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1.
Rev. Asoc. Méd. Argent ; 130(4): 4-10, dic. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-973085

ABSTRACT

El método gold standar para el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis (TB) es el cultivo en medio sólido de Lowenstein-Jensen. Dado el alto costo y los requerimientos de infraestructura y personal entrenado que exige este método, tanto el programa nacional, como las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), establecen que una baciloscopía positiva (BAAR +) confirma el diagnóstico de TB. Si bien el cultivo amplía la sensibilidad diagnóstica, tipifica los bacilos, y permite realizar pruebas de sensibilidad, no es un requisito operativo para la definición de confirmación bacteriológica de TB. En Argentina, el 1% de las BAAR (+) corresponden a otras etiologías3. Presentamos un caso comprendido en ese 1%, en el cual mostramos los problemas a los que se enfrenta un paciente (fundamentalmente demora diagnóstica y exposición innecesaria a drogas potencialmente tóxicas) cuando tiene un diagnóstico de TB de acuerdo con los stándares nacionales e internacionales y sin embargo no es TB.


The method gold standard for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is the culture in Lowenstein-Jensen’s solid way. In view of the high cost and the requirements of infrastructure and trained personnel that demands this method, both the national program, and the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), they establish that a smear-positive confirms TB’s diagnosis. In addition, the culture increases the diagnostic sensitivity, typifies the bacillus and allows the sensitivity tests to be performed, but it is not an operative requirement for the definition of TB’s bacteriological confirmation. In Argentina, 1% of the BAAR (+) are due to other etiologies3. We present a case included in that 1%, in which we show the problems that a patient faces (basically diagnostic delay and unnecessary exposure to potentially toxic drugs) when it has TB’s diagnosis of agreement to the national and international standards and nevertheless it is not TB.


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Middle Aged , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria/isolation & purification , Bacteriological Techniques , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Thoracic , False Positive Reactions , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Sputum/microbiology
2.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 51(10): e49-e52, oct. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-142402

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis extensamente resistente (TB-XDR) y pre-XDR comprometen seriamente el pronóstico de la enfermedad, y su tratamiento requiere inevitablemente el uso de fármacos del grupo V (Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS]). Se analizó retrospectivamente la evolución de todos los pacientes con TB pre-XDR y XDR asistidos en un servicio especializado durante 2012 y 2013, medicados con regímenes que incluyeron por lo menos 6 meses de meropenem-clavulanato (MPC), capreomicina, moxifloxacina, linezolid, clofazimina, isoniacida en alta dosis, PAS y en un caso bedaquilina. Fueron tratados 10 pacientes, 9 de ellos con un extenso patrón de resistencia a un mínimo de 6 fármacos y uno por reacciones adversas e interacciones medicamentosas que generaron una situación análoga. Ocho de los 10 pacientes tratados, hicieron la conversión bacteriológica del esputo (2 cultivos mensuales consecutivos negativos) en un lapso de 2 a 7 meses, en tanto que 2 fallecieron. No se observaron reacciones adversas atribuibles a la administración prolongada del MPC


XDR (extensively drug-resistant) and pre-XDR tuberculosis (TB) seriously compromise prognosis and treatment possibilities, and inevitably require the use of group V drugs (World Health Organization). The progress of all patients with XDR and pre-XDR TB seen in a specialized unit during 2012 and 2013 and treated with regimens that included at least 6 months of meropenem-clavulanate (MPC), capreomycin, moxifloxacin, linezolid, clofazimine, high-dose isoniazid, PAS, and bedaquiline in 1 case, were retrospectively analyzed. Ten patients were treated, 9 with an extensive pattern of resistance to at least 6 drugs, and 1 because of adverse reactions and drug interactions leading to a similar situation. Eight of the 10 patients treated achieved bacteriological sputum conversion (2 consecutive negative monthly cultures) over a period of 2–7 months, while 2 died. No adverse reactions attributable to prolonged administration of MPC were observed


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Capreomycin/therapeutic use , Isoniazid/therapeutic use , Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/metabolism , Antibiotics, Antitubercular/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/complications , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Drug Resistance/physiology
3.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 51(10): e49-52, 2015 Oct.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26026689

ABSTRACT

XDR (extensively drug-resistant) and pre-XDR tuberculosis (TB) seriously compromise prognosis and treatment possibilities, and inevitably require the use of group V drugs (World Health Organization). The progress of all patients with XDR and pre-XDR TB seen in a specialized unit during 2012 and 2013 and treated with regimens that included at least 6 months of meropenem-clavulanate (MPC), capreomycin, moxifloxacin, linezolid, clofazimine, high-dose isoniazid, PAS, and bedaquiline in 1 case, were retrospectively analysed. Ten patients were treated, 9 with an extensive pattern of resistance to at least 6 drugs, and 1 because of adverse reactions and drug interactions leading to a similar situation. Eight of the 10 patients treated achieved bacteriological sputum conversion (2 consecutive negative monthly cultures) over a period of 2-7 months, while 2 died. No adverse reactions attributable to prolonged administration of MPC were observed.


Subject(s)
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Clavulanic Acid/therapeutic use , Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Thienamycins/therapeutic use , Adult , Antitubercular Agents/classification , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology , Argentina/epidemiology , Clavulanic Acid/pharmacology , Drug Therapy, Combination , Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Meropenem , Middle Aged , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Peru/ethnology , Retrospective Studies , Sputum/microbiology , Thienamycins/pharmacology , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology , Uruguay/ethnology , Young Adult
4.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 67(2): 473-7, 2012 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22134348

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Current drug choices to treat extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) are scarce; therefore, information on the safety, tolerability and efficacy of alternative regimens is of utmost importance. The aim of this study was to describe the management, drug adverse effects and outcome of alternative combined treatment in a series of XDR-TB patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 17 non-AIDS, pulmonary adult patients with XDR-TB admitted to a referral treatment centre for infectious diseases in Buenos Aires from 2002 through 2008. Drug susceptibility testing was performed under regular proficiency testing and confirmed at the national TB reference laboratory. RESULTS: Linezolid was included in the drug regimens of all patients; moxifloxacin and/or thioridazine were included in the regimens of 14 patients. Clinically tractable drug adverse effects were observed in nine patients, the most frequent being haematological disorders and neurotoxicity. In two patients, thioridazine was discontinued. Negative culture conversion was achieved in 15 patients, 11 completed treatment meeting cure criteria, 4 are still on follow-up with good evolution, 1 defaulted treatment and 1 was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of linezolid, moxifloxacin and thioridazine is recommended for compassionate use in specialized centres with expertise in the management of XDR-TB.


Subject(s)
Acetamides/administration & dosage , Antitubercular Agents/administration & dosage , Aza Compounds/administration & dosage , Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis/drug therapy , Oxazolidinones/administration & dosage , Quinolines/administration & dosage , Thioridazine/administration & dosage , Acetamides/adverse effects , Adult , Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects , Argentina , Aza Compounds/adverse effects , Compassionate Use Trials/methods , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis/microbiology , Female , Fluoroquinolones , Humans , Linezolid , Male , Middle Aged , Moxifloxacin , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Oxazolidinones/adverse effects , Quinolines/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Thioridazine/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
5.
Salud(i)cienc., (Impresa) ; 17(8): 778-782, sept. 2010.
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-125570

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis extensamente resistente a múltiples drogas (XDR-TB), resistente a isoniacida, rifampicina, alguna fluoroquinolona y al menos una entre kanamicina, amikacina, o capreomicina; ha sido descripta en la mayoría de las regiones del mundo con efectos devastadores. Por esta razón, la información sobre seguridad, tolerabilidad y eficacia acerca de drogas potencialmente útiles en su tratamiento es de extrema utilidad, no sólo para mejorar el pronóstico individual de estos pacientes sino también para controlar su diseminación. Se presentan 18 casos de localización pulmonar en pacientes sin Sida. Se trataron con esquemas que incluyeron en todos los casos linezolida; en 13, moxifloxacina, y en 13, tioridazina, todos negativizaron al examen directo y cultivo del esputo. Once pacientes cumplieron criterios de curación, 6 están aún en tratamiento y 3 abandonaron. Diez pacientes presentaron efectos adversos, en sólo 1 caso debió suspenderse la tioridazina. La utilización de linezolid, moxifloxacina y tioridazina ha contribuído a la evolución satisfactoria de estos pacientes. Estos fármacos son considerados de utilidad en esta serie, pero deben ser empleados en centros especializados con experiencia en el manejo de la XDR-TB.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/therapy , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Therapeutic Uses , Argentina
6.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 17(8): 778-782, sept. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567636

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis extensamente resistente a múltiples drogas (XDR-TB), resistente a isoniacida, rifampicina, alguna fluoroquinolona y al menos una entre kanamicina, amikacina, o capreomicina; ha sido descripta en la mayoría de las regiones del mundo con efectos devastadores. Por esta razón, la información sobre seguridad, tolerabilidad y eficacia acerca de drogas potencialmente útiles en su tratamiento es de extrema utilidad, no sólo para mejorar el pronóstico individual de estos pacientes sino también para controlar su diseminación. Se presentan 18 casos de localización pulmonar en pacientes sin Sida. Se trataron con esquemas que incluyeron en todos los casos linezolida; en 13, moxifloxacina, y en 13, tioridazina, todos negativizaron al examen directo y cultivo del esputo. Once pacientes cumplieron criterios de curación, 6 están aún en tratamiento y 3 abandonaron. Diez pacientes presentaron efectos adversos, en sólo 1 caso debió suspenderse la tioridazina. La utilización de linezolid, moxifloxacina y tioridazina ha contribuído a la evolución satisfactoria de estos pacientes. Estos fármacos son considerados de utilidad en esta serie, pero deben ser empleados en centros especializados con experiencia en el manejo de la XDR-TB.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Therapeutic Uses , Argentina , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/therapy
7.
Rev. argent. med. respir ; 7(1): 19-25, sept. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-528636

ABSTRACT

La XDR-TB (resistente a isoniazida, rifampicina, alguna fluoroquinolona y al menos una entre kanamicina, amikacina o capreomicina), ha causado efectos devastadores en pacientes con SIDA y es prácticamente incurable. Se presentan 12 casos de localización pulmonar en pacientes no SIDA. Se trataron con esquemas que incluyeron en todos linezolid y en 9 moxifloxacino, todos negativizaron el examen directo y cultivo del esputo. Nueve pacientes cumplieron criterios de curación, 1 está aún en tratamiento y 2 abandonaron. Ocho pacientes presentaron efectos adversos, en solo 1 caso debió suspenderse la tioridazina. La utilización de linezolid, moxifloxacina y tioridazina han contribuido a la evolución satisfactoria de estos pacientes. Estos fármacos son considerados de utilidad en la serie reportada, debiendo ser utilizados en centros especializados con experiencia en el manejo de la TB MR y XDR-TB.


The XDR-TB (resistant to isoniazid, rifampiN, fluorquinolone and at least of the following: kanamycina, amikacyna or capreomycin), has caused devastating effects in patients with AIDS and is practically incurable. Twelve cases of pulmonary XDR-TB in non AIDS are described. All were treated with schemes that included linezolid in all and moxifloxacin in 9, all respiratory specimens became negative. Nine patients fulfilled healing criteria, 1 is still under treatment and 2 abandoned the therapy. Eight patients presented adverse effects, thioridazine was stopped in only one patient. Linezolid, moxifloxacin and tioridazin contributed to the satisfactory evolution of these patients. These drugs were considered useful in the reported series of cases and should be used in specialized centres with experience in the management of MR TB and XDR-TB.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Disease Outbreaks , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/mortality , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/therapy , Argentina/epidemiology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Oxazolidinones/therapeutic use , Quinolones/therapeutic use
8.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 67(3): 295-305, 2007.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17628921

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is a worldwide prevalent disease. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains spurred the search for new drugs. There are several tuberculosis treatment guidelines, international and local in a programmatic approach. An Argentinean specialists panel draw practical guidelines based in clinical criteria and the local and international bibliography through consensus meetings, including issues as: antituberculosis drugs available in Argentina, initial and re-treatement modalities, special situations treatment, adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs, current indications of surgical treatment and new drugs under study for the treatment of the disease.


Subject(s)
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/therapy , Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Argentina , Humans , Retreatment , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/surgery
9.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 67(3): 295-305, 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-123480

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad prevalente en todo el mundo. La emergencia de cepas multirresistentes del Mycobacterium tuberculosis ha incentivado la búsqueda de nuevos fármacos. Existen diversas guías de tratamiento de la enfermedad, internacionales y a nivel programático local. Un grupo de especialistas argentinos elaboró una guía práctica basada en criterios clínicos y en la bibliografía nacional e internacional sobre el tema a través de reuniones de consenso, abarcando tópicos como: fármacos antituberculosos disponibles en la Argentina, modalidades de tratamiento inicial y retratamiento, tratamiento en situaciones especiales, reacciones adversas a fármacos antituberculosos, indicaciones actuales de tratamiento quirúrgico y nuevos fármacos en estudio para el tratamiento de la enfermedad.(AU)


Tuberculosis is a worldwide prevalent disease. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains spurred the search for new drugs. There are several tuberculosis treatment guidelines, international and local in a programmatic approach. An Argentinean specialists panel draw practical guidelines based in clinical criteria and the local and international bibliography through consensus meetings, including issues as: antituberculosis drugs available in Argentina, initial and re-treatement modalities, special situations treatment, adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs, current indications of surgical treatment and new drugs under study for the treatment of the disease.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/surgery , Argentina , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Consensus Development Conferences as Topic
10.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 67(3): 295-305, 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-483410

ABSTRACT

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad prevalente en todo el mundo. La emergencia de cepas multirresistentes del Mycobacterium tuberculosis ha incentivado la búsqueda de nuevos fármacos. Existen diversas guías de tratamiento de la enfermedad, internacionales y a nivel programático local. Un grupo de especialistas argentinos elaboró una guía práctica basada en criterios clínicos y en la bibliografía nacional e internacional sobre el tema a través de reuniones de consenso, abarcando tópicos como: fármacos antituberculosos disponibles en la Argentina, modalidades de tratamiento inicial y retratamiento, tratamiento en situaciones especiales, reacciones adversas a fármacos antituberculosos, indicaciones actuales de tratamiento quirúrgico y nuevos fármacos en estudio para el tratamiento de la enfermedad.


Tuberculosis is a worldwide prevalent disease. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains spurred the search for new drugs. There are several tuberculosis treatment guidelines, international and local in a programmatic approach. An Argentinean specialists panel draw practical guidelines based in clinical criteria and the local and international bibliography through consensus meetings, including issues as: antituberculosis drugs available in Argentina, initial and re-treatement modalities, special situations treatment, adverse reactions to antituberculosis drugs, current indications of surgical treatment and new drugs under study for the treatment of the disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/therapy , Argentina , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Consensus Development Conferences as Topic , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/surgery
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