ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current status of animal experiments of acupuncture in intervening chronic fatigue syndrome, so as to search formethods to improve the quality of animal experiment reports. METHODS: From the databases, such as CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library, the literature of animal experiment on acupuncture treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome was searched from January 1st, 2011 to April 2nd, 2022. Data were extracted according to the animal research reporting in vivo experiment (ARRIVE) guidelines 2.0 and gold standard publication checklist (GSPC), and statistical analysis was performed using Excel 2019. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies were finally included. The satis-faction rate of essential items in the ARRIVE guidelines 2.0 is 41.76%ï¼while the satisfaction rate of recommended items is only 27.73% and of the GSPC is 25.89%. Out of 16 studies, 13 of them explained the reasons for animal exclusion in the experiment, 8 provided specific randomized methods, 8 described detailed information on animal species, strains, and quantities, 3 basically indicated that they had passed ethical review, 7 explained the limitations of the research. All 16 studies reported the main findings and elucidated their potential clinical or scientific value. CONCLUSION: Current animal studies on acupuncture in intervening the chronic fatigue syndrome are of certain limitation. Descriptions of multiple items are incomplete or missing, which prevents rea-ders from assessing reliability and authenticity of the animal experiment. It is recommended that in future research, experimental design, execution and report should be carried out according to the report guidelines for animal experiment to improve research quality.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Therapy , Animal Experimentation , Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic , Animals , Checklist , Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/therapy , Reproducibility of Results , Acupuncture Therapy/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pydiflumetofen is a new generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor currently undergoing the process of registration in China for the control of Fusarium head blight in wheat. A resistance risk assessment of Fusarium graminearum to pydiflumetofen was undertaken in this study. RESULTS: A total of 75 pydiflumetofen-resistant mutants were generated through spontaneous selection and displayed high resistance with an average resistance factor (RF) value of 78. Four mutants were generated through UV mutagenesis and displayed very high resistance with an RF value >1000. The sequence analysis results for Sdh genes and fitness studies revealed the existence of four types of mutations. In particular, 32 spontaneous selection mutants (SP mutants) had an arginine (R) to histidine (H) transition at position 86 in FGSdhC, resulting in seriously reduced fitness. Seven SP mutants had an R to cysteine (C) transition at position 86 in FGSdhC, resulting in reduced fitness. Thirty-six SP mutants had an alanine (A) to valine (V) transition at position 83 in FGSdhC and had no fitness penalties. The efficacy of pydiflumetofen towards a mutant carrying A83V in FGSdhC in vivo was significantly decreased at 42.7%. Four UV mutants had no mutations on all Sdh genes and no fitness penalties. Cross-resistance among boscalid, fluopyram and pydiflumetofen was observed. CONCLUSION: Sdhc mutations were found and other target site resistance may be present in laboratory PR mutants of F. graminearum. An overall moderate risk of resistance development in F. graminearum was recommended for pydiflumetofen. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Fusarium , China , Drug Resistance, Fungal , Fungicides, Industrial , Plant Diseases , Risk Assessment , Succinate Dehydrogenase , Succinic AcidABSTRACT
We report what we believe to be potential improved performance for a Nd:YAG discrete path slab amplifier configuration based on a hybrid resonator system. The amplifier is driven by a Q-switched 0.3 mJ nanosecond oscillator that generates an initial laser pulse at a repetition rate of 5 KHz and has beam quality of M2<1.3. The input pulse makes 12 passes through the slab amplifier to yield 25 mJ output pulse energy at the absorbed pump power of 878 W. A corresponding optical-to-optical efficiency of 14.3% was obtained, and the beam quality factors M2 in the unstable and stable direction were 1.7 and 1.5, respectively. No detectable signs of amplified spontaneous emission were observed.
