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1.
BMC Pediatr ; 23(1): 34, 2023 01 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36670372

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There are evidence gaps in the management of pediatric cough, particularly for acute pediatric cough. This study had two aims: to identify therapeutic principles and unmet needs in the treatment of cough in pediatric patients (internationally), and to consider the evidence required to address these unmet needs. METHODS: A MEDLINE/PubMed database search was performed to identify articles describing therapeutic principles in the treatment of pediatric cough. An online survey of international pediatric cough experts was conducted, with questions on the definitions, diagnosis, treatment, and unmet needs in pediatric cough management. RESULTS: Cough guidelines have differing definitions of pediatric patients (≤12-18 years), acute pediatric cough (< 2-3 weeks), and chronic pediatric cough (> 4-8 weeks). Similarly, among 18 experts surveyed, definitions varied for pediatric patients (≤10-21 years), acute pediatric cough (< 3-5 days to < 6 weeks), and chronic pediatric cough (> 2-8 weeks). Guidelines generally do not recommend over-the-counter or prescription cough medicines in acute pediatric cough, due to lack of evidence. In the expert survey, participants had differing opinions on which medicines were most suitable for treating acute pediatric cough, and noted that effective treatments are lacking for cough-related pain and sleep disruption. Overall, guidelines and experts agreed that chronic pediatric cough requires diagnostic investigations to identify the underlying cough-causing disease and thereby to guide treatment. There are unmet needs for new effective and safe treatments for acute pediatric cough, and for randomized controlled trials of existing treatments. Safety is a particular concern in this vulnerable patient population. There is also a need for better understanding of the causes, phenotypes, and prevalence of pediatric cough, and how this relates to its diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas pediatric cough guidelines largely align with regard to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough, there is limited evidence-based guidance for the management of acute cough. There is a need for harmonization of pediatric cough management, and the development of standard guidelines suitable for all regions and patient circumstances.


Subject(s)
Cough , Humans , Cough/diagnosis , Cough/drug therapy , Cough/etiology , Chronic Disease , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Rev. ecuat. pediatr ; 23(3): 208-216, 12 de Diciembre del 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1411244

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La fibrosis quística (FQ), afecta el epitelio exocrino, formando una mucosidad espesa que obstruye los conductos de los diferentes órganos, siendo el pulmón y páncreas los más afectados. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la asociación entre los factores clínicos y las complicaciones, así como la supervivencia de pacientes con FQ atendidos en un centro de referencia pediátrica en México. Métodos: El presente estudio observacional, longitudinal, fue realizado en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría en México, de abril del 2012, a abril del 2022. Con una muestra no probabilística ingresaron al estudio niños con fibrosis quística. Las variables fueron: demográficas, complicaciones pulmonares, extrapulmonares y mortalidad. Se realiza la asociación con chi-cuadrado y la supervivencia con Kaplan-Meir. Resultados: Se analizan 71 pacientes, lactantes menores 41 casos (62%), pre-escolares 12 casos (16.9%). Fueron 40 hom-bres (56.3%). 57 casos (80.3%) tuvieron exacerbación infecciosa, 11 casos (15.5%) aspergi-losis broncopulmonar, 9 casos (12.7%) con hipertensión pulmonar, 5 casos (7%) con neumotórax, 12 casos (16.9%) con ventilación mecánica, 70 casos (98.5) con insuficiencia pancreática, 10 casos (14%) con enfermedad hepatobiliar. Hubo asociación de complica-ciones extrapulmonares con el fenotipo F508. La supervivencia global fue de 150 meses. En pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva la supervivencia fue de 55 meses (P<0.001), en pacientes con ventilación mecánica no invasiva fue de 106 meses (P<0.001), en pacientes con neumotórax fue de 25 meses P<0.001, en pacientes con aspergilosis bronco-pulmonar alérgica fue de 125 meses P<0.01. Conclusión: la mayor compli-cación extrapulmonar de pa-cientes con FQ es la insuficien-cia pancreática. La presencia de neumotórax disminuye la supervivencia.


Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects the exocrine epithelium, forming a thick mucus that obstructs the ducts of the different organs, with the lungs and pancreas being the most affected. This study aimed to determine the association between clinical factors and complications, as well as the survival of CF patients treated at a pediatric reference center in Mexico. Methods: This observational, longitudinal study was conducted at the National Institute of Pediatrics in Mexico from April 2012 to April 2022. Children with cystic fibrosis were entered into the study with a nonprobabilistic sample. The variables were demographic, pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications and mortality. The association was made with chi-square and survival with Kaplan- Meir. Results: Seventy-one patients were analyzed, including 41 infants (62%) and 12 preschoolers (16.9%). There were 40 men (56.3%). Fifty-seven cases (80.3%) had an infectious exacerbation, 11 cases (15.5%) had allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 9 cases (12.7%) had pulmonary hypertension, 5 cases (7%) had pneumothorax, 12 cases (16.9%) had mechanical ventilation, 70 cases (98.5%) had pancreatic insufficiency, and 10 cases (14%) had hepatobiliary disease. There was an association of extrapulmonary complications with the F508 phenotype. Overall survival was 150 months. In patients with invasive mechanical ventilation, survival was 55 months (P<0.001); in patients with noninvasive mechanical ventilation, it was 106 months (P<0.001); in patients with pneumothorax, it was 25 months (P<0.001); and in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, it was 125 months (P<0.01). Conclusion: The most significant extrapulmonary complication in CF patients is pancreatic insufficiency. The presence of pneumothorax markedly decreases survival.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Child , Survival Rate , Cystic Fibrosis , Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency , Pneumothorax
3.
Curr Microbiol ; 79(11): 353, 2022 Oct 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36209248

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a high adaptive capacity, favoring the selection of antibiotic-resistant strains, which are currently considered a global health problem. The purpose of this work was to investigate the rate and distribution of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with recurrent infections and to distinguish the current efficacy of antibiotics commonly used in eradication therapy at a Mexican institute focused on children. A total of 118 P. aeruginosa isolates from 25 children with CF (2015-2019) underwent molecular identification, antimicrobial sensitivity tests, and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA genotyping (RAPD-PCR). The bacterial isolates were grouped in 84 RAPD profiles, revealing a cross-infection between two sisters, whose resistance profile remained unchanged for more than 2 years. Furthermore, 77.1% (91/118) and 51.7% (61/118) of isolates showed in vitro susceptibility to ceftazidime and amikacin, respectively, antibiotics often used in eradication therapy at our institution. As well, 42.4% (50/118) were categorized as multi-drug resistant (MDR) and 12.7% (15/118) were XDR. Of these resistant isolates, 84.6% (55/65) were identified from patients with recurrent infections. The high frequency of XDR strains in children with CF should be considered a caution mark, as such resistance patterns are more commonly found in adult patients. Additionally, amikacin may soon prove ineffective. Careful use of available antibiotics is crucial before therapeutic possibilities are reduced and "antibiotic resistance crisis" worsens.


Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis , Pseudomonas Infections , Adult , Amikacin/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Ceftazidime/pharmacology , Ceftazidime/therapeutic use , Child , Cystic Fibrosis/complications , Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pseudomonas Infections/drug therapy , Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique , Reinfection
4.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 68 Suppl 1: s1-s122, 2021.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34311514

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Asthma continues to be one of the most frequent chronic respiratory diseases in our country. New methods for diagnosis and treatment have been described; accordingly, the international guidelines were renewed. OBJECTIVE: To create a national platform for the development of updated guidelines, solidly based on evidence: Comprehensive Asthma Management (Spanish acronym: MIA). METHODS: MIA uses the ADAPTE method. The MIA development group consists of experts in pulmonology-allergology-methodology and representatives of 13 institutions and societies of specialties that manage asthma. The international reference guidelines (selected with AGREE-II): GINA 2020, GEMA 5.0, BTS/SIGN 2019 and ATS/ERS consensus document 2014-2019 on severe asthma. MIA covers suspected asthma, diagnosis, treatment, and special groups. Key clinical questions were formulated on treatment steps 1-3, biomarkers and severe asthma. RESULTS: Based on evidence, safety, cost and local reality, the core group developed responses. Through a Delphi process the broad MIA development group suggested adjustments until consensus was reached. CONCLUSION: A document was generated with multiple figures and algorithms, solidly based on evidence about asthma management, adjusted for Mexico with a broad base among different societies that participated in its development. It does not include guidelines for acute asthma.


Antecedentes: El asma sigue siendo una patología respiratoria crónica frecuente en México. Se han descrito nuevos métodos para el diagnóstico y tratamiento conforme se renuevan las guías internacionales. Objetivo: Crear la plataforma nacional Manejo Integral del Asma (MIA), para el desarrollo de lineamientos actualizados con base en evidencia. Métodos: Se utilizó el método ADAPTE. El grupo de desarrollo de MIA estuvo integrado por expertos en neumología, alergología y metodología y representantes de 13 instituciones y sociedades de especialidades que manejan asma. Las guías internacionales de referencia (seleccionadas con AGREE-II) fueron GINA 2020, GEMA 5.0, BTS/SIGN 2019 y consenso ATS/ERS 2014-2019. En MIA se aborda sospecha de asma, diagnóstico, tratamiento y grupos especiales. Se formularon preguntas clínicas clave sobre tratamiento en los pasos 1 a 3, biomarcadores y asma grave. Resultados: Con base en evidencia, seguridad, costo y realidad local, el grupo nuclear desarrolló respuestas. Mediante proceso Delphi, el grupo amplio de desarrollo sugirió ajustes hasta que se logró el consenso. Conclusión: El documento generado contiene múltiples figuras y algoritmos, está sólidamente basado en evidencia acerca del manejo del asma y fue ajustado para México con participación de diferentes sociedades para su desarrollo; no se incluyeron lineamientos para la crisis asmática.


Subject(s)
Asthma , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/drug therapy , Humans , Mexico
5.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol ; 121(1): 7-13.e4, 2018 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29551403

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There was a need for a solid asthma guideline in Mexico to update and unify asthma management. Because high-quality asthma guidelines exist worldwide, in which the latest evidence on asthma management is summarized, the ADAPTE approach allows for the development of a national asthma guideline based on evidence from already existing guidelines, adapted to national needs. OBJECTIVE: To fuse evidence from the best asthma guidelines and adapt it to local needs with the ADAPTE approach. METHODS: The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II asthma guidelines were evaluated by a core group to select 3 primary guidelines. For each step of asthma management, clinical questions were formulated and replied according to (1) evidence in the primary guidelines, (2) safety, (3) Cost, and (4) patient preference. The Guidelines Development Group, composed of a broad range of experts from medical specialties, primary care physicians, and methodologists, adjusted the draft questions and replies in several rounds of a Delphi process and 3 face-to-face meetings, taking into account the reality of the situation in Mexico. We present the results of the pediatric asthma treatment part. RESULTS: Selected primary guidelines are from the British Thoracic Society and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (BTS/SIGN), Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), and Spanish Guidelines on the Management of Asthma (GEMA) 2015, with 2016 updates. Recommendations or suggestions were made for asthma treatment in Mexico. In this article, the detailed analysis of the evidence present in the BTS/SIGN, GINA, and GEMA sections on the (non) pharmacologic treatment of pediatric asthma, education, and devices are presented for 2 age groups: children 5 years or younger and children 6 to 11 years old with asthma. CONCLUSION: For the pediatric treatment and patient education sections, applying the AGREE II and Delphi methods is useful to develop a scientifically sustained document, adjusted to the Mexican situation, as is the Mexican Guideline on Asthma.


Subject(s)
Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use , Asthma/therapy , Disease Management , Asthma/physiopathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Dosage Calculations , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Mexico , Monitoring, Physiologic , Practice Guidelines as Topic
6.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 64 Suppl 1: s11-s128, 2017.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28441001

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The need for a national guideline, with a broad basis among specialists and primary care physicians was felt in Mexico, to try unifying asthma management. As several high-quality asthma guidelines exist worldwide, it was decided to select the best three for transculturation. METHODS: Following the internationally recommended methodology for guideline transculturation, ADAPTE, a literature search for asthma guidelines, published 1-1-2007 through 31-12-2015 was conducted. AGREE-II evaluations yielded 3/40 most suitable for transculturation. Their compound evidence was fused with local reality, patient preference, cost and safety considerations to draft the guideline document. Subsequently, this was adjusted by physicians from 12 national medical societies in several rounds of a Delphi process and 3 face-to-face meetings to reach the final version. RESULTS: Evidence was fused from British Thoracic Society Asthma Guideline 2014, Global Initiative on Asthma 2015, and Guía Española del Manejo del Asma 2015 (2016 updates included). After 3 Delphi-rounds we developed an evidence-based document taking into account patient characteristics, including age, treatment costs and safety and best locally available medication. CONCLUSIONS: In cooperation pulmonologists, allergists, ENT physicians, paediatricians and GPs were able to develop an evidence-based document for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of asthma and its exacerbations in Mexico.


Antecedentes: Con el objetivo de unificar el manejo del asma en México se estructuró una guía clínica que conjunta el conocimiento de diversas especialidades y la atención en el primer nivel de contacto. Se seleccionaron 3 guías publicadas en el ámbito internacional para su transculturación. Métodos: Conforme a la metodología ADAPTE se usó AGREE II después de la búsqueda bibliográfica de guías sobre asma publicadas entre 2007 y 2015. Se fusionó la realidad local con la evidencia de 3/40 mejores guías. El documento inicial fue sometido a la revisión de representantes de 12 sociedades médicas en varias rondas Delphi hasta llegar a la versión final. Resultados: Las guías base fueron la British Thoracic Society Asthma Guideline 2014, la Global Initiative on Asthma 2015 y la Guía Española del Manejo del Asma 2015. Después de 3 rondas Delphi se desarrolló un documento en el que se consideraron las características de los pacientes según edad, costos de los tratamientos y perfiles de seguridad de los fármacos disponibles en México. Conclusión: Con la cooperación de neumólogos, alergólogos, otorrinolaringólogos, pediatras y médicos generales se llegó a un consenso basado en evidencia, en el que se incluyeron recomendaciones sobre prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento del asma y sus crisis.


Subject(s)
Asthma/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Airway Obstruction/physiopathology , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use , Asthma/classification , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/physiopathology , Bronchial Thermoplasty , Child , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Management , Evidence-Based Medicine , Female , Humans , Infant , Mexico , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Patient Education as Topic , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Self Care , Spirometry , Status Asthmaticus/therapy
7.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 56 Suppl 1: S104-12, 2009.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20873059

ABSTRACT

Currently, clinical practice guidelines and international guidelines on diagnosis and management of asthma, including special considerations in patients under five years old, given the frequent respiratory morbidity associated with this age group and poor or no cooperation from the child for testing respiratory function, favoring the underdiagnosis, delaying treatment and affecting the proper assessment of severity, level of control, and adequate clinical response to treatment. That is why the proper understanding of the natural history and the different phenotypes in infants and toddlers, allow for functional and clinical considerations on the progression of asthma from early childhood to adulthood, being necessary to make a special deal considering personal and family history, symptoms and progression of comorbidities exist which in turn will classify, monitor and plan treatment to achieve and maintain control of the disease, so far as asthma is not cured but their control is achieved in most patients. The doctor-patient interaction, family, education, control of risk factors and comorbidities, assessment, treatment and monitoring of the development of asthma are the foundation for success in the management of asthmatic patients.


Subject(s)
Asthma/therapy , Age Factors , Asthma/complications , Child, Preschool , Decision Trees , Humans , Severity of Illness Index
11.
Salud Publica Mex ; 46(2): 149-57, 2004.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15176577

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To characterize P. aeruginosa strains isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients over a 3 year period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective follow-up study was carried out in a population of cystic fibrosis patients. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAP.D) technique was used to amplify DNA of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples of five CF patients from the Servicio de Neumología y Cirugía del Tórax del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (Mexico City Chest Clinic of the National Pediatrics Institute) in Mexico City, between June 1996 and June 2002. Amplification patterns were established for each isolate to accurately identify all strains and to carry out an epidemiological analysis of P. aeruginosa among the selected CF patients. RESULTS: Eighteen different DNA amplification patterns were defined and used to identify each P. aeruginosa strain isolated from the different bronchoalveolar lavage samples. No correlation was observed between the different P. aeruginosa strain genotypes and mucoid or non-mucoid phenotypes, as strains with different phenotypes showed similar amplification patterns. Several strains with different amplification patterns were identified in samples obtained from the same patient, suggesting coinfection with ore than one P. aeruginosa strain. Two siblings with CF shared similargenotypes, suggesting the occurrence of cross- contamination. Similar genotypes of P. aeruginosa strains were isolated throughout the study period. CONCLUSION: Genotypic characterization of P. aeruginosa strains in CF patients allows more accurate epidemiological analyses of this important host-agent relationship.


Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Adolescent , Adult , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prospective Studies
12.
Salud pública Méx ; 46(2): 149-157, mar.-abr. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-362591

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a las cepas de P aeruginosa aisladas de lavados broncoalveolares de pacientes con fibrosis quística a lo largo de un periodo de tres años. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo, de seguimiento de una población de pacientes con fibrosis quística. Se utilizó la técnica de la amplificación del ADN empleando PCR con bajas condiciones de especificidad (Random amplified polymorphic DNA, RAPD-PCR) para la amplificación del ADN de cepas de P aeruginosa aisladas de lavados broncoalveolares de cinco pacientes con fibrosis quística, provenientes del Servicio de Neumología y Cirugía del Tórax del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría de la Ciudad de México, en el periodo de junio de 1996 a junio de 2002; se establecieron los patrones de amplificación de cada aislamiento, lo que permitió la identificación precisa de todas las cepas aisladas y el estudio de la epidemiología de P aeruginosa en los pacientes seleccionados con dicha enfermedad. RESULTADOS: Se definieron 18 patrones de amplificación del ADN que permitieron identificar a cada cepa de P aeruginosa aislada en las diferentes muestras de lavado broncoalveolar; no se encontró relación entre el fenotipo de P aeruginosa (mucoide o no mucoide) y el genotipo de cada aislamiento, ya que cepas con fenotipos distintos mostraron patrones de amplificación semejantes; en nuestros pacientes se identificaron cepas con patrones de amplificación distintos a partir de una misma muestra, lo que sugiere la presencia de infecciones simultáneas por más de una cepa de P aeruginosa; se demostró que dos hermanos con la enfermedad compartían cepas con genotipos semejantes, lo que sugiere una contaminación cruzada entre ambos, y se demostró el aislamiento de cepas de P aeruginosa con genotipos semejantes a lo largo de los periodos estudiados. CONCLUSIONES: La identificación mediante la caracterización genotípica de las cepas de P aeruginosa aisladas de los pacientes con fibrosis quística permite llevar a cabo estudios más precisos de la epidemiología de esta importante relación huésped-parásito.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/microbiology , Follow-Up Studies , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prospective Studies
13.
Rev Gastroenterol Mex ; 67(3): 150-4, 2002.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12653050

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Juvenile polyposis (JP) is a frequent cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. It is present in 3-4% of the population < 21 years of age and represents 90% of all polyps in childhood. The most common complaints are hematoquezia, abdominal pain, and polyp prolapse. METHODS: A descriptive, observational, transversal study of 225 children with histopatologic diagnosis of JP seen at the Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, between January 1985 and December 2000. Variables studied included age of presentation, gender, frequency, clinical manifestations, type, location, and diagnostic and therapeutic methods. RESULTS: Frequency was one polyp per 162 patient seen during the same period (0.61%) and age 2 to 8 years (82%), a total of 235 patients, 120 females and 273 total polyps were found rectum the most common site 82% (224 polyps) followed by sigmoid. Mean distance from anal margin was 6.5 cm. Of all polyps, 82.9% were in the first 10 cm of anal margin. Of all patients, 92.3% had a single polyp and 7.7% had multiple polyps. A baritated study was made in 39 patients (16.6%) with diagnostic efficacy of 74%. No additional baritated studies were needed because of high diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of the rectosigmoidoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Rectosigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy remain as the diagnosis and therapeutic method in children with JP.


Subject(s)
Colonic Polyps/complications , Intestinal Neoplasms/complications , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Colonic Polyps/diagnosis , Colonoscopy , Female , Humans , Infant , Intestinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Male , Mexico , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sigmoidoscopy
14.
Pediatr. edicion int ; 4(3): 83-92, jul.-sept. 2001. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-343268

ABSTRACT

Our interest was to determine the quality of life of mexican children who attended to the National Institute of Pediatrics in Mexico City. A comparative, observational, descriptive and retrospective study was done in children diagnosed with cystic fibrosis with ages between 5 to 18 years. The FQ Mex scale was administered to each child in order to determine their quality of life. A comparison with children without cystic fibrosis was done. Twelve boys and 6 girls with cystic fibrosis were included and 9 healthy children were enrolled as controls. A statistical difference was found between both groups in the FQ Mex scale (p<0.05) for the respiratory area which did not occur with the infectious, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and nutritional aspects. The most probable explanation that it is easier to control these clinical areas with antibiotics and pancreatic enzymes than the respiratory symptoms. The FQ Mex scale is a useful instrument that provides a good idea of the quality of life in children with cystic fibrosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Cystic Fibrosis , Quality of Life , Mexico
15.
Rev. invest. clín ; 50(2): 139-43, mar.-abr. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232791

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Realizar un estudio metodológico para investigar la variabilidad intra e interobservador de dos neumológos pediatras en la interpretación de radiografías simples de tórax de pacientes con afección pulmonar intersticial (API), determinar el efecto de la información clínica en dicha interpretación y evaluarla en términos del reporte histopatológico. Diseño. Prospectivo, transversal, comparativo y triple ciego. Ubicación. Departamento de neumología y Cirugía de Tórax, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría de México. Material y métodos. Se usaron radiografías simples de tórax de 45 pacientes pediátricos con API confirmada por biopsia pulmonar a cielo abierto. Se identificaron con un código secreto y se aleatorizó el orden de su colocación antes de cada interpretación por los observadores. No se informó el observador su lectura anterior ni la del otro; quien las registro no conocía el diagnóstico. En las dos primeras lecturas no se proporcionó información clínica; sí en la tercera. Mediciones. Se establecieron criterios para que los observadores clasificaran el patrón radiológico predominante, v. gr. lineal, reticular, retículonodular, imagen en vidrio despulido e imagen en panal de abeja. Se estableció qué patrón radiológico correspondería cada diagnóstico histopatológico. Se usó prueba de Kappa ponderada. Resultados. Excepto en un caso se encontró una buena concordancia (Kw 0.57-0.88) en las contrastaciones intra e interobservadores. Conclusiones. La buena uniformidad de criterios observada en este estudio la consideramos como el resultado del trabajo clínico cotidiano de 15 años de los neumólogos evaluados


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Single-Blind Method , Lung Diseases, Interstitial , Observer Variation , Prospective Studies
16.
Rev. gastroenterol. Méx ; 61(4): 310-3, oct.-dic. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-192319

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes. Diversos esquemas de tratamiento se han utilizado para la eliminación de Helicobacter pylori en niños con gastritis, con diferentes resultados. Objetivo. Evaluar la eliminación de Helicobacter pylori, así como la mejoría clínica en niños con gastritis asociada, cuando se les administró en forma simultánea amoxicilina, ranitidina y subsalicilato de bismuto. Método. Se estudiaron 20 pacientes que acudieron al Servicio de Gastroenterología, del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 1992 y junio de 1993. Se incluyeron todos los niños con dolor abdominal recurrene en quienes se identificó Helicobacter pylori en las biopsias de antrogástrico. El tratamiento consistió en la administración simultánea de amoxicilina durante 15 días y ranitidina y subsalicilato de bismuto durante un mes. Resultados. En 14 de 20 niños se logró mejoría clínica así como la eliminación de Helicobacter pylori. Conclusiones. La eliminación de Helicobacter pylori y la mejoría clínica se obtuvieron en el 70 por ciento de los niños, con buena tolerancia al trataiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Abdominal Pain/therapy , Biopsy , Drug Therapy , Duodenal Ulcer , Endoscopy , Gastritis , Helicobacter pylori
17.
Acta pediátr. Méx ; 15(2): 90-4, mar.-abr. 1994. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-177220

ABSTRACT

La agenesia del hemodiafragma derecho es una anomalía extraordinariamente infrecuente. El caso que se presenta es apenas el tercero informado en la literatura y el primero asociado con hipoplasia pulmonar bilateral, secuestro pulmonar extralobar, linfangiectasias y adenomatosis congénita pulmonar tipo III de Stocker. El diagnóstico prenatal de malformación congénita del diafragma debe sospecharse en presencia de antecedentes maternos patológicos y/o de trastornos del embarazo. En este caso el embarazo y el parto fueron normales pero se encontró placenta "pequeña", cordón umbilical corto y oligohidramnios. Este último se ha asociado con hipoplasia pulmonar bilateral. La sobrevida informada en el total de los casos de agenesia de uno u otro hemodiafragma ha sido del 40 por ciento, en pacientes cuya función cardiopulmonar evolucionó hacia la normalidad después de la corrección quirúrgica. El diagnóstico prenatal en este caso no hubiese modificado el pronóstico porque la hipoplasia pulmonar bilateral es una patología incompatible con la vida


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Male , Diaphragm/abnormalities , Diaphragmatic Eventration/physiopathology , Fetal Diseases/physiopathology , Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/congenital
18.
Acta pediátr. Méx ; 15(2): 82-9, mar.-abr. 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-177221

ABSTRACT

A partir de la década de los 50, las ciudades industrializadas y grandes urbes en el mundo confrontaron un nuevo problema de salud pública "LA CONTAMINACION AMBIENTAL", las consecuencias sobre el desarrollo y la salud de los seres vivos a largo plazo no se conocen con precisión, sin embargo de acuerdo al tipo, cantidad y mecanismo de acción del contaminante sus efectos pueden ser irreversibles o mortales. En México la contaminación del aire en la zona metropolitana representa uno de los principales problemas de salud por lo que los autores de esta revisión mencionan los diferentes tipos de contaminantes y su mecanismo de acción sobre el aparato respiratorio, además de señalar las principales fuentes de origen y las acciones encaminadas a contrarrestar y prevenir los efectos de la contaminación atmosférica


Subject(s)
Environmental Pollution/adverse effects , Ecosystem , Environmental Pollutants/classification , Lead/adverse effects , Carbon Monoxide/adverse effects , Nitrogen Oxides/adverse effects , Ozone/adverse effects , Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology
19.
Acta pediátr. Méx ; 15(2): 64-74, mar.-abr. 1994. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-177223

ABSTRACT

La malformación adenomatoidea quística congénita pulmonar (MAQCP) y el enfisema lobar congénito (ELC) son enfermedades frecuentes, debidas a errores de la embriogénesis, que comparten algunas características clínicas y en los estudios de imagen. Estas enfermedades pueden asociarse entre sí o a otras malformaciones congénitas, lo que dificulta el diagnóstico y causa errores en el tratamiento. Sobre estas bases se justifica este trabajo cuyo objetivo es conocer la estadística institucional de malformaciones congénitas broncopulmonares, la frecuencia relativa de MAQCP y del ELC; investigar asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre ambas enfermedades y fundamentar la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. Los autores revisaron los archivos de la institución para integrar la estadística de malformaciones congénitas entre 1971 y 1991. Se analizaron en retrospecto los expedientes clínicos y radiológicos así como los estudios histológicos de 24 casos de MAQCP y nueve de ELC diagnosticados por criterios anatomopatológicos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas al contrastar los datos clínicos al nacimiento o en el momento del ingreso al hospital. La radiografía simple de tórax y la broncoscopia fueron de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico diferencial. Todos los casos fueron tratados con resección quirúrgica del tejido pulmonar malformado. La mortalidad directamente atribuible al padecimiento, incluyendo al mortalidad quirúrgica, fue mayor en el grupo de MAQCP en proporción de 17 a 11 por ciento y se relacionó con prematurez, malformaciones cardiovasculares asociadas, hipertensión arterial pulmonar y sepsis


Subject(s)
Adenomatosis, Pulmonary/congenital , Bronchoscopy , Congenital Abnormalities/genetics , Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/congenital , Lung/physiopathology
20.
Acta pediátr. Méx ; 15(2): 95-100, mar.-abr. 1994. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-177224

ABSTRACT

Presentamos el caso de un lactante con neumopatía crónica cuya madre tuvo leucorrea en último trimestre del embarazo y posteriormente al parto. El ejemplo de pruebas rápidas y específicas para la detección del antígeno mediante técnicas de ELISA e inmunofluorescencia directa, tanto de las secreciones bronquiales de la paciente como en las cervicovaginales de la madre, permitió diagnosticar neumonía por Chlamydia trachomatis adquirida al momento del nacimiento. Se empleó claritromicina durante 14 días consecutivos, y se obtuvo mejoría clínica con erradicación de la bacteria de la vía aérea de la paciente. Es el primer caso informado en México de neumonía por Chlamydia trachomatis tratado con éxito con claritromicina. El seguimiento de la paciente permitió documentar cuadros leves de hiperreactividad bronquial


Subject(s)
Infant , Humans , Female , Chlamydia trachomatis/pathogenicity , Clarithromycin/therapeutic use , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Leukorrhea/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/etiology , Pregnancy Complications/microbiology , Radiography, Thoracic/methods , Fluorescent Antibody Technique
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