de Mazabraud fue descrito inicialmente en 1926 por Henschen, consiste en la asociación entre fibrodisplasia ósea y uno o más mixomas intramusculares. El documento de estudio realizado por Mazabraud y colaboradores en 1967 describió una asociación entre las dos patologías. Literatura posterior se refirió a esta relación con el epónimo antes descrito. En este reporte, presentamos el caso de una mujer de 43 años, con diagnóstico conocido de fibrodisplasia ósea y posterior desarrollo de una masa en fosa antecubital derecha, la cual fue confirmada histológicamente como mixoma intramuscular. Después de la extracción de la tumoración, se revisó la literatura para encontrar una posible relación entre mixomas y displasia ósea fibrosa, encontrando positiva la asociación, denominada en los documentos revisados como síndrome de Mazabraud.

Exophytic papillary penile cancer.

Penile carcinoma is a rare disease that has a wide range of pathology and morbidity. Occurs commonly in the 6th and 7th decades of life. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the predominant histological type. We present a case of a penile lesion of exophytic papillary morphology accompanied by multiple bilateral mobile inguinal lymph nodes.

[Haemorrhagic brain metastasis from prostatic adenocarcinoma]. / Metastasis cerebral hemorragica de adenocarcinoma prostatico.

INTRODUCTION: Prostatic adenocarcinomas have a marked tendency to spread to lymph nodes and bones, with occasional internal organ metastases. Brain metastases from prostatic carcinomas are rare. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a patient with haemorrhagic brain metastasis from prostatic adenocarcinoma, which was initially considered to be a parenchymatous brain haemorrhage. The possible ways by which it can spread, the difficulty involved in interpreting the images and the role played by a biopsy with immunostaining in reaching a final diagnosis are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Perhaps the most significant aspect of this case was the 13 year period that elapsed between diagnosis of the primary tumour and brain metastasis, the absence of spreading to lymph nodes and the localised, intrapelvic, aspect of the bone lesion that was detected.

[Paraganglioma of the cauda equina with papillary pattern and cytokeratin expression: 2 potential sources of diagnostic error. Report of a case and review of the literature]. / Paraganglioma de la cola de caballo con patrón papilar y expresión de citoqueratina: dos causas potenciales de error diagnóstico. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura.

UNLABELLED: Paragangliomas are unusual neuroendocrine tumours, rare in the cauda equina and filum terminale. Due to their low frequency, no classical patterns and dual immunophenotype, may be misinterpreted as others neoplasms more frequent in this site. It is our aim to report a case of paraganglioma of the cauda equina and filum terminale (PGCCFT), standing out it's histological-immunohistochemical pattern, differential diagnosis, prognostic and treatment. We reviewed the clinical presentation, NMR features and morphological aspect of one PGCCFT, diagnosed in the ABC Medical Center's Surgical Pathology Department of Mexico City. Report of the case: 26 years old man, who had been suffering a low lumbar pain for one year before he came to our hospital. The NRM showed heterointense lesion in the level of first and second vertebra, suggesting ependymoma. The tumor was totally resected. Histologically it was papillary, the chief cells have stained with chromogranin, synaptophysin, and cytokeratin. The few sustentaculars cells were S100 positive. The patient have haven a favorable course. CONCLUSIONS: The certainty and differential diagnosis of paragangliomas of the cauda equina and filum terminale needs correlation between histological pattern and immunophenotype, the last must be considered in the peculiar context of this anatomic region.

Dermoabrasión con ácido glicólico sobre la piel facial. Estudio histomorfométrico / Glycolic acid dermoabrasion on the facial skin. A histomorphometric study

El ácido glicólico es uno de los Alfa Hidroxi Ácidos que más se ha empleado como agente químico dermoabrasivo. Sobre la base de hallazgos reportados por algunos estudios cualitativos, en este trabajo se han tratado de evaluar cualitativa y cuantitativamente a nivel histológico los efectos del ácido glicólico sobre la piel de la cara. Se emplearon 4 tratamientos: ácido glicólico al 35 por ciento y 50 por ciento con 3 y 6 aplicaciones cada uno. Se aplicaron las soluciones en la piel de la cara de 44 pacientes femeninas con arrugas finas, tomándose biopsias antes y después del tratamiento. El estudio histomorfométrico se realizó con el software cubano Digipat. El grosor del estrato de Malpigio de la epidermis aumentó significativamente en todos los casos. El grosor del estrato córneo disminuyó cuando se utilizó el producto al 35 por ciento (6 aplicaciones) y al 50 por ciento (3 aplicaciones). La fracción de área ocupada por colágeno en la dermis papilar aumentó en las muestras analizadas. El infiltrado inflamatorio aumentó en las pacientes tratadas con ácido glicólico al 50 por ciento. Estos resultados permitieron comprobar que el ácido glicólico mejora las arrugas finas de la piel facial humana, recomendándose el tratamiento de ácido glicólico al 35 por ciento con 6 aplicaciones como el más adecuado (AU)

[Biomarkers in breast cancer with high over-expression of HER2 protein]. / Marcadores biológicos en carcinomas mamarios con alta sobreexpresión de proteína HER2.

INTRODUCTION: The predictive value of the HER2 protein over-expression in order to the breast carcinomas response to dexorubicin and Herceptin therapy has been proved. DAKO Herceptest pretend to be a tool in the identification of patients for whose Herceptin might be an option. In one breast carcinoma serie studied in our laboratory we detected a high over-expression of HER2. Only four cases were recurrent tumors. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the breast carcinoma serie assayed with DAKO Herceptest by the expression of other prognostic or predictive markers (hormone receptors, Ki-67, p53, tumoral ploidy) that are routinely tested in our laboratory. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 97 consecutive mammary carcinomas recieved between July and October, 2000 in the ABC Medical Center's Surgical Pathology Department of Mexico City, were analyzed with DAKO Herceptest, and for estrogen/progesterone receptors, p53, Ki-67 and tumoral ploidy. RESULTS: We found HER2 over-expression in 46.3% of the cases tested. The 47.6% of this subgroup showed hormone receptors negative immunophenotype, 89.7% high cellular proliferation index (Ki-67), 72.5% of p53 expression, and tumoral aneuploidy in 72.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The high expression of desfavorable prognostic and/or predictive factors for mammary carcinomas in the casuistic, suggest that the population in study have a particularly aggressive phenotype, where the over-expression of HER2 protein results in concordance and it is not related with tumoral relapse.

[An atypical rhabdoid/teratoid tumor. A presentation of three cases and review of the literature]. / Tumor rabdoide/teratoide atípico. Presentación de tres casos y revisión de la literatura.

INTRODUCTION: The atypical rhabdoid/teratoid tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged from a variant of medulloblastoma to become a distinctive clinico-pathological condition over the past ten years. This is more than simply nosological importance, since the five year survival expected in medulloblastomas is considerably better than the 11 months (average) seen in rhabdoid/teratoid tumors. OBJECTIVE: To describe the main clinico-pathological characteristics of a recently recognized condition, emphasizing its polymorphism and differential diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report the clinical, radiological, cytohistopathological and immunohistopathological aspects of three atypical rhabdoid/teratoid tumors diagnosed in the Hospital A.B.C. of Mexico City. RESULTS: The three tumors were seen in boys aged 18 months, 5 years and 14 years, localized to the right cerebellum, left cerebral hemisphere and left cerebellum, respectively. Different markers were shown including: vimentin, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, gliofibrillare acid protein, synaptophysin, alpha fetoprotein, S100, (HHF-35) actin, cromogranin, neurofilaments, human chorionic gonadotrophin, placental alkaline phosphatase, desmin, CD99 and carcinoembryonary antigen. We established the morphological similarities and differences in our cases, and noted the profuse vascular proliferation which in one case resembled vascular neoplasia. We compared our results with other published cases. CONCLUSIONS: The atypical rhabdoid/teratoid tumor of the CNS may easily be confused with other primary or metastatic tumors since the rhabdoid characteristics do not only occur in this tumor. Also the rhabdoid aspect may be less marked and in some cases does not predominate. Some zones of the tumor may be identical to other embryonic tumors of the CNS and the immunophenotype be superimposed on that of other neoplasias of the nervous system.

[Primary melanoma of the esophagus. Unusual case with Barrett's esophagus]. / Melanoma primario en el esófago. Caso inusual con esófago de Barrett.

OBJECTIVE: To present a rare entity of difficult preoperative diagnosis. BACKGROUND: Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus represents 0.1% of all malignant tumors in this organ. It has been described in association with esophageal melanocytosis and melanosis with a clinic behavior similar to other neoplasm in the esophagus, but is more aggressive and fatal. By endoscopy, it usually appears as a vegetant, non-obstructive lesion, with dark pigmentation in the melanotic variant, the sole evidence that suggests the diagnosis prior to microscopic examination. Clinical exclusion of metastasis melanoma as a possibility is obligatory. METHODS: We reviewed clinical, imagenologic, endoscopic, and anatomopathological aspects of an ulcerovegetant neoplasm on the esophago-gastric junction, surgically resected, in a 65 years-old man with progressive dysphagia, who was without tumoral relapse during 18 months after surgery. RESULTS: The tumoral mass was an anaplastic cell tumor with very scant melanic pigmentation and diffuses stain for HMB-45 antigen and S100 protein, considering it to be a primary malignant melanoma. The neighboring mucous membrane showed a typical Barrett's esophagus and melanocytic hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Endoscopy may suggest the possibility of esophagus melanoma when there is a vegetate, non-obstructive, pigmented tumor. 2) Immunohistochemistry confirms the entity if HMB-45 antigen and S100 protein are detected in the tumoral cells, while the negative results for keratin and leukocytic common antigen (LCA) eliminate carcinoma and lymphoma as possible diagnoses. 3) In our case, the presence of Barrett's esophagus is exceptional, because it has not been described previously in the literature reviewed.