Multiple sclerosis: an immunologic perspective.

The precise cause of MS remains unknown, although immunopathologic studies provide solid evidence of participation of activated immune cells in the formation of MS lesions. Cell-mediated and antibody-mediated(humoral) immune responses are involved in the immunopathogenesis of MS. The Thl and Th2 cells, by releasing a variety of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, work in opposition to balance the immune response and to determine the net effect of the inflammation. The current understanding of immunopathogenesis shapes the contemporary approach to the treatment of MS. The article also reviewed the mechanisms of action of commonly used immunotherapy agents and their impact on the immune response of patients who have MS.