ABSTRACT
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a process in which the blood supply to the brain is temporarily interrupted and subsequently restored. However, it is highly likely to lead to further aggravation of pathological damage to ischemic tissues or the nervous system., and has accordingly been a focus of extensive clinical research. As a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation, Sanhua Decoction has gradually gained importance in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. Its main constituents include Citrus aurantium, Magnolia officinalis, rhubarb, and Qiangwu, which are primarily used to regulate qi. In the treatment of neurological diseases, the therapeutic effects of the Sanhua Decoction are mediated via different pathways, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neurotransmitter regulatory pathways, as well as through the protection of nerve cells and a reduction in cerebral edema. Among the studies conducted to date, many have found that the application of Sanhua Decoction in the treatment of neurological diseases has clear therapeutic effects. In addition, as a natural treatment, the Sanhua Decoction has received widespread attention, given that it is safer and more effective than traditional Western medicines. Consequently, research on the mechanisms of action and efficacy of the Sanhua Decoctions in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is of considerable significance. In this paper, we describe the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and review the current status of its treatment to examine the therapeutic mechanisms of action of the Sanhua Decoction. We hope that the findings of the research presented herein will contribute to a better understanding of the efficacy of this formulation in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and provide a scientific basis for its application in clinical practice.
ABSTRACT
RATIONALE: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an auto-immune and paraneoplastic encephalitis with prominent neuropsychiatric manifestations. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor is located in the forebrain and hippocampus and plays a role in learning and memory. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 29-year-old female patient with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, was reported and we also reviewed the literature and summarised the characteristics of the cases. DIAGNOSES: In the present study, we reported 1 patient with anti-NMDAR encephalitis diagnosed by the detection of anti-NMDAR antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). INTERVENTIONS: The patient received glucocorticoids and anti-epilepsy treatment as well as human immunoglobulin treatment. OUTCOMES: After treatment, the patient gradually regained consciousness and was discharged after 3 months of rehabilitation. At the follow-up 2 months later, the patient had the sequelae of memory impairment and limb movement disorders. LESSONS: An accurate early diagnosis and active treatment are crucial to the improvement in the prognosis of patients with anti-NMDAR receptor encephalitis.
Subject(s)
Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis , Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Immunoglobulins/administration & dosage , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/immunology , Adult , Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/complications , Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/diagnosis , Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/physiopathology , Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/psychology , Antibodies/blood , Antibodies/cerebrospinal fluid , Early Diagnosis , Female , Humans , Immunomodulation , Memory Disorders/etiology , Movement Disorders/etiology , Prognosis , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
By application of a newly designed T-shaped ligand 5-(4-pyridin-4-yl-benzoylamino)isophthalic acid (H2PBAI) to assemble with Zn(II) ions under solvothermal conditions, a novel porous polyhedral metal-organic framework (Zn-PBAI) with pcu topology has been obtained. When treated as a precursor by annealing of Zn-PBAI at various temperatures, porous carbon polyhedra (PCP) were prepared and tested as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The results show that PCP carbonized at 1000 °C (PCP-1000) manifest the highest reversible specific capacity of about 1125 mAh g-1 at a current of 500 mA g-1 after 200 cycles, which is supposed to benefit from the large accessible specific area and high electric conductivity. Moreover, PCP-1000 electrode materials also exhibit superior cyclic stability and good rate capacity.
